zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • Java学习(十)

    异常主要包括Error和Exception。前者主要是Java虚拟机运行过程中所产生的错误,后者为程序运行过程中所遇到的异常,具体有两大类:Runnable Exception和IOException两种。我们主要讨论的是Exception这种异常。

    Exception类中有三种构造函数,分别为:1.public Exception(){};2.public Exception(String message){……};3.public Exception(String message, Throwable cause){……}。cause可以在低层具体描述抛出异常的原因,message表示抛出异常的信息。

    比较常用的内部方法有:1.printStackTrace();2.getMessage();3.getCause()。方法一表示在出现异常时显示代码在栈中的位置,便于用户调试;方法二用于显示异常的信息;方法三用于显示抛出异常的底层信息。

    异常的基本形式为try{……}catch(Exception1 e1){……}catch(Exception2 e2){……}finally{……};Exception1与Exception2具有优先级的关系。前者需要为子类,后者为父类。finally的表达式为接在catch表式后,无论catch中是否为break或者return,finally均会执行完成(除非不抛出异常)。

    下面为具体例子:

     1 class ExceptionTest
     2 {
     3     private String msg;
     4     protected String str;
     5     public ExceptionTest(){}
     6     public ExceptionTest(String msg,String str)
     7     {
     8         this.msg=msg;
     9         this.str=str;
    10     }
    11     
    12     public void display(int i)
    13     {
    14         try{
    15             if(i==1)
    16                 throw new NumberFormatException();
    17             else if(i==2)
    18                 throw new IOException();
    19             str+=1;
    20         }catch(NumberFormatException en)
    21         {
    22             str+=2;
    23             return;
    24         }catch(IOException ei)
    25         {
    26             str+=3;
    27             return;
    28         }
    29         finally
    30         {
    31             str+=4;
    32         }
    33         str+=5;
    34     }
    35     
    36     public void print()
    37     {
    38         System.out.println(str);
    39         str="";
    40     }
    41 }
     1         ExceptionTest et=new ExceptionTest(){{str="";}};
     2         et.display(1);
     3         et.print();
     4         et.display(2);
     5         et.print();
     6         et.display(3);
     7         et.print();
     8 结果为:
     9 24
    10 34
    11 145

    为保证程序的正常运行,一般会在方法或者类后接throws MyException以应对异常的抛出。自定义异常的基本思想为:用户自定义一个异常,继承于Exception或Exception的某个子类。也就是说系统定义的异常为父类,而用户定义的异常为子类。抛出异常时,首先显示的信息为子类的信息,然后层层链接,直到显示出底层的信息,这可以很方便的查找出问题。

    以下为实例:NameException继承自Exception,SayHelloException继承自NameException。先判断名字是否正确,再判断年龄是否正确。如果都正确,则输出信息。

      1 import java.io.IOException;
      2 import java.util.*;
      3 
      4 class AndyException {
      5     private String name;
      6     private int age;
      7     private int n=0;
      8     String[] Name=new String[]{"Andy","Tom","Jane","Elizebath"};
      9     int[] Age=new int[]{24,23,25,22};
     10 
     11     public AndyException() {
     12     }
     13 
     14     public AndyException(String name, int age) {
     15         this.name = name;
     16         this.age = age;
     17     }
     18 
     19     public void sayHello() throws SayHelloException
     20     {
     21         int n=0;
     22         try
     23         {
     24             n=judgeName();
     25             judgeAge(n);
     26             
     27         }catch(SayHelloException she)
     28         {
     29             System.out.println(she.getMessage());
     30             return;
     31         }
     32         catch(NameException ne)
     33         {
     34             System.out.println(ne.getMessage());
     35             return;
     36         }
     37         System.out.println("Hello,"+Name[n]+" "+Age[n]);
     38     }
     39     
     40     
     41     public int judgeName() throws NameException {
     42         boolean flag = false;
     43         int n = 0;
     44         for (String temp : Name) {
     45             if (temp == this.name) {
     46                 flag = true;
     47                 break;
     48             }
     49             n++;
     50         }
     51         if (!flag) {
     52             throw new NameException("Name Error");
     53 
     54         } else {
     55             System.out.println("Name correct");
     56             return n;
     57         }
     58     }
     59     
     60     public void judgeAge(int n) throws SayHelloException
     61     {
     62         if (this.age != Age[n])
     63             throw new SayHelloException("Age Error");
     64         else
     65 
     66             System.out.println("Age correct");
     67     }
     68 
     69 }
     70 
     71 class SayHelloException extends NameException {
     72 
     73     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     74 
     75     public SayHelloException() {
     76     }
     77 
     78     public SayHelloException(String msg) {
     79         super(msg);
     80     }
     81 
     82     public SayHelloException(String msg, Exception cause) {
     83         super(msg, cause);
     84     }
     85 }
     86 
     87  class NameException extends Exception {
     88     
     89     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     90 
     91     public NameException() {
     92     }
     93 
     94     public NameException(String msg) {
     95         super(msg);
     96     }
     97 
     98     public NameException(String msg, Exception cause) {
     99         super(msg, cause);
    100     }
    101 }
     1                 AndyException ae=new AndyException("Andy",24);
     2         try
     3         {
     4         ae.sayHello();
     5         }catch(SayHelloException she)
     6         {
     7             System.out.println("Failed");
     8         }
     9 结果为:
    10 Name correct
    11 Age correct
    12 Hello,Andy 24
  • 相关阅读:
    dataset的transformations-变形记
    创建dataset的方法
    Codeforces Round #479 (Div. 3) D. Divide by three, multiply by two
    Codeforces Round #479 (Div. 3) C. Less or Equal
    Codeforces Round #479 (Div. 3) B. Two-gram
    Codeforces Round #479 (Div. 3) A. Wrong Subtraction
    GlitchBot -HZNU寒假集训
    Floyd 算法求多源最短路径
    dijkstra算法:寻找到全图各点的最短路径
    Wooden Sticks -HZNU寒假集训
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/2Bthebest1/p/8422183.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看