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前端Table数据导出Excel使用HSSFWorkbook(Java)

一、实现原理：

1. 前端查询列表数据并渲染至table(<table>...</table>)表格

2. 表格html代码传输至后台

3. 后台把html转成Excel输出流返回前端

4. 前端自动调用下载器完成下载

注：因为渲染之后的hmtl代码数据量有可能很大，因此要使用POST方式的form表单方式提交。

二、实现步骤：

1. 查询后台数据并且渲染至页面table在此忽略,直接用一下静态html代替:

 <div id="table">
     <table id="targetTable">
         <thead>
             <tr>
                 <th style="background: fuchsia;">名次</th>
                 <th>姓名</th>
                 <th>成绩</th>
             </tr>
         </thead>
         <tbody>
             <tr align="center">
                 <td>1</td>
                 <td>小明</td>
                 <td>100</td>
             </tr>
             <tr align="center">
                 <td>2</td>
                 <td>小红</td>
                 <td>95.5</td>
             </tr>
         </tbody>
     </table>
 </div>

2. 表格html传输至后台进行解析生成excel输出流:

<script language="JavaScript">

        function makeFormSubmit(url, excelName, tableHtml) {
            // 创建一个 form
            var form1 = document.createElement("form");
            // 添加到 body 中
            document.body.appendChild(form1);
            // 创建输入
            var input = document.createElement("input");
            input.name = "excelName";
            input.value = excelName;
            var input1 = document.createElement("input");
            input1.name = "tableHtml";
            input1.value = tableHtml;
            // 将输入框插入到 form 中
            form1.appendChild(input);
            form1.appendChild(input1);
            // form 的提交方式
            form1.method = "POST";
            // form 提交路径
            form1.action = url;
　　　　　　　//以附件方式 解决数据量大的问题        
　　　　　　  form1.enctype = "multipart/form-data";
            // 对该 form 执行提交
            form1.submit();
            // 删除该 form
            document.body.removeChild(form1);
        }

        function loadExcel() {
            var tableHtml = document.getElementById('table').innerHTML;
            makeFormSubmit("/admin/api/excel/loadExcel", "测试excel", tableHtml);
        }
    </script>

完整的hmtl页面代码:

<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/>
    <script src="./xqf-js/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script language="JavaScript">

        function makeFormSubmit(url, excelName, tableHtml) {
            // 创建一个 form
            var form1 = document.createElement("form");
            // 添加到 body 中
            document.body.appendChild(form1);
            // 创建输入
            var input = document.createElement("input");
            input.name = "excelName";
            input.value = excelName;
            var input1 = document.createElement("input");
            input1.name = "tableHtml";
            input1.value = tableHtml;
            // 将输入框插入到 form 中
            form1.appendChild(input);
            form1.appendChild(input1);
            // form 的提交方式
            form1.method = "POST";
            // form 提交路径
            form1.action = url;
　　　　　　　//以附件方式 解决数据量大的问题        
　　　　　　  form1.enctype = "multipart/form-data";
            // 对该 form 执行提交
            form1.submit();
            // 删除该 form
            document.body.removeChild(form1);
        }

        function loadExcel() {
            var tableHtml = document.getElementById('table').innerHTML;
            makeFormSubmit("/admin/api/excel/loadExcel", "测试excel", tableHtml);
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
 <div id="table">
     <table id="targetTable">
         <thead>
             <tr>
                 <th style="background: fuchsia;">名次</th>
                 <th>姓名</th>
                 <th>成绩</th>
             </tr>
         </thead>
         <tbody>
             <tr align="center">
                 <td>1</td>
                 <td>小明</td>
                 <td>100</td>
             </tr>
             <tr align="center">
                 <td>2</td>
                 <td>小红</td>
                 <td>95.5</td>
             </tr>
         </tbody>
     </table>
 </div>

<a href="javascript:" onclick="loadExcel();">
    <input id="Button1" type="button" value="导出" />
</a>
</body>
</html>

3. 后台转换代码:

必要的jar包，maven项目所以直接pom导入:

<!-- Excel导出相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi-examples</artifactId>
            <version>3.8</version>
        </dependency>

跨行元素元数据类：

package com.loanofficer.utils.excel;

