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  • 20145302张薇 《信息安全系统设计基础》第10周学习总结

    20145302张薇 《信息安全系统设计基础》第10周学习总结

    学习内容总结

    • 本周的学习内容主要为实践用C语言编写linux当中的一些命令。
      1.cp
      实现过程:
      1.开启源文件
      2.创建目标文件
      3.将源文件读入缓冲区
      4.将缓冲区内容写入目标文件
      5.关闭
    
    #include        <stdio.h>
    #include        <stdlib.h>
    #include        <unistd.h>
    #include        <fcntl.h>//宏和open
    
    #define BUFFERSIZE      4096//存储器容量
    #define COPYMODE        0644//复制长度
    void oops(char *, char *);
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    int in_fd, out_fd, n_chars;//三个描述符值
    char buf[BUFFERSIZE];
    
    if (argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s source destination
    ", *argv);
        exit(1);
    }
    /*检查cp的第一个参数,要复制的文件,用open打开,in_fd为open返回的描述符*/
    if ((in_fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
        oops("Cannot open ", argv[1]);
    
    /*检查cp的第二个参数,复制的目的地址,用create在目的地址创建新文件,out_fd为open返回的描述符*/
    if ((out_fd = creat(argv[2], COPYMODE)) == -1)
        oops("Cannot creat", argv[2]);
    
    /*cp指令的动作就是读取一个文件的内容到存储器,在新的地址创建空白文件,再从存储器将内容写入新文件。*/
    while ((n_chars = read(in_fd, buf, BUFFERSIZE)) > 0)
        if (write(out_fd, buf, n_chars) != n_chars)
            oops("Write error to ", argv[2]);
    if (n_chars == -1)
        oops("Read error from ", argv[1]);
    
    if (close(in_fd) == -1 || close(out_fd) == -1)
        oops("Error closing files", "");
    }
    
    /*这个是用来输出错误信息的函数*/
    void oops(char *s1, char *s2)
    {
    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s ", s1);
    perror(s2);
    (stderr);
    exit(1);
    }
    
    

    2.ls1ls2

    • ls -l 以长格式的形式查看当前目录下所有可见文件的详细属性
    • ls -a 列出的内容包含以“.”开头的文件
    • ls -lu 最后访问时间
    • ls -s 以块为单位的文件大小
    • ls -t 按时间排序
    • ls -F 显示文件类型

    ls1代码:(最基本的ls命令)

    #include    <stdio.h>
    #include    <sys/types.h>
    #include    <dirent.h>
    
    void do_ls(char []);
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    if ( argc == 1 )
        do_ls( "." );
    else
        while ( --argc ){
            printf("%s:
    ", *++argv );
            do_ls( *argv );
        }
    
    return 0;
    }
    
    void do_ls( char dirname[] )
    {
    DIR     *dir_ptr;       
    struct dirent   *direntp;       
    
    if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
        fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s
    ", dirname);
    else
    {
        while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
            printf("%s
    ", direntp->d_name );
        closedir(dir_ptr);
    }
    }
    
    

    ls2代码:(此函数用来显示文件的详细信息:用户名,群组名,大小,创建时间,读写执行权)

    #include    <stdio.h>
    #include    <string.h>
    #include    <sys/types.h>
    #include    <dirent.h>
    #include    <sys/stat.h>
    
    void do_ls(char[]);
    void dostat(char *);
    void show_file_info( char *, struct stat *);
    void mode_to_letters( int , char [] );
    char *uid_to_name( uid_t );
    char *gid_to_name( gid_t );
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    if ( argc == 1 )
        do_ls( "." );
    else
        while ( --argc ){
            printf("%s:
    ", *++argv );
            do_ls( *argv );
        }
    
    return 0;
    }
    
    void do_ls( char dirname[] )
    {
    DIR     *dir_ptr;       
    struct dirent   *direntp;       
    
    if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
        fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s
    ", dirname);
    else
    {
        while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
            dostat( direntp->d_name );
        closedir(dir_ptr);
    }
    }
    
    void dostat( char *filename )
    {
    struct stat info;
    
    if ( stat(filename, &info) == -1 )      
        perror( filename );         
    else                    
        show_file_info( filename, &info );
    }
    
    void show_file_info( char *filename, struct stat *info_p )
    {
    char    *uid_to_name(), *ctime(), *gid_to_name(), *filemode();
    void    mode_to_letters();
        char    modestr[11];
    
    mode_to_letters( info_p->st_mode, modestr );
    
    printf( "%s"    , modestr );
    printf( "%4d "  , (int) info_p->st_nlink);  
    printf( "%-8s " , uid_to_name(info_p->st_uid) );
    printf( "%-8s " , gid_to_name(info_p->st_gid) );
    printf( "%8ld " , (long)info_p->st_size);
    printf( "%.12s ", 4+ctime(&info_p->st_mtime));
    printf( "%s
    "  , filename );
    
