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  • 激活窗体

    using System;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    internal static class Program
    {
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    private static extern int ShowWindow(IntPtr hWnd, int nCmdShow);

    // [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    // private static extern int BringWindowToTop(IntPtr hWnd);

    private const int SW_MAXIMIZE = 3;

    private static void Main()
    {
    IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)0x002A0682;

    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_MAXIMIZE);
    // BringWindowToTop(hwnd);
    }
    }





    C# WinForm 如果已经有其实例在运行,再运行新的实例就只闪一下屏幕,什么也看不到,导致不知所错。其实它的实例已经在“任务管理器”中,如果想结束它,可以按以下三个组合键 Ctrl + Alt + Del,点击其中的“任务管理器”进入Windows任务管理器,再点击“进程”页面,点选你的进程,再按“结束进程”将其结束。

      以下代码只允许 C# WinForm 运行一个实例 ,如果已经有其实例在运行,就将其窗口激活到前段显示。

    主要代码如下:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    //只运行一个实例
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Reflection;

    namespace WindowsApplication10
    {
        static class Program
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 应用程序的主入口点。
            /// </summary>
            [STAThread]
            static void Main()
            {
                Application.EnableVisualStyles();
                Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
     //1.这里判定是否已经有实例在运行
                //只运行一个实例
                Process instance = RunningInstance();
                if (instance == null)
                {
                    //1.1 没有实例在运行
                    Application.Run(new Form1());
                }
                else
                {
                    //1.2 已经有一个实例在运行
                    HandleRunningInstance(instance);
                }

            }
    //2.在进程中查找是否已经有实例在运行
            #region  确保程序只运行一个实例
            private static Process RunningInstance()
            {
                Process current = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
                Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(current.ProcessName);
                //遍历与当前进程名称相同的进程列表 
                foreach (Process process in processes)
                {
                    //如果实例已经存在则忽略当前进程 
                    if (process.Id != current.Id)
                    {
                        //保证要打开的进程同已经存在的进程来自同一文件路径
                        if (Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.Replace("/", "") == current.MainModule.FileName)
                        {
                            //返回已经存在的进程
                            return process;

                        }
                    }
                }
                return null;
            }
    //3.已经有了就把它激活,并将其窗口放置最前端
            private static void HandleRunningInstance(Process instance)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("已经在运行!", "提示信息", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
                ShowWindowAsync(instance.MainWindowHandle, 1);  //调用api函数,正常显示窗口
                SetForegroundWindow(instance.MainWindowHandle); //将窗口放置最前端
            }
            [DllImport("User32.dll")]
            private static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(System.IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);
            [DllImport("User32.dll")]
            private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(System.IntPtr hWnd);
            #endregion

        }
    }

    =======更多的网上例子见下面====

    ==1==
     
     
    • 只运行一个实例,单击程序快捷方式让程序激活到前台

    涉及类:

    1、 启动画面类:

    public class SplashForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form

    {

    private System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox pictureBox1;

    private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;

    private System.Windows.Forms.Label lbl_version;

    ///

    /// 必需的设计器变量。

    ///

    private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

    public SplashForm()

    {

    //

    // Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的

    //

    InitializeComponent();

    lbl_version.Text = "版本:" + Application.ProductVersion;

    //

    // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 调用后添加任何构造函数代码

    //

    }

    //以下省略

    2、 应用程序加载类:

    using System;

    using System.Drawing;

    using System.Collections;

    using System.ComponentModel;

    using System.Windows.Forms;

    using System.Data;

    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    using System.Diagnostics;

    using System.Reflection;

    using System.IO;

    namespace Heroic.TempAnalyse.TempGui

    {

    ///

    /// AppLoader 的摘要说明。

    ///

    public class AppLoader

    {

    private static ApplicationContext context;

    private static SplashForm sForm = new SplashForm();

    private static MainWindow mForm = null;

    //0不可见但仍然运行,1居中,2最小化,3最大化

    private const int WS_SHOWNORMAL = 3;

    [STAThread]

    static void Main(string[] args)

    {

    // [8/12/2004]用于更新该程序。

    doUpData();

