osmdroid's MapView is basically a replacement for Google's MapView class. First of all, create your Android project, and follow HowToMaven if you're using Maven, or follow HowToGradle if you're using Gradle/Android Studio. This will help you get the binaries for osmdroid included in your project.
Manifest
In most cases, you will have to set the following authorizations in your AndroidManifest.xml:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
If you are only using parts of the library, you can adjust the permissions accordingly.
Online tile provider
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
Offline tile provider and storing tiles
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
Location provider
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
Android 6.0+ devices require you have to check for "dangerous" permissions at runtime.
osmdroid requires the following dangerous permissions:WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE and ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION/ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION.
See OpenStreetMapViewer's implementation or Google Documentation on Permissions
https://osmdroid.github.io/osmdroid/How-to-use-the-osmdroid-library.html
>>AppCompatActivity和Activity的区别：https://blog.csdn.net/today_work/article/details/79300181
>>Android Fragment的使用：https://www.jianshu.com/p/11c8ced79193