ansible变量

目录

• ansible变量
  • 定义变量的方式
  • 如何定义变量
• ansible变量优先级测试
• ansible层定义变量
  • facts基本用法
    • 关闭facts
    • facts生成zabbix配置文件
  • facts生成mysql配置文件

ansible变量

定义变量的方式

• 命令行
• playbook
• 主机清单

如何定义变量

1.在playbook中定义变量

#方法一：
- hosts: db02
  vars:
    pkg:
      - MySQL-python
      - mariadb-server
  tasks:
    - name: 
      yum:
        name: "{{ pkg }}"
        state: present
  
#方法二：
- hosts: db01
  vars:
     web_pkg: httpd
     db_pkg:
       - unzip
       - vsftpd
     php_pkg:
       - php-fpm
       - php
       - php-mysql

2.使用vars_files定义变量

#定义阶段
[root@m01 project]# vim vars_file.yml
web_pkg: httpd
db_pkg: mariadb-server
php_pkg: php

#调用阶段
[root@m01 project]# vim httpd.yml 
- hosts: web_group
  vars_files: ./vars_file.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Install httpd
      yum:
        name: "{{ db_pkg }}"
        state: present

3.使用ansible内置变量

vim mkdri.yml
- hosts: web_group
  tasks:
    - name: MKDIR
      file:
        path: /backup/{{ ansible_fqdn }}_{{ ansible_default_ipv4['address'] }}_{{ ansible_date_time['date'] }}
        state: directory
        recurse: yes

4.使用主机清单定义变量

#定义阶段
[webs]
zls_web01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.7
zls_web02 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.8

[webs:vars]
web_pkg=nginx

[backup_group]
backup ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.41

[db_group]
db01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.51
db02 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.52

[nfs_group]
nfs ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.31

[rsync_server:children]
web_group
backup_group

[rsync_server:vars]
web_pkg=httpd

[nfs_server:children]
web_group
nfs_group

调用变量

- hosts: zls_web01
  tasks:
    - name: Install web server
      yum:
        name: "{{ web_pkg }}"
        state: present

5.官方推荐方式

#定义阶段
#创建主机组变量定义目录
mkdir group_vars
[root@m01 ~]# vim group_vars/webs
web_pkg: httpd

#定义阶段
[root@m01 ~]# cat group_vars/webs 
web_pkg: httpd
#定义阶段
[root@m01 ~]# cat host_vars/zls_web01 
web_pkg: nginx

[root@m01 ~]# vim web.yml 
- hosts: webs
  tasks:
    - name: Install web server
      yum:
        name: "{{ web_pkg }}"
        state: present

6.命令行定义变量

#调用阶段
[root@m01 ~]# !vim
vim web.yml 
- hosts: webs
  tasks:
  - name: Install httpd Server
    yum:
      name:
        - "{{ web_pkg }}"

  - name: Install mariadb Server
    yum:
      name:
        - "{{ db_pkg }}"


#定义阶段
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-playbook web.yml -e "web_pkg=vsftpd" -e "db_pkg=unzip"

ansible变量优先级测试

- hosts: webs
  vars:
    dir: playbook_vars
  vars_files: ./vars_file.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Create Dir
      file:
        path: /opt/{{ dir }}
        state: directory

[root@m01 ~]# vim vars_file.yml
dir: vars_file

[root@m01 ~]# vim host_vars/zls_web01
dir: host_vars

[root@m01 ~]# vim group_vars/webs
dir: group_vars

测试阶段

[root@m01 ~]# ansible-playbook test.yml -e "dir=command_vars"
[root@web01 ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 19 16:48 command_vars

#2.
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-playbook test.yml
[root@web01 ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 19 16:48 command_vars
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 19 16:50 vars_file

#3.
[root@m01 ~]# vim test.yml 
- hosts: webs
  vars:
    dir: playbook_vars
  tasks:
    - name: Create Dir
      file:
        path: /opt/{{ dir }}
        state: directory

[root@m01 ~]# ansible-playbook test.yml
[root@web01 ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 19 16:48 command_vars
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 19 16:52 playbook_vars
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 19 16:50 vars_file

#4.
- hosts: webs
  tasks:
    - name: Create Dir
      file:
        path: /opt/{{ dir }}
        state: directory

[root@m01 ~]# ansible-playbook test.yml

命令行 > vars_file > playbook vars > host_vars > group_vars

ansible层定义变量

#编辑变量文件
[root@m01 ~]# vim vars_file.yml
lamp:
  framework:
    web_package: httpd
    db_package: mariadb-server
    php_package: php

lnmp:
  framework:
    web_package: nginx
    db_package: mysql
    php_package: php
    
#编辑playbook文件
[root@m01 ~]# vim test.yml
- hosts: web_group
  vars_files: ./vars_file.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Install LAMP httpd
      yum:
        name: "{{ lamp.framework.web_package }}"

    - name: Install LAMP mariadb-server
      yum:
        name: "{{ lamp.framework.db_package }}"

    - name: Install LAMP php
      yum:
        name: "{{ lamp.framework.php_package }}"
       
       
#官方推荐写法
[root@m01 ~]# vim test.yml
- hosts: web_group
  vars_files: ./vars_file.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Install LAMP httpd
      yum:
        name: "{{ lamp['framework']['web_package'] }}"

    - name: Install LAMP mariadb-server
      yum:
        name: "{{ lamp['framework']['db_package'] }}"

    - name: Install LAMP php
      yum:
        name: "{{ lamp['framework']['php_package'] }}"

facts基本用法

#编辑
[root@m01 ~]# vim facts.yml
- hosts: web_group
  tasks:
    - name: Get Host Info
      debug:
        msg: >
          Hostname "{{ ansible_fqdn }}" and IP "{{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}"

#执行
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-playbook facts.yml
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-playbook facts.yml

PLAY [web_group] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [web02]
ok: [web01]

TASK [Get Host Info] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [web01] => {
    "msg": "Hostname "web01" and IP "10.0.0.7"
"
}
ok: [web02] => {
    "msg": "Hostname "web02" and IP "10.0.0.8"
"
}

PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
web01                      : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0
web02                      : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

- hosts: webs
  tasks:
    - name: mem
      file:
        path: /opt/{{ ansible_facts['fqdn'] }}
        #path: /root/{{ ansible_fqdn }}
        state: directory

关闭facts

[root@m01 ~]# vim facts.yml
- hosts: web_group
  gather_facts: no #关闭信息采集
  tasks:

facts生成zabbix配置文件

- hosts: web_group
  vars:
    - zabbix_server: 172.16.1.71
  tasks:
    - name: copy zabbix agent conf
      template:
        src: ./zabbix_agentd.conf
        dest: /tmp/zabbix_agentd.conf

facts生成mysql配置文件

- hosts: db_group
  tasks:
    - name: Install mysql server
      yum:
        name: mariadb-server
        state: present

    - name: copy mysql  conf
      template:
        src: ./my.cnf
        dest: /etc/my.cnf


[root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr
datadir=/var/lib/mysql/
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log_error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
innodb_buffer_pool_size={{ ansible_memtotal_mb * 0.8 }}