    // [7/19/2004] 改变顺序,目的使得开始加载速度加快

    //得到正在运行的例程

    Process instance = RunningInstance();

    if(instance == null)

    {

    sForm.Show();

    mForm = new MainWindow();

    context = new ApplicationContext();

    Application.Idle += new EventHandler(OnAppIdle);

    Application.Run(context);

    }

    else

    {

    //处理发现的例程

    HandleRunningInstance(instance);

    //MessageBox.Show("当前程序已经运行了!");

    }

    }

    //在线更新用,不再本文范围

    private static void doUpData()

    {

    System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(Application.StartupPath+@"update.exe",Application.StartupPath+@"Heroic.TempAnalyse.TempGui.exe0");//

    }


    private static void OnAppIdle(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

    if(context.MainForm == null)

    {

    Application.Idle -= new EventHandler(OnAppIdle);

    mForm.PreLoad();

    context.MainForm = mForm;

    context.MainForm.Show();

    sForm.Close();

    sForm = null;

    }

    }

    //不允许有两个程序同时启动

    public static Process RunningInstance()

    {

    Process current = Process.GetCurrentProcess();

    Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName (current.ProcessName);

    //遍历正在有相同名字运行的例程

    foreach (Process process in processes)

    {

    //忽略现有的例程

    if (process.Id != current.Id)

    {

    //确保例程从EXE文件运行

    if (Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.Replace("/", "") ==

    current.MainModule.FileName)

    {

    //返回另一个例程实例

    return process;

    }

    }

    }

    //没有其它的例程,返回Null

    return null;

    }


    public static void HandleRunningInstance(Process instance)

    {

    //确保窗口没有被最小化或最大化

    ShowWindowAsync (instance.MainWindowHandle , WS_SHOWNORMAL);


    //设置真实例程为foreground window

    SetForegroundWindow (instance.MainWindowHandle);

    }


    [DllImport("User32.dll")]


    private static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(

    IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);

    [DllImport("User32.dll")] private static extern bool

    SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

    }

    }

    3、 加载完毕正式运行后的类:

    public void PreLoad()

    {

    // 如果已经加载毕,则返回

    if (_Loaded)

    return;

    // 把机器生成的代码放到这里

    initCustomControl();

    _Loaded = true;


    }


    // 是否加载完毕

    private bool _Loaded = false;


    protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e)

    {

    // 确保 PreLoad()函数已经调用

    if (!_Loaded)

    throw new InvalidOperationException("Must call PreLoad before calling this function.");


    }

     
    ==2==
    方法一:
    using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     using System.Windows.Forms;
     using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
     using System.Diagnostics;
     using System.Reflection;
     
     namespace WinFormStudy
     {
         static class Program
         {
     
             /// <summary>
             /// 应用程序的主入口点。
             /// </summary>
             [STAThread]
             static void Main()
             {
                 Process instance = RunningInstance();
                 if (instance == null)
                 {
                     //没有实例在运行
                     Application.Run(new Form1());
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     //已经有一个实例在运行
                     HandleRunningInstance(instance);
                 }
             }
             #region  确保程序只运行一个实例
             private static Process RunningInstance()
             {
                 Process current = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
                 Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(current.ProcessName);
                 //遍历与当前进程名称相同的进程列表  
                 foreach (Process process in processes)
                 {
                     //如果实例已经存在则忽略当前进程  
                     if (process.Id != current.Id)
                     {
                         //保证要打开的进程同已经存在的进程来自同一文件路径
                         if (Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.Replace("/", "") == current.MainModule.FileName)
                         {
                             //返回已经存在的进程
                             return process;
                             
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 return null;
             }
     
             private static void HandleRunningInstance(Process instance)
             {
                 MessageBox.Show("已经在运行!", "提示信息", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
                 ShowWindowAsync(instance.MainWindowHandle, 1);  //调用api函数,正常显示窗口
                 SetForegroundWindow(instance.MainWindowHandle); //将窗口放置最前端
             }
             [DllImport("User32.dll")]
             private static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(System.IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);
             [DllImport("User32.dll")]
             private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(System.IntPtr hWnd);
             #endregion
         }
     }
     
