.h--->.m---->.h--->.m---->.m
———————————————————————分割——————————————————————————————
_父类指针指向子类对象
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
@interface Animals : NSObject
@property (nonatomic)NSInteger age;
@property (nonatomic, copy)NSString *name;
- (void)printAge:(NSInteger)newAge andName:(NSString *)newName;
@end
#import "Animals.h"
@implementation Animals
- (void)printAge:(NSInteger)newAge andName:(NSString *)newName
{
NSLog(@"className = %@", [self class]);
NSLog(@"name = %@ age = %lu",newName, newAge);
}
@end
#import "Animals.h"
@interface Cat : Animals
// (void)printAge:(NSInteger)newAge andName:(NSString *)newName;
@end
#import "Cat.h"
@implementation Cat
- (void)printAge:(NSInteger)newAge andName:(NSString *)newName
{
NSLog(@"当前类为%@类", [self class]);
NSLog(@"cat name is %@, age is %lu", newName,newAge);
}
@end
#import "Animals.h"
@interface Dog : Animals
//- (void)printAge:(NSInteger)newAge andName:(NSString *)newName;
@end
#import "Dog.h"
@implementation Dog
- (void)printAge:(NSInteger)newAge andName:(NSString *)newName
{
NSLog(@"当前类为%@类",[self class]);
NSLog(@"dog name is %@, age is %lu", newName, newAge);
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Animals.h"
#import "Dog.h"
#import "Cat.h"
void printAnimalsInfomation(Animals *ani, NSInteger age, NSString *name)
{
[ani printAge:age andName:name];
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
// Animals *ani = [[Animals alloc] init];
// [ani printAge:12 andName:@"未知"];
//
// Dog *dog = [[Dog alloc] init];
// ani = dog;
// [ani printAge:14 andName:@"小黑"];
//
// Cat *cat = [[Cat alloc] init];
// ani = cat ;
// [ani printAge:15 andName:@"咪咪"];
//多态的一种
Dog *dog1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
printAnimalsInfomation(dog1,12, @"小黑");
Cat *cat1 = [[Cat alloc] init];
printAnimalsInfomation(cat1, 14, @"小花");
}
return 0;
}
.h--->.m---->.h--->.m---->.m
———————————————————————分割——————————————————————————————
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Person : NSObject
{
//默认缺省是@protected
NSInteger num;
@protected//保护的
NSInteger _age;
NSString *_name;
@private//私有的
NSInteger _ID;
BOOL _sex;
@public//公共的
float _height;
float _weight;
}
- (void)setAge:(NSInteger)newAge;
- (void)setName:(NSString *)newName;
//- (void)setID:(NSInteger)newID;
- (void)setSex:(BOOL)newSex;
- (void)setHeight:(float)newHeight;
- (void)setWeight:(float)newWeight;
@property (readonly)NSInteger age;
@property (readwrite) NSInteger ID;
@property (readwrite) NSString *place;//私有的
@end
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
- (void)setAge:(NSInteger)newAge
{
self -> _age = newAge;//省略了self
}
- (void)setName:(NSString *)newName
{
_name = newName;
}
- (void)setSex:(BOOL)newSex
{
_sex = newSex;
}
//- (void)setID:(NSInteger)newID
//{
// _ID = newID;
//}
- (void)setWeight:(float)newWeight
{
_weight = newWeight;
}
- (void)setHeight:(float)newHeight
{
_height = newHeight;
}
@end
#import "Person.h"
@interface Student : Person
- (void)printAgeAndName;
- (void)changePlace;
@end
#import "Student.h"
@implementation Student
- (void)printAgeAndName
{
NSLog(@"name is %@, age is %li", _name, _age);
}
- (void)changePlace
{
//place = @"zhongguo";
}
@end
#import "Person.h"
@interface Teacher : Person
- (void)printIDAndSex;
- (void)printHeightAndWeight;
@end
#import "Teacher.h"
@implementation Teacher
- (void)printIDAndSex
{
//_ID = 456789;//子类不能继承私有成员变量
num = 12;
}
- (void)printHeightAndWeight
{
_weight = 456;
_height = 678;
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
#import "Student.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
/*
//@protected
Person *xiaoHua = [[Person alloc] init];
//xiaoHua->_name= @"xiaoHua";//保护的实例变量在当前类内可以直接访问,在类外不能直接访问,但是可以通过方法调用间接访问,子类可以直接继承保护的实例变量,子类可以直接访问保护的实例变量
[xiaoHua setAge:12];
NSLog(@"xiaoHua age is %li", xiaoHua.age);
Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];
[stu setAge:20];
[stu setName:@"xiaoZhang"];
[stu printAgeAndName];
*/
/*
//@private
Person *xiaoMing = [[Person alloc] init];
//xiaoMing ->_ID;//私有的成员变量,在当前类内可以直接访问, 在类外不能直接访问,可以通过方法调用间接访问,子类不能继承私有成员变量
//[xiaoMing setID:1234567890];
xiaoMing.ID = 2345678;
NSLog(@"xiaoMing id is %lu", xiaoMing.ID);
*/
//@public
Person *xiaoHua = [[Person alloc] init];
