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  • x模式、b模式、文件其他操作、指针移动

    x模式

    '''
    x模式(控制文件操作的模式)-》了解
    x, 只写模式【不可读;不存在则创建,存在则报错】
    '''
    '''
    # with open('a.txt',mode='x',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # pass

    # with open('c.txt',mode='x',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # f.read()

    with open('d.txt',mode='x',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write('哈哈哈 ')
    '''

    b模式

    '''
    控制文件读写内容的模式
    t:
    1、读写都是以字符串(unicode)为单位
    2、只能针对文本文件
    3、必须指定字符编码,即必须指定encoding参数
    b:binary模式
    1、读写都是以bytes为单位
    2、可以针对所有文件
    3、一定不能指定字符编码,即一定不能指定encoding参数

    总结:
    1、在操作纯文本文件方面t模式帮我们省去了编码与解码的环节,b模式则需要手动编码与解码,所以此时t模式更为方便
    2、针对非文本文件(如图片、视频、音频等)只能使用b模式
    '''

    # 错误演示:t模式只能读文本文件
    # with open(r'爱nmlgb的爱情.mp4',mode='rt') as f:
    # f.read() # 硬盘的二进制读入内存-》t模式会将读入内存的内容进行decode解码操作

    # with open(r'test.jpg',mode='rb',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # res=f.read() # 硬盘的二进制读入内存—>b模式下,不做任何转换,直接读入内存
    # print(res) # bytes类型—》当成二进制
    # print(type(res))

    # with open(r'd.txt',mode='rb') as f:
    # res=f.read() # utf-8的二进制
    # print(res,type(res))
    # print(res.decode('utf-8'))

    # with open(r'd.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # res=f.read() # utf-8的二进制->unicode
    # print(res)

    # with open(r'e.txt',mode='wb') as f:
    # f.write('你好hello'.encode('gbk'))

    # with open(r'f.txt',mode='wb') as f:
    # f.write('你好hello'.encode('utf-8'))
    # f.write('哈哈哈'.encode('gbk'))

    # 文件拷贝工具
    # src_file=input('源文件路径>>: ').strip()
    # dst_file=input('源文件路径>>: ').strip()
    # with open(r'{}'.format(src_file),mode='rb') as f1,
    # open(r'{}'.format(dst_file),mode='wb') as f2:
    # res=f1.read() # 内存占用过大
    # f2.write(res)

    # for line in f1:
    # f2.write(line)

    # 循环读取文件
    # 方式一:自己控制每次读取的数据的数据量
    # with open(r'test.jpg',mode='rb') as f:
    # while True:
    # res=f.read(1024) # 1024
    # if len(res) == 0:
    # break
    # print(len(res))

    # 方式二:以行为单位读,当一行内容过长时会导致一次性读入内容的数据量过大
    # with open(r'g.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # for line in f:
    # print(len(line),line)

    # with open(r'g.txt',mode='rb') as f:
    # for line in f:
    # print(line)

    # with open(r'test.jpg',mode='rb') as f:
    # for line in f:
    # print(line)

    文件其他操作

    # 一:读相关操作
    # 1、readline:一次读一行
    # with open(r'g.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # # res1=f.readline()
    # # res2=f.readline()
    # # print(res2)
    #
    # while True:
    # line=f.readline()
    # if len(line) == 0:
    # break
    # print(line)

    # 2、readlines:
    # with open(r'g.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # res=f.readlines()
    # print(res)

    # 强调:
    # f.read()与f.readlines()都是将内容一次性读入内存,如果内容过大会导致内存溢出,若还想将内容全读入内存,

    # 二:写相关操作
    # f.writelines():
    # with open('h.txt',mode='wt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # # f.write('1111 222 3333 ')
    #
    # # l=['11111 ','2222','3333',4444]
    # l=['11111 ','2222','3333']
    # # for line in l:
    # # f.write(line)
    # f.writelines(l)

    # with open('h.txt', mode='wb') as f:
    # # l = [
    # # '1111aaa1 '.encode('utf-8'),
    # # '222bb2'.encode('utf-8'),
    # # '33eee33'.encode('utf-8')
    # # ]
    #
    # # 补充1:如果是纯英文字符,可以直接加前缀b得到bytes类型
    # # l = [
    # # b'1111aaa1 ',
    # # b'222bb2',
    # # b'33eee33'
    # # ]
    #
    # # 补充2:'上'.encode('utf-8') 等同于bytes('上',encoding='utf-8')
    # l = [
    # bytes('上啊',encoding='utf-8'),
    # bytes('冲呀',encoding='utf-8'),
    # bytes('小垃圾们',encoding='utf-8'),
    # ]
    # f.writelines(l)

    # 3、flush:
    # with open('h.txt', mode='wt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # f.write('哈')
    # # f.flush()

    # 4、了解
    # with open('h.txt', mode='wt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # print(f.readable())
    # print(f.writable())
    # print(f.encoding)
    # print(f.name)
    #
    # print(f.closed)

    指针移动

    # 指针移动的单位都是以bytes/字节为单位
    # 只有一种情况特殊:
    # t模式下的read(n),n代表的是字符个数

    # with open('aaa.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # res=f.read(4)
    # print(res)

    # f.seek(n,模式):n指的是移动的字节个数
    # 模式:
    # 模式0:参照物是文件开头位置
    # f.seek(9,0)
    # f.seek(3,0) # 3

    # 模式1:参照物是当前指针所在位置
    # f.seek(9,1)
    # f.seek(3,1) # 12

    # 模式2:参照物是文件末尾位置,应该倒着移动
    # f.seek(-9,2) # 3
    # f.seek(-3,2) # 9

    # 强调:只有0模式可以在t下使用,1、2必须在b模式下用

    # f.tell() # 获取文件指针当前位置

    # 示范
    # with open('aaa.txt',mode='rb') as f:
    # f.seek(9,0)
    # f.seek(3,0) # 3
    # # print(f.tell())
    # f.seek(4,0)
    # res=f.read()
    # print(res.decode('utf-8'))

    # with open('aaa.txt',mode='rb') as f:
    # f.seek(9,1)
    # f.seek(3,1) # 12
    # print(f.tell())

    # with open('aaa.txt',mode='rb') as f:
    # f.seek(-9,2)
    # # print(f.tell())
    # f.seek(-3,2)
    # # print(f.tell())
    # print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/0B0S/p/12504220.html
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