5.21学习总结——android开发实现用户头像的上传

最近在做个人头像的上传，具体是能调用摄像头和从相册进行选择。本篇文章参考的我的同学的博客，大家有兴趣可以去原作者那里去看看:

Hi(。・∀・)ノ (cnblogs.com)

1.使用glide进行图片的展示效果

关于glide

2.PermissionGen动态权限获取

关于PermissionGen

代码：

一、准备工作

1.在AndroidManifest.xml添加权限

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />

2.在build.gradle中添加依赖

dependencies {

    implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.10.0'
    implementation 'com.lovedise:permissiongen:0.0.6'

}

二、主代码

1.util工具类（toast和照片）

import android.content.Context;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class ToastUtil {
    public static Toast mToast;
    public static void showMsg(Context context, String msg){
        if(mToast == null){
            mToast = Toast.makeText(context,msg,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        }else{
            mToast.setText(msg);
        }
        mToast.show();
    }
}

Toast

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import java.io.File;

/**
 * CSDN_LQR
 * 图片选择工具类
 */
public class LQRPhotoSelectUtils {

    public static final int REQ_TAKE_PHOTO = 10001;
    public static final int REQ_SELECT_PHOTO = 10002;
    public static final int REQ_ZOOM_PHOTO = 10003;

    private AppCompatActivity mActivity;
    //拍照或剪切后图片的存放位置(参考file_provider_paths.xml中的路径)
    private String imgPath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()) + ".jpg";
    //FileProvider的主机名：一般是包名+".fileprovider"，严格上是build.gradle中defaultConfig{}中applicationId对应的值+".fileprovider"
    private String AUTHORITIES = "packageName" + ".fileprovider";
    private boolean mShouldCrop = false;//是否要裁剪（默认不裁剪）
    private Uri mOutputUri = null;
    private File mInputFile;
    private File mOutputFile = null;

    //剪裁图片宽高比
    private int mAspectX = 1;
    private int mAspectY = 1;
    //剪裁图片大小
    private int mOutputX = 800;
    private int mOutputY = 480;
    PhotoSelectListener mListener;

    /**
     * 可指定是否在拍照或从图库选取照片后进行裁剪
     * <p>
     * 默认裁剪比例1:1，宽度为800，高度为480
     *
     * @param activity   上下文
     * @param listener   选取图片监听
     * @param shouldCrop 是否裁剪
     */
    public LQRPhotoSelectUtils(AppCompatActivity activity, PhotoSelectListener listener, boolean shouldCrop) {
        mActivity = activity;
        mListener = listener;
        mShouldCrop = shouldCrop;
        AUTHORITIES = activity.getPackageName() + ".fileprovider";
        imgPath = generateImgePath();
    }

    /**
     * 可以拍照或从图库选取照片后裁剪的比例及宽高
     *
     * @param activity 上下文
     * @param listener 选取图片监听
     * @param aspectX  图片裁剪时的宽度比例
     * @param aspectY  图片裁剪时的高度比例
     * @param outputX  图片裁剪后的宽度
     * @param outputY  图片裁剪后的高度
     */
    public LQRPhotoSelectUtils(AppCompatActivity activity, PhotoSelectListener listener, int aspectX, int aspectY, int outputX, int outputY) {
        this(activity, listener, true);
        mAspectX = aspectX;
        mAspectY = aspectY;
        mOutputX = outputX;
        mOutputY = outputY;
    }

    /**
     * 设置FileProvider的主机名：一般是包名+".fileprovider"，严格上是build.gradle中defaultConfig{}中applicationId对应的值+".fileprovider"
     * <p>
     * 该工具默认是应用的包名+".fileprovider"，如项目build.gradle中defaultConfig{}中applicationId不是包名，则必须调用此方法对FileProvider的主机名进行设置，否则Android7.0以上使用异常
     *
     * @param authorities FileProvider的主机名
     */
    public void setAuthorities(String authorities) {
        this.AUTHORITIES = authorities;
    }

    /**
     * 修改图片的存储路径（默认的图片存储路径是SD卡上 Android/data/应用包名/时间戳.jpg）
     *
     * @param imgPath 图片的存储路径（包括文件名和后缀）
     */
    public void setImgPath(String imgPath) {
        this.imgPath = imgPath;
    }

    /**
     * 拍照获取
     */
    public void takePhoto() {
        File imgFile = new File(imgPath);
        if (!imgFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
            imgFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
        }
        Uri imgUri = null;

