x模式
'''
x模式(控制文件操作的模式)-》了解
x, 只写模式【不可读;不存在则创建,存在则报错】
'''
'''
# with open('a.txt',mode='x',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# pass
# with open('c.txt',mode='x',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# f.read()
with open('d.txt',mode='x',encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write('哈哈哈 ')
'''
b模式
'''
控制文件读写内容的模式
t:
1、读写都是以字符串(unicode)为单位
2、只能针对文本文件
3、必须指定字符编码,即必须指定encoding参数
b:binary模式
1、读写都是以bytes为单位
2、可以针对所有文件
3、一定不能指定字符编码,即一定不能指定encoding参数
总结:
1、在操作纯文本文件方面t模式帮我们省去了编码与解码的环节,b模式则需要手动编码与解码,所以此时t模式更为方便
2、针对非文本文件(如图片、视频、音频等)只能使用b模式
'''
# 错误演示:t模式只能读文本文件
# with open(r'爱nmlgb的爱情.mp4',mode='rt') as f:
# f.read() # 硬盘的二进制读入内存-》t模式会将读入内存的内容进行decode解码操作
# with open(r'test.jpg',mode='rb',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# res=f.read() # 硬盘的二进制读入内存—>b模式下,不做任何转换,直接读入内存
# print(res) # bytes类型—》当成二进制
# print(type(res))
# with open(r'd.txt',mode='rb') as f:
# res=f.read() # utf-8的二进制
# print(res,type(res))
# print(res.decode('utf-8'))
# with open(r'd.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# res=f.read() # utf-8的二进制->unicode
# print(res)
# with open(r'e.txt',mode='wb') as f:
# f.write('你好hello'.encode('gbk'))
# with open(r'f.txt',mode='wb') as f:
# f.write('你好hello'.encode('utf-8'))
# f.write('哈哈哈'.encode('gbk'))
# 文件拷贝工具
# src_file=input('源文件路径>>: ').strip()
# dst_file=input('源文件路径>>: ').strip()
# with open(r'{}'.format(src_file),mode='rb') as f1,
# open(r'{}'.format(dst_file),mode='wb') as f2:
# res=f1.read() # 内存占用过大
# f2.write(res)
# for line in f1:
# f2.write(line)
# 循环读取文件
# 方式一:自己控制每次读取的数据的数据量
# with open(r'test.jpg',mode='rb') as f:
# while True:
# res=f.read(1024) # 1024
# if len(res) == 0:
# break
# print(len(res))
# 方式二:以行为单位读,当一行内容过长时会导致一次性读入内容的数据量过大
# with open(r'g.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# for line in f:
# print(len(line),line)
# with open(r'g.txt',mode='rb') as f:
# for line in f:
# print(line)
# with open(r'test.jpg',mode='rb') as f:
# for line in f:
# print(line)
文件其他操作
# 一:读相关操作
# 1、readline:一次读一行
# with open(r'g.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# # res1=f.readline()
# # res2=f.readline()
# # print(res2)
#
# while True:
# line=f.readline()
# if len(line) == 0:
# break
# print(line)
# 2、readlines:
# with open(r'g.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# res=f.readlines()
# print(res)
# 强调:
# f.read()与f.readlines()都是将内容一次性读入内存,如果内容过大会导致内存溢出,若还想将内容全读入内存,
# 二:写相关操作
# f.writelines():
# with open('h.txt',mode='wt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# # f.write('1111 222 3333 ')
#
# # l=['11111 ','2222','3333',4444]
# l=['11111 ','2222','3333']
# # for line in l:
# # f.write(line)
# f.writelines(l)
# with open('h.txt', mode='wb') as f:
# # l = [
# # '1111aaa1 '.encode('utf-8'),
# # '222bb2'.encode('utf-8'),
# # '33eee33'.encode('utf-8')
# # ]
#
# # 补充1:如果是纯英文字符,可以直接加前缀b得到bytes类型
# # l = [
# # b'1111aaa1 ',
# # b'222bb2',
# # b'33eee33'
# # ]
#
# # 补充2:'上'.encode('utf-8') 等同于bytes('上',encoding='utf-8')
# l = [
# bytes('上啊',encoding='utf-8'),
# bytes('冲呀',encoding='utf-8'),
# bytes('小垃圾们',encoding='utf-8'),
# ]
# f.writelines(l)
# 3、flush:
# with open('h.txt', mode='wt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# f.write('哈')
# # f.flush()
# 4、了解
# with open('h.txt', mode='wt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# print(f.readable())
# print(f.writable())
# print(f.encoding)
# print(f.name)
#
# print(f.closed)
指针移动
# 指针移动的单位都是以bytes/字节为单位
# 只有一种情况特殊:
# t模式下的read(n),n代表的是字符个数
# with open('aaa.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f:
# res=f.read(4)
# print(res)
# f.seek(n,模式):n指的是移动的字节个数
# 模式:
# 模式0:参照物是文件开头位置
# f.seek(9,0)
# f.seek(3,0) # 3
# 模式1:参照物是当前指针所在位置
# f.seek(9,1)
# f.seek(3,1) # 12
# 模式2:参照物是文件末尾位置,应该倒着移动
# f.seek(-9,2) # 3
# f.seek(-3,2) # 9
# 强调:只有0模式可以在t下使用,1、2必须在b模式下用
# f.tell() # 获取文件指针当前位置
# 示范
# with open('aaa.txt',mode='rb') as f:
# f.seek(9,0)
# f.seek(3,0) # 3
# # print(f.tell())
# f.seek(4,0)
# res=f.read()
# print(res.decode('utf-8'))
# with open('aaa.txt',mode='rb') as f:
# f.seek(9,1)
# f.seek(3,1) # 12
# print(f.tell())
# with open('aaa.txt',mode='rb') as f:
# f.seek(-9,2)
# # print(f.tell())
# f.seek(-3,2)
# # print(f.tell())
# print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))