/**
 * 跨行元素元数据
 *
 */
public class CrossRangeCellMeta {

    public CrossRangeCellMeta(int firstRowIndex, int firstColIndex, int rowSpan, int colSpan) {
        super();
        this.firstRowIndex = firstRowIndex;
        this.firstColIndex = firstColIndex;
        this.rowSpan = rowSpan;
        this.colSpan = colSpan;
    }

    private int firstRowIndex;
    private int firstColIndex;
    private int rowSpan;// 跨越行数
    private int colSpan;// 跨越列数

    int getFirstRow() {
        return firstRowIndex;
    }

    int getLastRow() {
        return firstRowIndex + rowSpan - 1;
    }

    int getFirstCol() {
        return firstColIndex;
    }

    int getLastCol() {
        return firstColIndex + colSpan - 1;
    }

    int getColSpan(){
        return colSpan;
    }
}

将html table 转成 excel类：

package com.loanofficer.utils.excel;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;

/**
 * 将html table 转成 excel
 *
 * 记录下来所占的行和列，然后填充合并
 */
public class ConvertHtml2Excel {
    /**
     * html表格转excel
     *
     * @param tableHtml 如
     *            <table>
     *            ..
     *            </table>
     * @return
     */
    public static HSSFWorkbook table2Excel(String tableHtml) {
        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet();

        HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
        style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

        List<CrossRangeCellMeta> crossRowEleMetaLs = new ArrayList<>();
        int rowIndex = 0;
        try {
            Document data = DocumentHelper.parseText(tableHtml);
            // 生成表头
            Element thead = data.getRootElement().element("thead");
            HSSFCellStyle titleStyle = getTitleStyle(wb);
            if (thead != null) {
                List<Element> trLs = thead.elements("tr");
                for (Element trEle : trLs) {
                    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rowIndex);
                    List<Element> thLs = trEle.elements("th");
                    makeRowCell(thLs, rowIndex, row, 0, titleStyle, crossRowEleMetaLs);
                    row.setHeightInPoints(17);
                    rowIndex++;
                }
            }
            // 生成表体
            Element tbody = data.getRootElement().element("tbody");
            if (tbody != null) {
                HSSFCellStyle contentStyle = getContentStyle(wb);
                List<Element> trLs = tbody.elements("tr");
                for (Element trEle : trLs) {
                    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rowIndex);
                    List<Element> thLs = trEle.elements("th");
                    int cellIndex = makeRowCell(thLs, rowIndex, row, 0, titleStyle, crossRowEleMetaLs);
                    List<Element> tdLs = trEle.elements("td");
                    makeRowCell(tdLs, rowIndex, row, cellIndex, contentStyle, crossRowEleMetaLs);
                    row.setHeightInPoints(18);
                    rowIndex++;
                }
            }
            // 合并表头
            for (CrossRangeCellMeta crcm : crossRowEleMetaLs) {
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(crcm.getFirstRow(), crcm.getLastRow(), crcm.getFirstCol(), crcm.getLastCol()));
            }
        } catch (DocumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //自动调整列宽
        for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
            sheet.autoSizeColumn((short)i);
        }
        return wb;
    }

    /**
     * 生产行内容
     *
     * @return 最后一列的cell index
     */
    /**
     * @param tdLs th或者td集合
     * @param rowIndex 行号
     * @param row POI行对象
     * @param startCellIndex
     * @param cellStyle 样式
     * @param crossRowEleMetaLs 跨行元数据集合
     * @return
     */
    private static int makeRowCell(List<Element> tdLs, int rowIndex, HSSFRow row, int startCellIndex, HSSFCellStyle cellStyle,
                                   List<CrossRangeCellMeta> crossRowEleMetaLs) {
        int i = startCellIndex;
        for (int eleIndex = 0; eleIndex < tdLs.size(); i++, eleIndex++) {
            int captureCellSize = getCaptureCellSize(rowIndex, i, crossRowEleMetaLs);
            while (captureCellSize > 0) {
                for (int j = 0; j < captureCellSize; j++) {// 当前行跨列处理（补单元格）
                    row.createCell(i);
                    i++;
                }
                captureCellSize = getCaptureCellSize(rowIndex, i, crossRowEleMetaLs);
            }
            Element thEle = tdLs.get(eleIndex);
            String val = thEle.getTextTrim();
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(val)) {
                Element e = thEle.element("a");
                if (e != null) {
                    val = e.getTextTrim();
                }
            }
            HSSFCell c = row.createCell(i);
            if (NumberUtils.isNumber(val)) {
                c.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(val));
                c.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
            } else {
                c.setCellValue(val);
            }
            c.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
            int rowSpan = NumberUtils.toInt(thEle.attributeValue("rowspan"), 1);
            int colSpan = NumberUtils.toInt(thEle.attributeValue("colspan"), 1);
            if (rowSpan > 1 || colSpan > 1) { // 存在跨行或跨列
                crossRowEleMetaLs.add(new CrossRangeCellMeta(rowIndex, i, rowSpan, colSpan));
            }
            if (colSpan > 1) {// 当前行跨列处理（补单元格）
                for (int j = 1; j < colSpan; j++) {
                    i++;
                    row.createCell(i);
                }
            }
        }
        return i;
    }