        //        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {//这里用这种传统的方法无法调起相机
        //            imgUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(mActivity, AUTHORITIES, imgFile);
        //        } else {
        //            imgUri = Uri.fromFile(imgFile);
        //        }
        /*
        * 1.现象
            在项目中调用相机拍照和录像的时候，android4.x,Android5.x,Android6.x均没有问题,在Android7.x下面直接闪退
           2.原因分析
            Android升级到7.0后对权限又做了一个更新即不允许出现以file://的形式调用隐式APP，需要用共享文件的形式：content:// URI
           3.解决方案
            下面是打开系统相机的方法，做了android各个版本的兼容:
        * */

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
            // 从文件中创建uri
            imgUri = Uri.fromFile(imgFile);
        } else {
            //兼容android7.0 使用共享文件的形式
            ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues(1);
            contentValues.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, imgFile.getAbsolutePath());
            imgUri = mActivity.getApplication().getContentResolver().insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, contentValues);
        }


        Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imgUri);
        mActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQ_TAKE_PHOTO);
    }

    /**
     * 从图库获取
     */
    public void selectPhoto() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, null);
        intent.setDataAndType(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "image/*");
        mActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQ_SELECT_PHOTO);
//        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
//        intent.setType("image/*");
//        mActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQ_SELECT_PHOTO);
    }

    private void zoomPhoto(File inputFile, File outputFile) {
        File parentFile = outputFile.getParentFile();
        if (!parentFile.exists()) {
            parentFile.mkdirs();
        }
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            intent.setDataAndType(getImageContentUri(mActivity, inputFile), "image/*");
        } else {
            intent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(inputFile), "image/*");
        }
        intent.putExtra("crop", "true");

        //设置剪裁图片宽高比
        intent.putExtra("mAspectX", mAspectX);
        intent.putExtra("mAspectY", mAspectY);

        //设置剪裁图片大小
        intent.putExtra("mOutputX", mOutputX);
        intent.putExtra("mOutputY", mOutputY);

        // 是否返回uri
        intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(outputFile));
        intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString());

        mActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQ_ZOOM_PHOTO);
    }

    public void attachToActivityForResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        if (resultCode == AppCompatActivity.RESULT_OK) {
            switch (requestCode) {
                case LQRPhotoSelectUtils.REQ_TAKE_PHOTO://拍照
                    mInputFile = new File(imgPath);
                    if (mShouldCrop) {//裁剪
                        mOutputFile = new File(generateImgePath());
                        mOutputUri = Uri.fromFile(mOutputFile);
                        zoomPhoto(mInputFile, mOutputFile);
                    } else {//不裁剪
                        mOutputUri = Uri.fromFile(mInputFile);
                        if (mListener != null) {
                            mListener.onFinish(mInputFile, mOutputUri);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case LQRPhotoSelectUtils.REQ_SELECT_PHOTO://图库
                    if (data != null) {
                        Uri sourceUri = data.getData();
                        String[] proj = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
                        Cursor cursor = mActivity.managedQuery(sourceUri, proj, null, null, null);
                        int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
                        cursor.moveToFirst();
                        String imgPath = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
                        mInputFile = new File(imgPath);

                        if (mShouldCrop) {//裁剪
                            mOutputFile = new File(generateImgePath());
                            mOutputUri = Uri.fromFile(mOutputFile);
                            zoomPhoto(mInputFile, mOutputFile);
                        } else {//不裁剪
                            mOutputUri = Uri.fromFile(mInputFile);
                            if (mListener != null) {
                                mListener.onFinish(mInputFile, mOutputUri);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case LQRPhotoSelectUtils.REQ_ZOOM_PHOTO://裁剪
                    if (data != null) {
                        if (mOutputUri != null) {
                            //删除拍照的临时照片
                            File tmpFile = new File(imgPath);
                            if (tmpFile.exists())
                                tmpFile.delete();
                            if (mListener != null) {
                                mListener.onFinish(mOutputFile, mOutputUri);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 安卓7.0裁剪根据文件路径获取uri
     */
    private Uri getImageContentUri(Context context, File imageFile) {
        String filePath = imageFile.getAbsolutePath();
        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(
                MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
                new String[]{MediaStore.Images.Media._ID},
                MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA + "=? ",
                new String[]{filePath}, null);

        if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            int id = cursor.getInt(cursor
                    .getColumnIndex(MediaStore.MediaColumns._ID));
            Uri baseUri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media");
            return Uri.withAppendedPath(baseUri, "" + id);
        } else {
            if (imageFile.exists()) {
                ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
                values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, filePath);
                return context.getContentResolver().insert(
                        MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values);
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 产生图片的路径，带文件夹和文件名，文件名为当前毫秒数
     */
    private String generateImgePath() {
        return getExternalStoragePath() + File.separator + String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()) + ".jpg";
        //        return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()) + ".jpg";//测试用
    }