    }
    
    void mode_to_letters( int mode, char str[] )
    {
    strcpy( str, "----------" );           
    
    if ( S_ISDIR(mode) )  str[0] = 'd';    
    if ( S_ISCHR(mode) )  str[0] = 'c';    
    if ( S_ISBLK(mode) )  str[0] = 'b';    
    
    if ( mode & S_IRUSR ) str[1] = 'r';    
    if ( mode & S_IWUSR ) str[2] = 'w';
    if ( mode & S_IXUSR ) str[3] = 'x';
    
    if ( mode & S_IRGRP ) str[4] = 'r';    
    if ( mode & S_IWGRP ) str[5] = 'w';
    if ( mode & S_IXGRP ) str[6] = 'x';
    
    if ( mode & S_IROTH ) str[7] = 'r';    
    if ( mode & S_IWOTH ) str[8] = 'w';
    if ( mode & S_IXOTH ) str[9] = 'x';
    }
    
    #include    <pwd.h>
    
    char *uid_to_name( uid_t uid )
    {
    struct  passwd *getpwuid(), *pw_ptr;
    static  char numstr[10];
    
    if ( ( pw_ptr = getpwuid( uid ) ) == NULL ){
        sprintf(numstr,"%d", uid);
        return numstr;
    }
    else
        return pw_ptr->pw_name ;
    }
    
    #include    <grp.h>
    
    char *gid_to_name( gid_t gid )
    {
    struct group *getgrgid(), *grp_ptr;
    static  char numstr[10];
    
    if ( ( grp_ptr = getgrgid(gid) ) == NULL ){
        sprintf(numstr,"%d", gid);
        return numstr;
    }
    else
        return grp_ptr->gr_name;
    }
    
    

    3.echostate与setecho
    echostate代码:(显示输入命令是否可见。其中:echo is on:命令可见;echo is off:命令不可见)

    #include        <stdio.h>
    #include        <stdlib.h>
    #include        <termios.h>
    
    int main()
    {
        struct termios info;
        int rv;
    
        rv = tcgetattr( 0, &info );     /* read values from driver      */
    
        if ( rv == -1 ){
                perror( "tcgetattr");
                exit(1);
        }
        if ( info.c_lflag & ECHO )
                printf(" echo is on , since its bit is 1
    ");
        else
                printf(" echo is OFF, since its bit is 0
    ");
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    

    setecho代码:(用来改变输入指令是否可见。其中:输入y(或是以y开头的一串字符),命令可见;否则(即输入不以y开头的字符),命令不可见)

    #include        <stdio.h>
    #include        <stdlib.h>
    #include        <termios.h>
    
    #define  oops(s,x) { perror(s); exit(x); }
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        struct termios info;
    
        if ( argc == 1 ) 
        exit(0);
    
        if ( tcgetattr(0,&info) == -1 )          /* get attribs   */
            oops("tcgettattr", 1);
    
        if ( argv[1][0] == 'y' )
                info.c_lflag |= ECHO ;          /* turn on bit    */
        else
                info.c_lflag &= ~ECHO ;         /* turn off bit   */
    
        if ( tcsetattr(0,TCSANOW,&info) == -1 ) /* set attribs    */
               oops("tcsetattr",2);
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    

    4.fileinfo与filesize
    fileinfo用来实现显示文件信息:
    1.mode:st_mode//文件的类型和存取的权限
    2.links:st_nlin//连到该文件的硬链接数目,刚建立的文件值为1
    3.user:st_uid//用户ID
    4.group:st_gid//组ID
    5.size:st_size//文件字节数
    6.modtime:st_mtime//最后一次修改时间
    7.name: //输入的文件名
    代码如下:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    
    void show_stat_info(char *, struct stat *);
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    struct stat info;        
    
    if (argc>1)
    {
    
        if( stat(argv[1], &info) != -1 ){
            show_stat_info( argv[1], &info );
            return 0;
        }
        else
            perror(argv[1]);  
    }
    return 1;
    }
    void show_stat_info(char *fname, struct stat *buf)
    {
    printf("   mode: %o
    ", buf->st_mode);         
    printf("  links: %d
    ", buf->st_nlink);        
    printf("   user: %d
    ", buf->st_uid);          
    printf("  group: %d
    ", buf->st_gid);          
    printf("   size: %d
    ", (int)buf->st_size);         
    printf("modtime: %d
    ", (int)buf->st_mtime);        
    printf("   name: %s
    ", fname );               
    }
    