xiaoHua->_height= 178.8;//公有的实例变量在类内类外都能直接访问,子类可以直接继承, 也能直接访问
xiaoHua->_weight = 67.5;
}
return 0;
}
.h--->.m---->.h--->.m---->.m
———————————————————————分割——————————————————————————————
多态
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Animal : NSObject
- (void)showAnimalsFood;
@end
#import "Animal.h"
@implementation Animal
-(void)showAnimalsFood
{
return;
}
@end
#import "Animal.h"
@interface Cat : Animal
@end
#import "Cat.h"
@implementation Cat
- (void)showAnimalsFood
{
NSLog(@"猫爱吃鱼");
}
@end
#import "Animal.h"
@interface Dog : Animal
@end
#import "Dog.h"
@implementation Dog
- (void)showAnimalsFood
{
NSLog(@"狗喜欢吃骨头");
}
@end
#import "Animal.h"
@interface Frog : Animal
@end
#import "Frog.h"
@implementation Frog
- (void)showAnimalsFood
{
NSLog(@"青蛙爱吃虫子");
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Animal.h"
@interface Hander : NSObject
- (void)printAnimalFoodAction:(Animal *)ani;
@end
#import "Hander.h"
@implementation Hander
- (void)printAnimalFoodAction:(Animal *)ani
{
[ani showAnimalsFood];
}
@end
#import "Animal.h"
@interface Snake : Animal
@end
#import "Snake.h"
@implementation Snake
- (void)showAnimalsFood
{
NSLog(@"蛇喜欢吃老鼠");
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Hander.h"
#import "Snake.h"
#import "Frog.h"
#import "Cat.h"
#import "Dog.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Hander *xiaoHong = [[Hander alloc] init];
Snake *snake = [[Snake alloc] init];
[xiaoHong printAnimalFoodAction:snake];
Frog *frog = [[Frog alloc] init];
[xiaoHong printAnimalFoodAction:frog];
Dog *dog = [[Dog alloc] init];
[xiaoHong printAnimalFoodAction:dog];
Cat *cat = [[Cat alloc] init];
[xiaoHong printAnimalFoodAction:cat];
}
return 0;
}
.h--->.m---->.h--->.m---->.m
———————————————————————分割——————————————————————————————
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface NSMutableString (Reverse)
- (NSString *)reverseString;
@end
#import "NSMutableString+Reverse.h"
@implementation NSMutableString (Reverse)
- (NSString *)reverseString
{
NSMutableString *mulStr = [NSMutableString string];
NSInteger len = [self length];
for (NSInteger i=len-1; i>=0; i--) {
[mulStr appendFormat:@"%C", [self characterAtIndex:i]];
}
[self setString:mulStr];
return self;
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface NSString (Print)//Print类别名
- (void)print;
@end
#import "NSString+Print.h"
@implementation NSString (Print)
- (void)print
{
NSLog(@"self = %@", self);
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "NSString+Print.h"
#import "NSMutableString+Reverse.h"
//Category
//给类添加方法(常用给系统类添加方法)
//若要使用类别中的方法,需要添加对应的头文件
//类别主要用来给类扩展方法
//类别不能给类扩展实例变量
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
NSString *str = @"hello world";
[str print];
NSMutableString *mulStr = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"我是中国人"];
[mulStr reverseString];
NSLog(@"str = %@", mulStr);
}
return 0;
}
.h--->.m---->.h--->.m---->.m
———————————————————————分割——————————————————————————————
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Dog : NSObject
@property (nonatomic)NSInteger age;
@property (copy,readwrite)NSString *name;
- (void)setID:(NSInteger)newID;
- (NSInteger)ID;
- (void)printDog;
@end
#import "Dog.h"
@interface Dog ()
{
NSInteger _ID;//匿名类别可以给类扩展实例变量,实例是私有的,子类不能继承
}
//@property (nonatomic)NSInteger ID;
- (void)printInformation;//私有方法
@end
@implementation Dog
- (void)setID:(NSInteger)newID
{
_ID = newID;
}
- (NSInteger)ID
{
return _ID;
}
- (void)printInformation
{
NSLog(@"name is %@, age is %lu,ID is %lu", self.name, self.age , self.ID);
}
- (void)printDog//公开
{
[self printInformation];
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Dog *dog = [[Dog alloc] init];
dog.age = 12;
dog.name = @"xiaoHei";
dog.ID = 14;
//[dog printInformation];
[dog printDog];
}
return 0;
}
.h--->.m---->.h--->.m---->.m
———————————————————————分割——————————————————————————————
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Dog : NSObject
@property (nonatomic)NSInteger age;
@property (nonatomic,copy,readwrite)NSString *name;
- (void)print;
- (void)printName:(NSString *)name;
- (void)printName:(NSString *)name andAge:(NSNumber *)age;
@end
#import "Dog.h"
@implementation Dog
- (void)print
{
NSLog(@"name is %@, age is %lu", self.name, self.age);
}