    /**
     * 获取SD下的应用目录
     */
    private String getExternalStoragePath() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath());
        sb.append(File.separator);
        String ROOT_DIR = "Android/data/" + mActivity.getPackageName();
        sb.append(ROOT_DIR);
        sb.append(File.separator);
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public interface PhotoSelectListener {
        void onFinish(File outputFile, Uri outputUri);
    }
}

LQRPhotoSelectUtils

2.MainActivity

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.bumptech.glide.Glide;
import com.example.camera.utils.LQRPhotoSelectUtils;
import com.example.camera.utils.ToastUtil;

import java.io.File;

import kr.co.namee.permissiongen.PermissionGen;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    //定义控件
    private Button mBtnTakePhoto;
    private Button mBtnSelectPic;
    private Button mBtnFinish;
    private ImageView mIvPic;
    private TextView mTvPath;
    private TextView mTvUri;

    private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 0x001;
    private LQRPhotoSelectUtils mLqrPhotoSelectUtils;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //绑定控件
        mBtnTakePhoto = findViewById(R.id.btn_take_photo);
        mBtnSelectPic = findViewById(R.id.btn_select_pic);
        mTvPath = findViewById(R.id.tvPath);
        mTvUri = findViewById(R.id.tvUri);
        mIvPic = findViewById(R.id.iv_pic);
        mBtnFinish = findViewById(R.id.btn_finish);

        init();
        initListener();
    }
    private void init() {//初始化
        //创建LQRPhotoSelectUtils（一个Activity对应一个LQRPhotoSelectUtils）
        mLqrPhotoSelectUtils = new LQRPhotoSelectUtils(this, new LQRPhotoSelectUtils.PhotoSelectListener() {
            @Override
            public void onFinish(File outputFile, Uri outputUri) {
                //当拍照或从图库选取图片成功后回调
                mTvPath.setText(outputFile.getAbsolutePath());//显示图片路径
                mTvUri.setText(outputUri.toString());//显示图片uri
                //System.out.println(outputUri.toString());
                Glide.with(MainActivity.this).load(outputUri).into(mIvPic);//使用Glide进行图片展示
            }
        }, true);//是否裁剪。true裁剪，false不裁剪

        //检查权限
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED||
            ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED||
            ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, REQUEST_CODE);
        }else{
            ToastUtil.showMsg(MainActivity.this, "已经获得了所有权限");
        }
    }

    private void initListener(){//初始化监听器
        mBtnTakePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //获取权限，调用拍照方法
                PermissionGen.with(MainActivity.this)
                        .addRequestCode(LQRPhotoSelectUtils.REQ_TAKE_PHOTO)
                        .permissions(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                                Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                                Manifest.permission.CAMERA
                        ).request();
                //拍照
                mLqrPhotoSelectUtils.takePhoto();
            }
        });

        mBtnSelectPic.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 选择图片
                mLqrPhotoSelectUtils.selectPhoto();
            }
        });

        mBtnFinish.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (mTvPath.getText().toString().equals("图片路径:")){
                    // 如果一张图片都没选
                    ToastUtil.showMsg(getApplicationContext(), "您还没有选择图片呢!");
                }else{
                    ToastUtil.showMsg(getApplicationContext(), "选择图片成功:"+mTvPath.getText().toString());
                    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                    Intent intent = new Intent();
                    bundle.putString("uri", mTvUri.getText().toString());
                    intent.putExtras(bundle);
                    setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
                    finish();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                initListener();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "您已拒绝授予权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        //在Activity中的onActivityResult()方法里与LQRPhotoSelectUtils关联
        mLqrPhotoSelectUtils.attachToActivityForResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }
}

3.xml界面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_take_photo"
        android:text="拍照"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_select_pic"
        android:text="从图库中选取"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvPath"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="图片路径:"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvUri"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="图片Uri:"/>
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/iv_pic"
        app:srcCompat="@drawable/head_portrait"
        android:layout_width="300dp"
        android:layout_height="300dp"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_finish"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="完成"/>
</LinearLayout>