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  • Spring Boot优雅地处理404异常

    背景

    在使用SpringBoot的过程中,你肯定遇到过404错误。比如下面的代码:

    @RestController
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
    public class HelloWorldController {
        @RequestMapping("/test")
        public Object getObject1(HttpServletRequest request){
            Response response = new Response();
            response.success("请求成功...");
            response.setResponseTime();
            return response;
        }
    }
    

    当我们使用错误的请求地址(POST http://127.0.0.1:8888/hello/test1?id=98)进行请求时,会报下面的错误:

    {
      "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000",
      "status": 404,
      "error": "Not Found",
      "message": "No message available",
      "path": "/hello/test1"
    }
    

    虽然上面的返回很清楚,但是我们的接口需要返回统一的格式,比如:

    {
        "rtnCode":"9999",
        "rtnMsg":"404 /hello/test1 Not Found"
    }
    

    这时候你可能会想有Spring的统一异常处理,在Controller类上加@RestControllerAdvice注解。但是这种做法并不能统一处理404错误。

    404错误产生的原因

    产生404的原因是我们调了一个不存在的接口,但是为什么会返回下面的json报错呢?我们先从Spring的源代码分析下。

    {
      "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000",
      "status": 404,
      "error": "Not Found",
      "message": "No message available",
      "path": "/hello/test1"
    }
    

    为了代码简单起见,这边直接从DispatcherServlet的doDispatch方法开始分析。(如果不知道为什么要从这边开始,你还要熟悉下SpringMVC的源代码)。

    ... 省略部分代码....
    // Actually invoke the handler.
    mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
    ... 省略部分代码
    

    Spring MVC会根据请求URL的不同,配置的RequestMapping的不同,为请求匹配不同的HandlerAdapter。

    对于上面的请求地址:http://127.0.0.1:8888/hello/test1?id=98匹配到的HandlerAdapter是HttpRequestHandlerAdapter。

    我们直接进入到HttpRequestHandlerAdapter中看下这个类的handle方法。

    @Override
    @Nullable
    public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
        throws Exception {
        ((HttpRequestHandler) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
        return null;
    }
    

    这个方法没什么内容,直接是调用了HttpRequestHandler类的handleRequest(request, response)方法。所以直接进入这个方法看下吧。

    @Override
    public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        // For very general mappings (e.g. "/") we need to check 404 first
        Resource resource = getResource(request);
        if (resource == null) {
            logger.trace("No matching resource found - returning 404");
            // 这个方法很简单,就是设置404响应码,然后将Response的errorState状态从0设置成1
            response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
            // 直接返回
            return;
        }
        ... 省略部分方法
    }
    

    这个方法很简单,就是设置404响应码,将Response的errorState状态从0设置成1,然后就返回响应了。整个过程并没有发生任何异常,所以不能触发Spring的全局异常处理机制

    到这边还有一个问题没有解决:就是下面的404提示信息是怎么返回的。

    {
      "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000",
      "status": 404,
      "error": "Not Found",
      "message": "No message available",
      "path": "/hello/test1"
    }
    

    我们继续往下看。Response响应被返回,进入org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve类的invoke方法进行处理。(不要问我为什么知道是在这里?Debug的能力是需要自己摸索出来的,自己调试多了,你也就会了)

    @Override
    public final void invoke(Request request, Response response)
        throws IOException, ServletException {
        
        Context context = request.getContext();
        if (context == null) {
            response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                               sm.getString("standardHost.noContext"));
            return;
        }
    
        if (request.isAsyncSupported()) {
            request.setAsyncSupported(context.getPipeline().isAsyncSupported());
        }
    
        boolean asyncAtStart = request.isAsync();
        boolean asyncDispatching = request.isAsyncDispatching();
    
        try {
            context.bind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, MY_CLASSLOADER);
            if (!asyncAtStart && !context.fireRequestInitEvent(request.getRequest())) {
                return;
            }
            try {
                if (!asyncAtStart || asyncDispatching) {
                    context.getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response);
                } else {
                    if (!response.isErrorReportRequired()) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("standardHost.asyncStateError"));
                    }
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                container.getLogger().error("Exception Processing " + request.getRequestURI(), t);
                if (!response.isErrorReportRequired()) {
                    request.setAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION, t);
                    throwable(request, response, t);
                }
            }
            response.setSuspended(false);
    
            Throwable t = (Throwable) request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION);
            if (!context.getState().isAvailable()) {
                return;
            }
            // 在这里判断请求是不是发生了错误,错误的话就进入StandardHostValve的status(Request request, Response response)方法。
            // Look for (and render if found) an application level error page
            if (response.isErrorReportRequired()) {
                if (t != null) {
                    throwable(request, response, t);
                } else {
                    status(request, response);
                }
            }
    
            if (!request.isAsync() && !asyncAtStart) {
                context.fireRequestDestroyEvent(request.getRequest());
            }
        } finally {
            // Access a session (if present) to update last accessed time, based
            // on a strict interpretation of the specification
            if (ACCESS_SESSION) {
                request.getSession(false);
            }
            context.unbind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, MY_CLASSLOADER);
        }
      }
    