- (void)printName:(NSString *)name
{
NSLog(@"name = %@", name);
}
- (void)printName:(NSString *)name andAge:(NSNumber *)age
{
NSLog(@"name = %@ age = %@", name , age);
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
//选择器
//函数指针
int add(int a, int b)
{
return a+b;
}
//
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
int (*padd)(int,int) = add;
NSLog(@"add = %d", padd(3,5));
NSLog(@"add = %p", padd);//利用函数的地址调用函数
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
SEL sel = @selector(print);//运行时概念
Dog *dog = [[Dog alloc] init];
dog.name = @"xiaoHei";
dog.age = 13;
if ([dog respondsToSelector:sel]) {//判断选择器中的方法是否实现
NSLog(@"%p", sel);
[dog performSelector:sel];//执行选择器中保存的方法
}
else{
NSLog(@"该方法在当前类中没有实现");
}
if([dog respondsToSelector:@selector(printName:)])
{
[dog performSelector:@selector(printName:) withObject:@"xiaoHei"];
}
else
{
NSLog(@"该方法在当前类中没有实现");
}
SEL sel2 = NSSelectorFromString(@"printName:andAge:");//利用方法名字符串,创建选择器
if ([dog respondsToSelector:sel2]) {
[dog performSelector:sel2 withObject:@"qianfeng" withObject:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:12]];
}
else{
NSLog(@"该方法在当前类中没有实现");
}
SEL sel3 = sel_getUid("print");//利用C语言字符串创建选择器
if ([dog respondsToSelector:sel3]) {
[dog performSelector:sel3];
}
else
{
}
}
return 0;
}
.h--->.m---->.h--->.m---->.m
———————————————————————分割——————————————————————————————
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface MusicManager : NSObject
{
NSString *_name;
}
+ (MusicManager *)defaultMusicManager;
@property (copy)NSString *name;
@end
#import "MusicManager.h"
static MusicManager *music;
@implementation MusicManager
//创建单例对象
//方法一
//+ (MusicManager *)defaultMusicManager
//{
// if(!music)
// {
// music = [[self alloc] init];
// }
// return music;
//}
//+ (MusicManager *)defaultMusicManager
//{
// @synchronized(self)//加线程锁,防止多线程访问造成内存泄露
// {
// if (!music) {
// music = [[self alloc] init];
// }
// }
// return music;
//}
//GCD
+ (MusicManager *)defaultMusicManager
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
if (!music) {
music = [[MusicManager alloc] init];
}
});
return music;
}
- (NSString *)description
{
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", self.name];
return str;
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "MusicManager.h"
//单例类
//单例对象在内存中只有一份
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
MusicManager *mu1 = [MusicManager defaultMusicManager];
mu1.name = @"QQ音乐";
NSLog(@"%p : %@", mu1,mu1);
MusicManager *mu2 = [MusicManager defaultMusicManager];
NSLog(@"%p : %@", mu2,mu2);
}
return 0;
}
.h--->.m---->.h--->.m---->.m
———————————————————————分割——————————————————————————————
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Father : NSObject
@property (assign, nonatomic)NSString *name;
@property (assign, nonatomic, readwrite)NSInteger age;
- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)newName andAge:(NSInteger)newAge;
- (void)eat;
@end
#import "Father.h"
@implementation Father
- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)newName andAge:(NSInteger)newAge
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_name = newName;
_age = newAge;
}
return self;
}
- (void)eat
{
NSLog(@"喜欢吃水果");
}
@end
#import "Father.h"
@interface Son : Father
@property (assign,readwrite) int number;
- (void)action;
@end
#import "Son.h"
@implementation Son
- (void)action
{
NSLog(@"%@去钓鱼",[self class]);//class 获取类名
}
- (void)eat//重写父类方法
{
NSLog(@"喜欢吃蔬菜");
}
- (NSString *)description//重写打印方法
{
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name = %@, age = %li",self.name, self.age];
return str;
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Son.h"
#import "Father.h"
//封装 继承 多态
//继承
//
//father son
//父类 子类
//fatherClass sonClass subClass childClass
//superClass
//子类继承父类
//实例变量: 继承过来的实例变量加自定义的实例变量
//方法: 父类方法加子类方法
//子类可以重写父类的方法
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Son *xiaoHua = [[Son alloc] init];
xiaoHua.age = 20;
xiaoHua.name = @"小华";
NSLog(@"name = %@, age = %li", xiaoHua.name, xiaoHua.age);
[xiaoHua action];
[xiaoHua eat];//先从当前类,查找对应的方法, 如果没有,跳到父类中查找对应的方法
NSLog(@"%@",xiaoHua);//自动调用discription方法
Father *person =xiaoHua;//父类的指针指向子类的对象
[person eat];//父类指针指向子类对象,调用方法取决于对象本身,先从对象本身对应的类查找方法,找不到,再到父类中查找方法
}
return 0;
}