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  • DFS专题训练

    参考书籍《算法竞赛入门到进阶》

    poj2386 题目链接 http://poj.org/problem?id=2386

    注意理解题目中的所谓的池塘,记录搜索次数即可。

    AC代码:

     1 #include <iostream>
     2 #include <string.h>
     3 using namespace std;
     4 const int maxn=150;
     5 char a[maxn][maxn];
     6 int dx[8]={1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,0,0};
     7 int dy[8]={1,-1,0,1,-1,0,1,-1};
     8 int n,m;
     9 void dfs(int x,int y)
    10 {
    11     a[x][y]='.';
    12     for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
    13     {
    14         int nx = x+dx[i];
    15         int ny = y+dy[i];
    16         if (nx>=0&&nx<n&&ny>=0&&ny<m&&a[nx][ny]=='W') dfs(nx,ny);
    17     }
    18     return ;
    19 }
    20 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    21 {
    22     cin>>n>>m;
    23     int res=0;
    24     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    25     {
    26         for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
    27         {
    28             cin>>a[i][j];
    29         }
    30     }
    31     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    32     {
    33         for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
    34         {
    35             if (a[i][j]=='W')
    36             {
    37                 dfs(i,j);
    38                 res++;
    39             }
    40         }
    41     }
    42     cout<<res<<endl;
    43     return 0;
    44 }
    View Code

    hdu2553 题目链接:http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=2553

    经典深搜问题

    AC代码:

     1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
     2 using namespace std;
     3 int n,tot=0;
     4 int col[12];
     5 bool check(int c,int r)
     6 {
     7     for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i)
     8     {
     9         if (col[i]==c||(abs(col[i]-c)==abs(i-r))) return false;        
    10     }
    11     return true;
    12 }
    13 void dfs(int r)
    14 {
    15     if (r==n)
    16     {
    17         tot++;
    18         return ;
    19     }
    20     for (int c = 0; c < n; ++c)
    21     {
    22         if (check(c,r))
    23         {
    24             col[r]=c;
    25             dfs(r+1);
    26         }
    27     }
    28 }
    29 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    30 {
    31     int ans[12]={0};
    32     for (n = 0; n <= 10; ++n)
    33     {
    34         memset(col,0,sizeof(col));
    35         tot=0;
    36         dfs(0);
    37         ans[n]=tot;
    38     }
    39     while(cin>>n)
    40     {
    41         if (n==0) return 0;
    42         cout<<ans[n]<<endl;
    43     }
    44     return 0;
    45 }
    View Code

    poj2531 题目链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=2531

    题目要求两个集合中点的距离和最大,我们先假设都在一个集合,这样距离和为0,然后一个一个地往另外一个集合放,距离和变小则返回,变大继续,过程中不断更新最大值。

    AC代码:

     1 #include <iostream>
     2 #include <string.h>
     3 using namespace std;
     4 const int inf=0x3f3f3f3f;
     5 int a[25][25];
     6 int g[25];
     7 int res;
     8 int n;
     9 void dfs(int step,int sum)
    10 {
    11     g[step]=1;
    12     int num=sum;
    13     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    14     {
    15         if (g[i]==1) num-=a[step][i];
    16         else num+=a[step][i];
    17     }
    18     res=max(res,num);
    19     for (int i = step+1; i < n; ++i)
    20     {
    21         if (num>sum)
    22         {
    23             dfs(i,num);
    24             g[i]=0;
    25         }
    26     }
    27 }
    28 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    29 {
    30     while(cin>>n)
    31     {
    32         memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
    33         memset(g,0,sizeof(g));
    34         for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    35         {
    36             for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j)
    37             {
    38                 cin>>a[i][j];
    39             }
    40         }
    41         res=-0x3f3f3f3f;
    42         dfs(0,0);
    43         cout<<res;
    44     }
    45     return 0;
    46 }
    View Code

    poj1416 题目链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=1416

    预处理能被切成的情况,然后深搜,借鉴了网上的AC代码

    AC代码:

     1 #include <iostream>
     2 #include <algorithm>
     3 using namespace std;
     4 #define MAXN 10000
     5 int a,len,flag,rejected,k;
     6 string b;
     7 struct ss
     8 {
     9     int goal;
    10     string str;
    11 }score[MAXN],edge[10][10];
    12 bool dfs(int now,int ret,string tmp_str)
    13 {
    14     if (ret>a||now>len) return false;
    15     if (ret<=a&&now==len)
    16     {
    17         score[k].goal=ret;
    18         score[k].str=tmp_str;
    19         k++;
    20         flag=1;
    21         return true;
    22     }
    23     int next=now+1;
    24     for (int i = next; i <=len; ++i) dfs(i,ret+edge[next][i].goal,tmp_str+" "+edge[next][i].str);
    25 }
    26 void build_map()
    27 {
    28     for (int i = 1; i <= len; ++i)
    29     {
    30         for (int j = i; j <= len; ++j)
    31         {
    32             if (i==j)
    33             {
    34                 edge[i][j].goal=b[i]-'0';
    35                 edge[i][j].str=b[i];
    36             }
    37             else
    38             {
    39                 edge[i][j].goal=edge[i][j-1].goal*10+b[j]-'0';
    40                 edge[i][j].str=edge[i][j-1].str+b[j];
    41             }
    42         }
    43     }
    44 }
    45 bool cmp(ss aa,ss bb)
    46 {
    47     return aa.goal>bb.goal;
    48 }
    49 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    50 {
    51     while(cin>>a>>b)
    52     {
    53         if (!a&&b[0]=='0') break;
    54         len = b.length();
    55         b=" "+b;
    56         build_map();
    57         flag=rejected=0,k=1;
    58         dfs(0,0,"");
    59         if (k>1) sort(score+1,score+k,cmp);
    60         if (score[1].goal==score[2].goal&&score[1].goal!=0) rejected=1;
    61         if (flag&&!rejected) cout<<score[1].goal<<score[1].str<<endl;
    62         else if (rejected) cout<<"rejected"<<endl;
    63         else cout<<"error"<<endl;
    64     }
    65     return 0;
    66 }
    View Code

     poj2676 题目链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=2676

    九宫格,开三个数组,一个用来存同一行该数是否被用过,一个用来存同一列该数是否被用过,剩下一个用来存该宫格里是否被用过

    AC代码:

     1 #include <iostream>
     2 #include <string.h>
     3 using namespace std;
     4 int mapp[10][10];//初始图
     5 bool h[10][10];//
     6 bool l[10][10];//
     7 bool g[10][10];//
     8 bool flage=false;
     9 bool dfs(int x,int y)
    10 {
    11     if (x==9)
    12     {
    13         flage=true;
    14         return true;
    15     }
    16     if (mapp[x][y])
    17     {
    18         if(y==8) dfs(x+1,0);
    19         else dfs(x,y+1);
    20         if (flage) return true;
    21         else return false;
    22     }
    23     else
    24     {
    25         int k=x/3*3+y/3;
    26         for (int i = 1; i <= 9; ++i)//遍历1-9的9个数字
    27         {
    28             if (!h[x][i]&&!l[y][i]&&!g[k][i])
    29             {
    30                 mapp[x][y]=i;
    31                 h[x][i]=true;
    32                 l[y][i]=true;
    33                 g[k][i]=true;
    34                 if(y==8) dfs(x+1,0);
    35                 else dfs(x,y+1);
    36                 if (flage)
    37                 {
    38                     return true;
    39                 }
    40                 else
    41                 {
    42                     mapp[x][y]=0;
    43                     h[x][i]=false;
    44                     l[y][i]=false;
    45                     g[k][i]=false;
    46                 }
    47                 
    48             }
    49         }
    50     }
    51     return false;
    52 }
    53 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    54 {
    55     int t;
    56     cin>>t;
    57     while(t--)
    58     {
    59         memset(h,false,sizeof(h));
    60         memset(l,false,sizeof(l));
    61         memset(g,false,sizeof(g));
    62         flage=false;
    63         char c;
    64         for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
    65         {
    66             for (int j = 0; j < 9; ++j)
    67             {
    68                 cin>>c;
    69                 mapp[i][j]=c-'0';
    70                 if (mapp[i][j])
    71                 {
    72                     int k=i/3*3+j/3;
    73                     h[i][mapp[i][j]]=true;
    74                     l[j][mapp[i][j]]=true;
    75                     g[k][mapp[i][j]]=true;
    76                 }
    77             }
    78         }
    79         if(dfs(0,0))
    80         {
    81             for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
    82             {
    83                 for (int j = 0; j < 9; ++j)
    84                 {
    85                     cout<<mapp[i][j];
    86                 }
    87                 cout<<endl;
    88             }
    89         }
    90     }
    91     return 0;
    92 }
    View Code

    poj1129 题目链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=1129

    本题我没有使用深搜,用四色定理直接染色输出染色数即可,注意染同一颜色的是与其前被染的都不相邻才行,这是写代码时容易错的一个地方。

    附样例:

    5
    A:BE
    B:AC
    C:BD
    D:CE
    E:AD

    该样例应该输出3

    AC代码:

     1 #include <iostream>
     2 #include <string.h>
     3 #include <algorithm>
     4 using namespace std;
     5 struct node
     6 {
     7     char a;
     8     int number;
     9     bool f;
    10 }aa[100];
    11 bool mapp[30][30];
    12 node bb[100];
    13 int cmp(const node &a,const node &b)
    14 {
    15     return a.number>b.number;
    16 }
    17 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    18 {
    19     int t;
    20     while(cin>>t)
    21     {
    22         memset(mapp,false,sizeof(mapp));
    23         memset(aa,0,sizeof(aa));
    24         string ss;
    25         if (t==0) break;
    26         else
    27         {
    28             for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i)
    29             {
    30                 cin>>ss;
    31                 int len=ss.length();
    32                 aa[i].a=ss[0];
    33                 aa[i].number=len-2;
    34                 aa[i].f=false;
    35                 for (int j = 2; j < len; ++j)
    36                 {
    37                     mapp[ss[0]-'A'][ss[j]-'A']=true;
    38                 }
    39             }
    40             sort(aa,aa+t,cmp);
    41             int num=0;
    42             for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i)
    43             {
    44                 if (aa[i].f==false)
    45                 {
    46                     int kk=0;
    47                     memset(bb,0,sizeof(bb));
    48                     aa[i].f=true;
    49                     bb[kk].a=aa[i].a;
    50                     kk++;
    51                     num++;
    52                     //cout<<num<<" "<<aa[i].a<<endl;
    53                     for (int j = 0; j < t; ++j)
    54                     {
    55                         if (aa[i].a-'A'==j) continue;
    56                         bool flage=true;
    57                         for (int ii = 0; ii < kk; ++ii)
    58                         {
    59                             if (mapp[bb[ii].a-'A'][j]!=false)
    60                             {
    61                                 flage=false;
    62                             }
    63                         }
    64                         if (flage)
    65                         {
    66                             for (int k = 0; k < t; ++k)
    67                             {
    68                                 if(aa[k].a==j+'A'&&aa[k].f==false)
    69                                 {
    70                                     aa[k].f=true;
    71                                     bb[kk].a=aa[k].a;
    72                                     kk++;
    73                                     //cout<<aa[k].a<<endl;
    74                                     break;
    75                                 }
    76                             }
    77                         }
    78                     }
    79                 }
    80             }
    81             if (num==1)
    82             {
    83                 cout<<"1 channel needed."<<endl;
    84             }
    85             else
    86             {
    87                 cout<<num<<" channels needed."<<endl;
    88             }
    89         }
    90     }
    91     return 0;
    92 }
    View Code

    hdu1175 题目链接:http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1175

    注意记录转弯次数,判断是否在同一直线上,直接深搜即可

    AC代码:

     1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
     2 using namespace std;
     3 int maze[1010][1010];
     4 bool vis[1010][1010];
     5 bool flage;
     6 int dx[4]={0,0,1,-1};
     7 int dy[4]={1,-1,0,0};
     8 int n,m,q,x1,y1,x2,y2;
     9 void dfs(int x,int y,int d,int t)
    10 {
    11     if (t>2||flage) return ;
    12     if (t==2&&(x-x2)!=0&&(y-y2)!=0) return ;
    13     if (x==x2&&y==y2&&t<=2)
    14     {
    15         flage=1;
    16         return ;
    17     }
    18     for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    19     {
    20         int xx=x+dx[i];
    21         int yy=y+dy[i];
    22         if (xx<1||xx>n||yy<1||yy>m||vis[xx][yy]) continue;
    23         if (maze[xx][yy]==0||(xx==x2&&yy==y2))
    24         {
    25             vis[xx][yy]=1;
    26             if (d==-1||d==i) dfs(xx,yy,i,t);
    27             else dfs(xx,yy,i,t+1);
    28             vis[xx][yy]=0;
    29         }
    30     }
    31     return ;
    32 }
    33 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    34 {
    35     while(cin>>n>>m)
    36     {
    37         if (n+m==0) break;
    38         memset(maze,0,sizeof(maze));
    39         for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
    40         {
    41             for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j)
    42             {
    43                 cin>>maze[i][j];
    44             }
    45         }
    46         cin>>q;
    47         for (int i = 0; i < q; ++i)
    48         {
    49             cin>>x1>>y1>>x2>>y2;
    50             memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
    51             flage=0;
    52             if (maze[x1][y1]==maze[x2][y2]&&maze[x1][y1])
    53             {
    54                 dfs(x1,y1,-1,0);
    55             }
    56             if (flage) cout<<"YES"<<endl;
    57             else cout<<"NO"<<endl;
    58         }
    59     }
    60     return 0;
    61 }
    View Code

    hdu5113 题目链接:http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=5113

    注意理解题目,已经输出行末不能有空格

    AC代码:

     1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
     2 using namespace std;
     3 int visited[10][10];
     4 int a[100];
     5 int n,m,k;
     6 bool flag=false;
     7 void dfs(int x,int y,int nn)
     8 {
     9     for (int i = 1; i <= k; ++i)
    10     {
    11         if ((nn+1)<2*a[i]) return ;
    12     }
    13     if (nn==0)
    14     {
    15         flag=true;
    16         return ;
    17     }
    18     else
    19     {
    20         for (int i = 1; i <= k; ++i)
    21         {
    22             if (visited[x-1][y]!=i&&visited[x][y-1]!=i&&a[i]!=0)
    23             {
    24                 visited[x][y]=i;
    25                 a[i]--;
    26                 if (y==m) dfs(x+1,1,nn-1);
    27                 else dfs(x,y+1,nn-1);
    28                 if (flag) return ;
    29                 else
    30                 {
    31                     visited[x][y]=0;
    32                     a[i]++;
    33                 }
    34             }
    35             
    36         }
    37     }
    38     return ;
    39 }
    40 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    41 {
    42     int t;
    43     cin>>t;
    44     for (int kk = 1; kk <= t; ++kk)
    45     {
    46         flag=false;
    47         memset(visited,0,sizeof(visited));
    48         memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
    49         cin>>n>>m>>k;
    50         for (int i = 1; i <= k; ++i)
    51         {
    52             cin>>a[i];
    53         }
    54         dfs(1,1,n*m);
    55         if(flag)
    56         {
    57             cout<<"Case #"<<kk<<":"<<endl;
    58             cout<<"YES"<<endl;
    59             for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
    60             {
    61                 for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j)
    62                 {
    63                     if (j!=1) cout<<" ";
    64                     cout<<visited[i][j];
    65                 }
    66                 cout<<endl;
    67             }
    68         }
    69         else
    70         {
    71             cout<<"Case #"<<kk<<":"<<endl;
    72             cout<<"NO"<<endl;
    73         }
    74     }
    75     return 0;
    76 }
    View Code

    poj3134 题目链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=3134

    (按书上写的)

     1 #include <iostream>
     2 //#include <stdlib.h>
     3 using namespace std;
     4 int val[1010];
     5 int pos,n;
     6 bool ida(int now,int depth)
     7 {
     8     if (now>depth) return false;
     9     if (val[pos]<<(depth-now)<n) return false;
    10     if (val[pos] == n) return true;
    11     pos++;
    12     for (int i = 0; i < pos; ++i)
    13     {
    14         val[pos] = val[pos-1] + val[i];
    15         if (ida(now + 1,depth)) return true;
    16         val[pos] = val[pos-1] - val[i];
    17         if (ida(now + 1,depth)) return true;
    18     }
    19     pos --;
    20     return false;
    21 }
    22 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    23 {
    24     int t;
    25     while(cin>>n&&n)
    26     {
    27         int depth;
    28         for (depth = 0; ; ++depth)
    29         {
    30             val[pos = 0] = 1;
    31             if (ida(0,depth)) break;
    32         }
    33         cout<<depth<<endl;
    34     }
    35     return 0;
    36 }
    View Code
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