     
    方法二:
    using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     using System.Windows.Forms;
     
     namespace WinFormStudy
     {
         static class Program
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// 应用程序的主入口点。
             /// </summary>
             [STAThread]
             static void Main()
             {
                 bool ret;
                 System.Threading.Mutex m = new System.Threading.Mutex(true, Application.ProductName, out   ret);
                 if (ret)
                 {
                     System.Windows.Forms.Application.EnableVisualStyles();   //这两行实现   XP   可视风格  
                     System.Windows.Forms.Application.DoEvents();  
                     System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(new Form1());
                     //  frmMain   为你程序的主窗体,如果是控制台程序不用这句  
                     m.ReleaseMutex();
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     MessageBox.Show(null, "有一个和本程序相同的应用程序已经在运行,请不要同时运行多个本程序。 这个程序即将退出。", Application.ProductName, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
                     // 提示信息,可以删除。  
                     Application.Exit();//退出程序  
                 }
             }
         }
     }
     
    ==3==

    C#限制程序只能运行一個实例

      (2012-06-16 16:46:31)
     

    方法一:只禁止多个进程运行

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Windows.Forms;

    namespace DuoYeMianIE
    {
        static class Program
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 应用程序的主入口点。
            /// </summary>
            [STAThread]
            static void Main()
            {
                bool ret;
                System.Threading.Mutex mutex = new System.Threading.Mutex(true, Application.ProductName, out ret);
                if (ret)
                {
                    System.Windows.Forms.Application.EnableVisualStyles();   //这两行实现   XP   可视风格  
                    System.Windows.Forms.Application.DoEvents();             //这两行实现   XP   可视风格   
                    System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(new LamBrowser());
                    //   Main   为你程序的主窗体,如果是控制台程序不用这句   
                    mutex.ReleaseMutex();
                }
                else
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(null, "有一个和本程序相同的应用程序已经在运行,请不要同时运行多个本程序。 这个程序即将退出。", Application.ProductName, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
                    //   提示信息,可以删除。   
                    Application.Exit();//退出程序   
                }
            }
        }
    }

    方法二:禁止多个进程运行,并当重复运行时激活以前的进程

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Reflection;

    namespace DuoYeMianIE
    {
        static class Program
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 应用程序的主入口点。
            /// </summary>
            [STAThread]
            static void Main()
    {
        //Get   the   running   instance.   
        Process instance = RunningInstance();
        if (instance == null)
        { System.Windows.Forms.Application.EnableVisualStyles();   //这两行实现   XP   可视风格   
            System.Windows.Forms.Application.DoEvents();
            //There   isn't   another   instance,   show   our   form.   
            System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(new LamBrowser());
        }    
        else
        {
            //There   is   another   instance   of   this   process.   
            HandleRunningInstance(instance);
        }
    }

       
    public static Process RunningInstance()
    {
        
        Process current = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
        Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(current.ProcessName);
        //Loop   through   the   running   processes   in   with   the   same   name   
        foreach (Process process in processes)
        {
            //Ignore   the   current   process   
            if (process.Id != current.Id)
            {
                //Make   sure   that   the   process   is   running   from   the   exe   file.   
               
                if (Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.Replace("/", "") == current.MainModule.FileName)
                {
                    //Return   the   other   process   instance.   
                    return process;
                }
            }
        }
        //No   other   instance   was   found,   return   null. 
        return null;
    }
    public static void HandleRunningInstance(Process instance)
    {
        //Make   sure   the   window   is   not   minimized   or   maximized   
        ShowWindowAsync(instance.MainWindowHandle, WS_SHOWNORMAL);
        //Set   the   real   intance   to   foreground   window
        SetForegroundWindow(instance.MainWindowHandle);
    }
    [DllImport("User32.dll")]
    private static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);
    [DllImport("User32.dll")]
    private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
    private const int WS_SHOWNORMAL = 1;
        }
    }

    来自:http://fateful.blog.sohu.com/136259304.html

    ==4==

    C# 只允许运行一个实例 ,如果运行了激活它 

     
     
