product 笛卡尔积 (有放回抽样排列)
permutations 排列 (不放回抽样排列)
combinations 组合,没有重复 (不放回抽样组合)
combinations_with_replacement 组合,有重复 (有放回抽样组合)
>>> import itertools >>> for i in itertools.product('ABCD', repeat = 2): ... print(i) ... ('A', 'A') ('A', 'B') ('A', 'C') ('A', 'D') ('B', 'A') ('B', 'B') ('B', 'C') ('B', 'D') ('C', 'A') ('C', 'B') ('C', 'C') ('C', 'D') ('D', 'A') ('D', 'B') ('D', 'C') ('D', 'D') >>> for i in itertools.permutations('ABCD', 2): ... print(i) ... ('A', 'B') ('A', 'C') ('A', 'D') ('B', 'A') ('B', 'C') ('B', 'D') ('C', 'A') ('C', 'B') ('C', 'D') ('D', 'A') ('D', 'B') ('D', 'C') >>> for i in itertools.combinations('ABCD', 2): ... print(i) ... ('A', 'B') ('A', 'C') ('A', 'D') ('B', 'C') ('B', 'D') ('C', 'D') >>> for i in itertools.combinations_with_replacement('ABCD', 2): ... print(i) ... ('A', 'A') ('A', 'B') ('A', 'C') ('A', 'D') ('B', 'B') ('B', 'C') ('B', 'D') ('C', 'C') ('C', 'D') ('D', 'D')>>> import itertools >>> for i in itertools.product('ABCD', repeat = 2): ... print(i) ... ('A', 'A') ('A', 'B') ('A', 'C') ('A', 'D') ('B', 'A') ('B', 'B') ('B', 'C') ('B', 'D') ('C', 'A') ('C', 'B') ('C', 'C') ('C', 'D') ('D', 'A') ('D', 'B') ('D', 'C') ('D', 'D') >>> for i in itertools.permutations('ABCD', 2): ... print(i) ... ('A', 'B') ('A', 'C') ('A', 'D') ('B', 'A') ('B', 'C') ('B', 'D') ('C', 'A') ('C', 'B') ('C', 'D') ('D', 'A') ('D', 'B') ('D', 'C') >>> for i in itertools.combinations('ABCD', 2): ... print(i) ... ('A', 'B') ('A', 'C') ('A', 'D') ('B', 'C') ('B', 'D') ('C', 'D') >>> for i in itertools.combinations_with_replacement('ABCD', 2): ... print(i) ... ('A', 'A') ('A', 'B') ('A', 'C') ('A', 'D') ('B', 'B') ('B', 'C') ('B', 'D') ('C', 'C') ('C', 'D') ('D', 'D')
combinations和permutations返回的是对象地址,原因是在python3里面,返回值已经不再是list,而是iterators(迭代器), 所以想要使用,只用将iterator 转换成list 即可