https://support.esri.com/en/technical-article/000012711
Matching records may not appear in table view due to join validation errors.:
https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/337809/joining-my-spreadsheet-data-to-my-geodatabase-file-is-not-including-all-matching
I think you'll need to do a query table instead of a join for 1:m (one to many) joins.
https://community.esri.com/t5/geoprocessing-questions/join-error-i-have-never-seen-before/td-p/580461