1、什么是静态路由？
静态路由是有管理员手工添加的路由条目。
通过静态路由添加的都是非直连网段
2、静态路由有什么特点？
第一：静态路由器的添加和珊瑚都需要手工完成；
第二：静态路由无法适应网络的动态变更。
The device is running! ################## <Huawei> Oct 25 2018 17:22:17-08:00 Huawei %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEt hernet0/0/0 has turned into UP state. <Huawei>sys <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sys [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]int g0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24 Oct 25 2018 17:22:55-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R1] Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on <R1> <R1> <R1>sa <R1>save The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait........ Configuration file had been saved successfully Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated <R1>################################ <R1> <R1> <R1>sy <R1>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [R1]disp [R1]display ip int br [R1]display ip int brief *down: administratively down ^down: standby (l): loopback (s): spoofing The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2 The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2 The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2 The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2 Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 12.1.1.1/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R1]disp [R1]display ip rou [R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 7 Routes : 7 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 [R1]ping 23.1.1.3 PING 23.1.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 23.1.1.3 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R1]ip rou [R1]ip route-s [R1]ip route-static 23.1.1.0 24 g0/0/0 12.1.1.2 [R1]ping 23.1.1.3 PING 23.1.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 23.1.1.3 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R1]disp [R1]display ip rou [R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 8 Routes : 8 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 23.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 D 12.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 [R1]
The device is running! #### <Huawei>sys <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sys [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]INT G0/0/0 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] Oct 25 2018 17:24:31-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R2]int g0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.1.1.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R2]quit <R2> <R2>sa <R2>save The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait......... Configuration file had been saved successfully Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated <R2>######## <R2>sy <R2>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [R2]disp [R2]display ip int br [R2]display ip int brief *down: administratively down ^down: standby (l): loopback (s): spoofing The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3 The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1 The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3 The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1 Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 12.1.1.2/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 23.1.1.2/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R2]disp [R2]display ip rou [R2]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 23.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 23.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 23.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 23.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 [R2] Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on
################################################################################ ################################################################################ <Huawei> Oct 25 2018 17:29:19-08:00 Huawei %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEt hernet0/0/1 has turned into UP state. <Huawei>sy <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sy [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]INT G0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.1.1.3 24 Oct 25 2018 17:29:55-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R3]quit <R3>sa <R3>save The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait........ Configuration file had been saved successfully Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated <R3>sy <R3>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [R3]disp [R3]display ip int br [R3]display ip int brief [R3]display ip int brief *down: administratively down ^down: standby (l): loopback (s): spoofing The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2 The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2 The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2 The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2 Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned down down GigabitEthernet0/0/1 23.1.1.3/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R3]disp [R3]display ip rou [R3]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 7 Routes : 7 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 23.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 23.1.1.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 23.1.1.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 23.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 [R3]ip rou [R3]ip route-st [R3]ip route-static 12.1.1.0 24 g0/0/1 23.1.1.2 [R3]disp [R3]display ip rou [R3]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 8 Routes : 8 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 12.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 D 23.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 23.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 23.1.1.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 23.1.1.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 23.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 [R3]