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Diagnostics;
     
    namespace GrabData
    {
        static class Program
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 应用程序的主入口点。
            /// </summary>
            [STAThread]
            static void Main()
            {
                Common.StaticVariables sv = new GrabData.Common.StaticVariables();
                Application.EnableVisualStyles();
                Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
     
                Process instance = RunningInstance();
                if (instance == null)
                {
                    if (sv.ReadXml())
                        Application.Run(new Main());
                }
                else
                {
                    HandleRunningInstance(instance);
                }
            }
     
            // <summary>
            /// 该函数设置由不同线程产生的窗口的显示状态。
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="hWnd">窗口句柄</param>
            /// <param name="cmdShow">指定窗口如何显示。查看允许值列表,请查阅ShowWlndow函数的说明部分。</param>
            /// <returns>如果函数原来可见,返回值为非零;如果函数原来被隐藏,返回值为零。</returns>
            [DllImport("User32.dll")]
            private static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);
            /// <summary>
            /// 该函数将创建指定窗口的线程设置到前台,并且激活该窗口。键盘输入转向该窗口,并为用户改各种可视的记号。系统给创建前台窗口的线程分配的权限稍高于其他线程。
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="hWnd">将被激活并被调入前台的窗口句柄。</param>
            /// <returns>如果窗口设入了前台,返回值为非零;如果窗口未被设入前台,返回值为零。</returns>
            [DllImport("User32.dll")]
            private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
            private const int WS_SHOWNORMAL = 1;
     
            /// <summary>
            /// 获取正在运行的实例,没有运行的实例返回null;
            /// </summary>
            public static Process RunningInstance()
            {
                Process current = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
                Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(current.ProcessName);
                foreach (Process process in processes)
                {
                    if (process.Id != current.Id)
                    {
                        if (System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.Replace("/", "//") == current.MainModule.FileName)
                        {
                            return process;
                        }
                    }
                }
                return null;
            }
     
            /// <summary>
            /// 显示已运行的程序。
            /// </summary>
            public static void HandleRunningInstance(Process instance)
            {
                ShowWindowAsync(instance.MainWindowHandle, WS_SHOWNORMAL); //显示,可以注释掉
                SetForegroundWindow(instance.MainWindowHandle);            //放到前端
            }
     
        }
    }
    ==5==
     

        互斥进程(程序), 简单点说,就是在系统中只能有该程序的一个实例运行. 现在很多软件都有这功能,如Maxthon 可以设置为"只允许打开一个窗体",还有Bitcomet等. 我也是看到这些软件的这个功能才来研究这个问题的.  要实现程序的互斥,通常有三中方式,下面用 C#  语言来实现:

    实现方式一: 使用线程互斥变量. 通过定义互斥变量来判断是否已运行实例.C#实现如下:

        把program.cs文件里的Main()函数改为如下代码:

            static void Main()
            {
                bool runone;
                System.Threading.Mutex run = new System.Threading.Mutex(true, "xinbiao_a_test", out runone);
                if (runone)
                {
                  run.ReleaseMutex();
                  Application.EnableVisualStyles();
                  Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
                  Application.Run(new Form1());
                }
                else
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("已经运行了一个实例了。");
                }
            }

      说明:程序中通过语句 System.Threading.Mutex run = new System.Threading.Mutex(true, "xinbiao_a_test", out runone); 来申明一个互斥体变量run,其中"xinbiao_a_test"为互斥体名,布尔变量runone用来保存是否已经运行了该程序事例.

    实现方式二:   采用判断进程的方式,我们在运行程序前,查找进程中是否有同名的进程,同时运行位置也相同程,如是没有运行该程序,如果有就就不运行.在C#中应用System.Diagnostics名字空间中的Process类来实现,主要代码如下:

            1,在program.cs文件中添加函数如下:

            public static System.Diagnostics.Process RunningInstance()
            {
                System.Diagnostics.Process current = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess();
                System.Diagnostics.Process[] processes = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses();
                foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process process in processes) //查找相同名称的进程
                {
                    if (process.Id != current.Id)  //忽略当前进程
                    { //确认相同进程的程序运行位置是否一样.
                        if (System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.Replace("/", @"/") == current.MainModule.FileName)
                        { //Return the other process instance.                      
                            return process;
                        }
                    }
                } //No other instance was found, return null.
                return null;
            } 