    这个方法会根据返回的响应判断是不是发生了错了,如果发生了error,则进入StandardHostValve的status(Request request, Response response)方法。这个方法“兜兜转转”又进入了StandardHostValve的custom(Request request, Response response,ErrorPage errorPage)方法。这个方法中将请求重新forward到了"/error"接口。

     private boolean custom(Request request, Response response,
                                 ErrorPage errorPage) {
    
            if (container.getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
                container.getLogger().debug("Processing " + errorPage);
            }
            try {
                // Forward control to the specified location
                ServletContext servletContext =
                    request.getContext().getServletContext();
                RequestDispatcher rd =
                    servletContext.getRequestDispatcher(errorPage.getLocation());
                if (rd == null) {
                    container.getLogger().error(
                        sm.getString("standardHostValue.customStatusFailed", errorPage.getLocation()));
                    return false;
                }
                if (response.isCommitted()) {
                    rd.include(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse());
                } else {
                    // Reset the response (keeping the real error code and message)
                    response.resetBuffer(true);
                    response.setContentLength(-1);
                    // 1: 重新forward请求到/error接口
                    rd.forward(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse());
                    response.setSuspended(false);
                }
                return true;
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                container.getLogger().error("Exception Processing " + errorPage, t);
                return false;
            }
        }
    

    上面标号1处的代码重新将请求forward到了/error接口。所以如果我们开着Debug日志的话,你会在后台看到下面的日志。

    [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:891 - DispatcherServlet with name 'dispatcherServlet' processing POST request for [/error]
    2020-11-19 19:04:04.280 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping:313 - Looking up handler method for path /error
    2020-11-19 19:04:04.281 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping:320 - Returning handler method [public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)]
    2020-11-19 19:04:04.281 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory:255 - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'basicErrorController'
    

    上面是/error的请求日志。到这边还是没说明为什么能返回json格式的404返回格式。我们继续往下看。

    到这边为止,我们好像没有任何线索了。但是如果仔细看上面日志的话,你会发现这个接口的处理方法是:

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)]
    

    我们打开BasicErrorController这个类的源代码,一切豁然开朗。

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
    public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
        @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
        public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
                HttpServletResponse response) {
            HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
            Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                    request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
            response.setStatus(status.value());
            ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
            return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
        }
    
        @RequestMapping
        @ResponseBody
        public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
            Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
                    isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
            HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
            return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
        }
        ... 省略部分方法
    }
    

    BasicErrorController是Spring默认配置的一个Controller,默认处理/error请求。BasicErrorController提供两种返回错误一种是页面返回、当你是页面请求的时候就会返回页面,另外一种是json请求的时候就会返回json错误。

    自定义404错误处理类

    我们先看下BasicErrorController是在哪里进行配置的。

    在IDEA中,查看BasicErrorController的usage,我们发现这个类是在ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration中自动配置的。

    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class })
    // Load before the main WebMvcAutoConfiguration so that the error View is available
    @AutoConfigureBefore(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class)
    @EnableConfigurationProperties({ ServerProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
    public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {
        
        @Bean
    	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    	public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
    		return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
    				this.errorViewResolvers);
    	}
    	... 省略部分代码
    }
    

    从上面的配置中可以看出来,只要我们自己配置一个ErrorController,就可以覆盖掉BasicErrorController的行为。

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
    public class CustomErrorController extends BasicErrorController {
    
        @Value("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
        private String path;
    
        public CustomErrorController(ServerProperties serverProperties) {
            super(new DefaultErrorAttributes(), serverProperties.getError());
        }
    
        /**
         * 覆盖默认的JSON响应
         */
        @Override
        public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
    
            HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
            Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);
            Map<String, Object> originalMsgMap = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
            String path = (String)originalMsgMap.get("path");
            String error = (String)originalMsgMap.get("error");
            String message = (String)originalMsgMap.get("message");
            StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",","[","]");
            joiner.add(path).add(error).add(message);
            map.put("rtnCode", "9999");
            map.put("rtnMsg", joiner.toString());
            return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(map, status);
        }
    
        /**
         * 覆盖默认的HTML响应
         */
        @Override
        public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
            //请求的状态
            HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
            response.setStatus(getStatus(request).value());
            Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(request,
                    isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));
            ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
            //指定自定义的视图
            return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
        }
    }
    

    默认的错误路径是/error,我们可以通过以下配置进行覆盖:

    server:
      error:
        path: /xxx
    

    更详细的内容请参考Spring Boot的章节。

    简单总结

    • 如果在过滤器(Filter)中发生异常,或者调用的接口不存在,Spring会直接将Response的errorStatus状态设置成1,将http响应码设置为500或者404,Tomcat检测到errorStatus为1时,会将请求重现forward到/error接口;
    • 如果请求已经进入了Controller的处理方法,这时发生了异常,如果没有配置Spring的全局异常机制,那么请求还是会被forward到/error接口,如果配置了全局异常处理,Controller中的异常会被捕获;
    • 继承BasicErrorController就可以覆盖原有的错误处理方式。
    人生的主旋律其实是苦难,快乐才是稀缺资源。在困难中寻找快乐,才显得珍贵~
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/54chensongxia/p/14007696.html
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