    

    用filesize计算文件的字节数大小:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    
    int main()
    {
    struct stat infobuf;           
    
    if ( stat( "/etc/passwd", &infobuf) == -1 )
        perror("/etc/passwd");
    else
        printf(" The size of /etc/passwd is %d
    ", infobuf.st_size );
    }
    
    

    5.spwd
    spwd列出当前目录的路径:

    #include    <stdio.h>
    #include    <stdlib.h>
    #include    <string.h>
    #include    <sys/types.h>
    #include    <sys/stat.h>
    #include    <dirent.h>
    
    ino_t   get_inode(char *);
    void    printpathto(ino_t);
    void    inum_to_name(ino_t , char *, int );
    
    int main()
    {
    printpathto( get_inode( "." ) );    
    putchar('
    ');              
    return 0;
    }
    
    void printpathto( ino_t this_inode )
    {
    ino_t   my_inode ;
    char    its_name[BUFSIZ];
    
    if ( get_inode("..") != this_inode )
    {
        chdir( ".." );              
    
        inum_to_name(this_inode,its_name,BUFSIZ);
    
        my_inode = get_inode( "." );        
        printpathto( my_inode );        
        printf("/%s", its_name );       
                            
    }
    }
    
    void inum_to_name(ino_t inode_to_find , char *namebuf, int buflen)
    {
    DIR     *dir_ptr;       
    struct dirent   *direntp;       
    
    dir_ptr = opendir( "." );
    if ( dir_ptr == NULL ){
        perror( "." );
        exit(1);
    }
    
    
    while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
        if ( direntp->d_ino == inode_to_find )
        {
            strncpy( namebuf, direntp->d_name, buflen);
            namebuf[buflen-1] = '';   
            closedir( dir_ptr );
            return;
        }
    fprintf(stderr, "error looking for inum %d
    ", (int) inode_to_find);
    exit(1);
    }
    
    ino_t get_inode( char *fname )
    {
    struct stat info;
    
    if ( stat( fname , &info ) == -1 ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot stat ");
        perror(fname);
        exit(1);
    }
    return info.st_ino;
    }
    
    

    6.testioctl
    testioctl获得终端设备的窗口大小:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <sys/ioctl.h>
    
    int main()
    {
    struct winsize size;
    if( isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == 0)
        exit(1);
    if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &size) < 0) {
        perror("ioctl TIOCGWINSZ error");
        exit(1);
    }
    
    printf("%d rows %d columns
    ", size.ws_row, size.ws_col);
    return 0;
    }
    
    

    7.who

    who的代码:

    #include    <stdio.h>
    #include    <stdlib.h>
    #include    <utmp.h>
    #include    <fcntl.h>
    #include    <unistd.h>
    
    #define SHOWHOST    
    
    int show_info( struct utmp *utbufp )
    {
    printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_name);  
    printf(" ");                
    printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_line);  
    printf(" ");                
    printf("%10ld", utbufp->ut_time);   
    printf(" ");                
    #ifdef  SHOWHOST
    printf("(%s)", utbufp->ut_host);    
    #endif
    printf("
    ");               
    
    return 0;
    }
    int main()
    {
    struct utmp  current_record;    
    int     utmpfd;     
    int     reclen = sizeof(current_record);
    
    if ( (utmpfd = open(UTMP_FILE, O_RDONLY)) == -1 ){
        perror( UTMP_FILE );    
        exit(1);
    }
    while ( read(utmpfd, &current_record, reclen) == reclen )
        show_info(&current_record);
    close(utmpfd);
    return 0;           
    }
    
    

    打开utmp文件,针对文件,读取想要的信息到存储器中,再用标准输出函数打印到屏幕上,关闭文件

    本周代码托管截图

    代码行数统计:

    感悟思考

    • 自己动手实践才能听懂更深层的知识。

    参考资料

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/5302v/p/6083688.html
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