            2,把Main ()函数改为如下代码:

            static void Main()
            {
                if(RunningInstance()==null)
                {
                    Application.EnableVisualStyles();
                    Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
                    Application.Run(new Form1());
                }
                else
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("已经运行了一个实例了。");
                }
            }

    实现方式三:全局原子法,创建程序前,先检查全局原子表中看是否存在特定原子A(创建时添加的),存在时停止创建,说明该程序已运行了一个实例;不存在则运行程序并想全局原子表中添加特定原子A;退出程序时要记得释放特定的原子A哦,不然要到关机才会释放。C#实现如下:

    1、申明WinAPI函数接口:

            [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("kernel32.dll")]

            public static extern UInt32 GlobalAddAtom(String lpString);  //添加原子

            [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("kernel32.dll")]

            public static extern UInt32 GlobalFindAtom(String lpString);  //查找原子

            [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("kernel32.dll")]

            public static extern UInt32 GlobalDeleteAtom(UInt32 nAtom);  //删除原子

    2、修改Main()函数如下:

            static void Main()
            {
                if (GlobalFindAtom("xinbiao_test") == 77856768) //没找到原子"xinbiao_test"
                {
                    GlobalAddAtom("xinbiao_test");  //添加原子"xinbiao_test"
                    Application.EnableVisualStyles();
                    Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
                    Application.Run(new Form1());
                }
                else
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("已经运行了一个实例了。");
                }                       
            }


    3、在FormClosed事件中添加如下代码:

           GlobalDeleteAtom(GlobalFindAtom("xinbiao_test"));//删除原子"xinbiao_test"

    以上为创建互斥程序(进程)的基本通用的思想,个人认为,第一种方法最好。以上所有代码都在VS.NET2005 中测试通过。

    ==6==

    C#中让程序只运行一个实例(单实例运行)

    两个主流的方法。

    方法一:使用Mutex来进行

    1. 首先要添加如下的namespace:

    using System.Threading;

    2. 修改系统Main函数,大致如下:

            bool bCreatedNew;

          

            //Create a new mutex using specific mutex name

            Mutex m =new Mutex( false, "myUniqueName", out bCreatedNew );

            if( bCreatedNew )

                Application.Run(new yourFormName());

    如上面编码就可以了,要注意的一点是,在给Mutex起名字的时候,不要太简单,以防止和其他程序的Mutex重复,从而达不到所预想的效果。

    方法二:使用Process来进行

    1. 首先要添加如下的namespace:

    using System.Diagnostics;

    using System.Reflection;

    2. 添加如下函数:

            public static Process RunningInstance()

            {

                Process current = Process.GetCurrentProcess();

                Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(current.ProcessName);

                //Loop through the running processes in with the same name

                foreach (Process process in processes)

                {

                    //Ignore the current process

                    if (process.Id != current.Id)

                    {

                        //Make sure that the process is running from the exe file.

                        if (Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.Replace("/", "") == current.MainModule.FileName)

                        {

                            //Return the other process instance.

                            return process;

                        }

                    }

                }

                //No other instance was found, return null.

                return null;

            }

    3. 修改系统Main函数,大致如下:

                if( RunningInstance() == null )

                    Application.Run(new yourFormName());

    如上面编码就可以了,要注意的一点是,在判断进程模块文件名是否相等这部分的代码,是可选的。如果当前的程序在文件系统中只存在一个的话,以上的方法是可以的;否则不要删除这部分的代码。

    对比两种方法,就效率和简便性来说,前一种方法是最好的,也是我比较喜欢的;后一种方法,速度比较慢,其次通过ProcessName去系统中查寻,有可能查出来的Process并不是我想要得,虽说在后面加了文件目录判断,但是其含有潜在的问题(前面已经说出来)。不过,第一种方法也有缺陷,就是扩展性操作不方便,例如:让程序只运行一次,如果程序已经运行,把它弹出并显示到最前面。对于此,后一种方法就很有优势了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/1175429393wljblog/p/5359613.html
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