转载 : codingsoho.com
前言
本文主要介绍利用apache去部署Django项目，所有步骤均在本机Window7和阿里云验证通过。
配置
本例的基本配置如下：
工作目录： C:/virtualenv/zakkabag
项目名称： zakkabag
最终的安装版本如下，后面我会一步一步描述如何安装
|
操作系统 |
python |
mysql |
apache |
|
Windows Server 2016 64bit |
python 2.7.3 (32 位) python-2.7.3.msi |
32位安装版 mysql-5.5.12-win32.msi MySQL-python-1.2.4b4.win32-py2.7.exe |
32位安装版 httpd-2.2.25-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi mod_wsgi-win32-ap22py27-3.3 |
安装
Python2.7.3
- Windows x86 MSI Installer (2.7.3) (sig) http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/python-2.7.3.msi
安装路径： D:Python27 (example)
安装完成之后，记得把D:Python27加入环境变量Path，这样Python命令可以在任意路径执行
执行python命令，如果出现下面信息，说明安装已成功
C:UsersUser1>python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 10 2013, 19:24:18) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Django
Django的安装有多种方法，可以从源码安装，也可以利用pip命令安装
源码安装
文件路径； D:Django-1.5.5 (example)，这是一个很老的版本，之前用这个方法安装过，这儿仅是提供一种方法，一般我现在采用pip方法安装
安装命令:
cd D:Django-1.5.5
python setup.py install
Django会在python Lib目录下面创建新的目录： d:Python27Libsite-packagesdjango
….
byte-compiling d:Python27Libsite-packagesdjangoviewsi18n.py to i18n.pyc
byte-compiling d:Python27Libsite-packagesdjangoviewsstatic.py to static.py
……
byte-compiling d:Python27Libsite-packagesdjangoviews\__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling d:Python27Libsite-packagesdjango\__init__.py to __init__.pyc
running install_scripts
creating d:Python27Scripts
copying buildscripts-2.7django-admin.py -> d:Python27Scripts
running install_egg_info
Writing d:Python27Libsite-packagesDjango-1.5.5-py2.7.egg-info
把D:Python27Libsite-packages加入环境变量path
把D:Python27Script加入环境变量Path，这样django-admin.py可以在任意目录运行
pip安装
pip install django==1.5.5
mysql & MySQLLdb
参考mysql安装指南
Apache2.2
安装版
从官网下载apache安装包http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi，我的安装路径为d:Program Files
我之前用的版本是httpd-2.2.25-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi，官网已经找不到了，我的理解只要装同一系列应该问题就可以了。
安装完成之后，主要的路径及文件如下：
d:Program FilesApache Software FoundationApache2.2modules 组件位置，需要加载的组件放在该路径
d:Program FilesApache Software FoundationApache2.2conf httpd.conf 最重要的配置文件
D:Program FilesApache Software FoundationApache2.4logs 相关错误打印可以在下面文件找到
免安装版
下载
直接从官网http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi下载，并解压到对应目录
配置
需要将一些对应的路径替换掉，以httpd-2.2-x64版本为例，将安装文件httpd-2.2.19-win64.rar解压到目录D:/PythonWebSW
文件conf/httpd.conf
ServerRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64"
DocumentRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64/htdocs"
<Directory "/httpd-2.2-x64/cgi-bin">
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/httpd-2.2-x64/cgi-bin/"
替换为
ServerRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64"
DocumentRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/htdocs"
<Directory "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/cgi-bin">
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/cgi-bin/"
文件conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
DocumentRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
ServerName dummy-host2.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log" common
</VirtualHost>
替换为
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
DocumentRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
ServerName dummy-host2.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log" common
</VirtualHost>
安装
D:PythonWebSWhttpd-2.2.19-win64in>httpd -k install
有的时候会报错
D:httpd-2.2.19-win64in>httpd -k install
Installing the Apache2.2 service
The Apache2.2 service is successfully installed.
Testing httpd.conf....
Errors reported here must be corrected before the service can be started.
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.1.101 for ServerName
(OS 10013)An attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions. : make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down
Unable to open logs
原因及解决：有可能是系统80端口默认被占用了，可以修改conf/httpd.conf监听端口，Listen 80 修改为 Listen 8081(或其他端口号)
启动
D:PythonWebSWhttpd-2.2.19-win64in>start httpd
卸载
D:PythonWebSWhttpd-2.2.19-win64in>httpd -k uninstall
mod_wsgi
下载
注意：下载mod_wsgi.so版本需和python和apache匹配
http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#mod_wsgi
我之前下过一个对应apache22和python2.7的版本，名字mod_wsgi-win32-ap22py27-3.3，这个可以直接用，所以一直用着，网上可以直接搜到。
安装和配置
将mod_wsgi.so放到d:Program FilesApache Software FoundationApache2.2modules , 并在httpd.conf里添加
LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
httpd.conf的位置在d:Program FilesApache Software FoundationApache2.2conf
注意：apache装载wsgi模块，名字可以自定义
配置 httpd.conf
搜索http.conf文件,把"Deny from all" 及 "Require all denied" 等语句全部注释掉:
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all denied
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
</Directory>
修改为
<Directory />
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>
测试wsgi
添加test.wsgi文件，我放在项目下面的apache文件夹下，这个文件夹是专门用来放跟apache相关的配置的
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
output = 'Hello World!'
response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
('Content-Length', str(len(output)))]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return [output]
在http.conf里面引入这段代码
Include " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache /test.wsgi "
注：这儿监听端口是8081
项目配置
项目主目录
在项目目录下面创建一个文件夹apache，添加文件"django.wsgi" & "apache_django_wsgi.conf"
和test.wsgi一样，我们也可以用这个方法引入这段配置
Include " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/apache_django_wsgi.conf"
注：这些配置文件可直接写在httpd.conf文件里，但我倾向于用专门的文件，这样便于项目维护
apache_django_wsgi.conf
测试项目
WSGIScriptAlias / " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/test.wsgi"
实际项目
WSGIScriptAlias / " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/django.wsgi"
<Directory " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag ">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Directory>
django.wsgi
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] ="zakkabag.settings"
import django
django.setup()
import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()
静态资源
apache_django_wsgi.conf
Alias /static "C:/virtualenv/ zakkabag /static_in_env/static_root"
<Directory " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/static_in_env ">
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
Django的setting里
Settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
重启
配置完成之后记得重启apache
常见问题
问题1 (OS 5)Access is denied. : Apache2.2: OpenService failed
如果出现这个错误，用管理员权限打开cmd
问题2 (OS 1072)The specified service has been marked for deletion. : Apache2.2: Failed to delete the service.
将service里面的停掉
问题3ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb
原因是MysqlLdb没有安装好，具体参考mysql安装指南文章
Window 安装文件：
MySQL-python-1.2.3.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
Linux:
MySQL-python==1.2.3
生成的文件如下
MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.7.egg-info （文件夹）
MySQLdb （文件夹）
_mysql.pyd
_mysql_exceptions.py
_mysql_exceptions.pyc
_mysql_exceptions.pyo
问题4机器上可能会配置多个apache，有的时候安装新的apache时需要先把之前install的uninstall
问题5 Django: AppRegistryNotReady()
在 django.wsgi, 添加setup()
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] ="zakkabag.settings"
import django
django.setup()
import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()
参考 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24793351/django-appregistrynotready
setup()
This function is called automatically:
- When running an HTTP server via Django's WSGI support.
- When invoking a management command.
It must be called explicitly in other cases, for instance in plain Python scripts.
关注下方公众号获取更多文章