    /**
     * 获得因rowSpan占据的单元格
     *
     * @param rowIndex 行号
     * @param colIndex 列号
     * @param crossRowEleMetaLs 跨行列元数据
     * @return 当前行在某列需要占据单元格
     */
    private static int getCaptureCellSize(int rowIndex, int colIndex, List<CrossRangeCellMeta> crossRowEleMetaLs) {
        int captureCellSize = 0;
        for (CrossRangeCellMeta crossRangeCellMeta : crossRowEleMetaLs) {
            if (crossRangeCellMeta.getFirstRow() < rowIndex && crossRangeCellMeta.getLastRow() >= rowIndex) {
                if (crossRangeCellMeta.getFirstCol() <= colIndex && crossRangeCellMeta.getLastCol() >= colIndex) {
                    captureCellSize = crossRangeCellMeta.getLastCol() - colIndex + 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return captureCellSize;
    }

    /**
     * 获得标题样式
     *
     * @param workbook
     * @return
     */
    private static HSSFCellStyle getTitleStyle(HSSFWorkbook workbook) {
        short titlebackgroundcolor = HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT.index;
        short fontSize = 12;
        String fontName = "宋体";
        HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
        style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
        style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        style.setBorderBottom((short) 1);
        style.setBorderTop((short) 1);
        style.setBorderLeft((short) 1);
        style.setBorderRight((short) 1);
        style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
        style.setFillForegroundColor(titlebackgroundcolor);// 背景色

        HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
        font.setFontName(fontName);
        font.setFontHeightInPoints(fontSize);
        font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
        style.setFont(font);
        return style;
    }

    /**
     * 获得内容样式
     *
     * @param wb
     * @return
     */
    private static HSSFCellStyle getContentStyle(HSSFWorkbook wb) {
        short fontSize = 12;
        String fontName = "宋体";
        HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
        style.setBorderBottom((short) 1);
        style.setBorderTop((short) 1);
        style.setBorderLeft((short) 1);
        style.setBorderRight((short) 1);

        HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
        font.setFontName(fontName);
        font.setFontHeightInPoints(fontSize);
        style.setFont(font);
        return style;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String c = new String("<table id="targetTable">
" +
                "    <thead>
" +
                "        <tr align="center">
" +
                "            <th>名次</th>
" +
                "            <th>姓名</th>
" +
                "            <th>成绩</th>
" +
                "        </tr>
" +
                "    </thead>
" +
                "    <tbody>
" +
                "        <tr align="center">
" +
                "            <td>1</td>
" +
                "            <td>小明</td>
" +
                "            <td>100</td>
" +
                "        </tr>
" +
                "        <tr align="center">
" +
                "            <td>2</td>
" +
                "            <td>小红</td>
" +
                "            <td>95.5</td>
" +
                "        </tr>
" +
                "    </tbody>
" +
                "</table>");
        HSSFWorkbook wb = table2Excel(c);
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("1.xls"));
            wb.write(fos);
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

Controller类：

package com.loanofficer.web.api;

import com.loanofficer.utils.excel.ConvertHtml2Excel;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/api/excel")
public class ExcelController {

    @PostMapping(value = "/loadExcel")
    private void loadExcelGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
        try {
            req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 设置文件的mime类型
        resp.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");

        // 存储编码后的文件名
        String excelName = "name";
        // 存储文件名称
        String n = req.getParameter("excelName");

        try {
            excelName = URLEncoder.encode(n, "utf-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }

        resp.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + excelName + ".xls;filename*=utf-8''" + excelName + ".xls");

        String tableHtml = req.getParameter("tableHtml");

        // 从session中删除saveExcelMsg属性
        req.getSession().removeAttribute("saveExcelMsg");
        // 定义一个输出流
        ServletOutputStream sos = null;

        HSSFWorkbook wb = ConvertHtml2Excel.table2Excel(tableHtml);

        try {
            // 保存到文件中
            sos = resp.getOutputStream();
            wb.write(sos);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (sos != null) {
                try {
                    sos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/007sx/p/8716148.html