android中联系人 以及 ContactsContract类

1.加入读写权限

1. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
2. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" />

联系人信息Uri：

content://com.android.contacts/contacts

联系人电话Uri：

content://com.android.contacts/data/phones

联系人Email Uri：

content://com.android.contacts/data/emails 

（推荐）也可以这样获取联系人信息Uri：Uri uri = ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI;

2.查询与添加联系人的操作（单元测试用例）

public class ContactTest extends AndroidTestCase
{
    private static final String TAG = "ContactTest";
    public void testGetAllContact() throws Throwable
    {
        //获取联系人信息的Uri
        Uri uri = ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
        //获取ContentResolver
        ContentResolver contentResolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
        //查询数据，返回Cursor
        Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
        while(cursor.moveToNext())
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            //获取联系人的ID
            String contactId = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));
            //获取联系人的姓名
            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME));
            //构造联系人信息
            sb.append("contactId=").append(contactId).append(",Name=").append(name);
            //查询电话类型的数据操作
            Cursor phones = contentResolver.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,
            null,
            ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID +" = "+ contactId,
            null, null);
            while(phones.moveToNext())
            {
                String phoneNumber = phones.getString(phones.getColumnIndex(
                ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
                //添加Phone的信息
                sb.append(",Phone=").append(phoneNumber);
            }
            phones.close();
            //查询Email类型的数据操作
            Cursor emails = contentResolver.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTENT_URI,
            null,
            ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTACT_ID + " = " + contactId,
            null, null);
            while (emails.moveToNext())
            {
                String emailAddress = emails.getString(emails.getColumnIndex(
                ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.DATA));
                //添加Email的信息
                sb.append(",Email=").append(emailAddress);
            }
            emails.close();
            Log.i(TAG, sb.toString());
        }
        cursor.close();
    }


    public void testInsert()
    {
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        //首先向RawContacts.CONTENT_URI执行一个空值插入，目的是获取系统返回的rawContactId
        Uri rawContactUri = this.getContext().getContentResolver().insert(RawContacts.CONTENT_URI, values);
        //获取id
        long rawContactId = ContentUris.parseId(rawContactUri);
        //往data表入姓名数据
        values.clear();
        values.put(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, rawContactId); //添加id
        values.put(Data.MIMETYPE, StructuredName.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE);//添加内容类型（MIMETYPE）
        values.put(StructuredName.GIVEN_NAME, "凯风自南");//添加名字，添加到first name位置
        this.getContext().getContentResolver().insert(android.provider.ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI, values);
        //往data表入电话数据
        values.clear();
        values.put(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, rawContactId);
        values.put(Data.MIMETYPE, Phone.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE);
        values.put(Phone.NUMBER, "13921009789");
        values.put(Phone.TYPE, Phone.TYPE_MOBILE);
        this.getContext().getContentResolver().insert(android.provider.ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI, values);
        //往data表入Email数据
        values.clear();
        values.put(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, rawContactId);
        values.put(Data.MIMETYPE, Email.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE);
        values.put(Email.DATA, "kesenhoo@gmail.com");
        values.put(Email.TYPE, Email.TYPE_WORK);
        this.getContext().getContentResolver().insert(android.provider.ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI, values);
    }


    public void testSave() throws Throwable
    {
        //官方文档位置：reference/android/provider/ContactsContract.RawContacts.html
        //建立一个ArrayList存放批量的参数
        ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> ops = new ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation>();
        int rawContactInsertIndex = ops.size();
        ops.add(ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(RawContacts.CONTENT_URI)
        .withValue(RawContacts.ACCOUNT_TYPE, null)
        .withValue(RawContacts.ACCOUNT_NAME, null)
        .build());
        //官方文档位置：reference/android/provider/ContactsContract.Data.html
        //withValueBackReference后退引用前面联系人的id
        ops.add(ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(android.provider.ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI)
        .withValueBackReference(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, rawContactInsertIndex)
        .withValue(Data.MIMETYPE, StructuredName.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE)
        .withValue(StructuredName.GIVEN_NAME, "小明")
        .build());
        ops.add(ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(android.provider.ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI)
        .withValueBackReference(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, rawContactInsertIndex)
        .withValue(Data.MIMETYPE, Phone.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE)
        .withValue(Phone.NUMBER, "13671323809")
        .withValue(Phone.TYPE, Phone.TYPE_MOBILE)
        .withValue(Phone.LABEL, "手机号")
        .build());
        ops.add(ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(android.provider.ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI)
        .withValueBackReference(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, rawContactInsertIndex)
        .withValue(Data.MIMETYPE, Email.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE)
        .withValue(Email.DATA, "kesen@gmail.com")
        .withValue(Email.TYPE, Email.TYPE_WORK)
        .build());
        ContentProviderResult[] results = this.getContext().getContentResolver()
        .applyBatch(ContactsContract.AUTHORITY, ops);
        for(ContentProviderResult result : results)
        {
        Log.i(TAG, result.uri.toString());
        }
}

ContactsContract类

从Android 2.0 SDK开始有关联系人provider的类变成了ContactsContract，虽然老的android.provider.Contacts能用，但是在SDK中标记为为deprecated将被放弃不推荐的方法，而从Android 2.0及API Level为5开始新增了android.provider.ContactsContract来代替原来的方法。不过Android123表示大家做两手准备，毕竟目前70%的设备以及Ophone 1.0和1.5均不支持ContactsContract。

ContactsContract.Contacts中的所有字段

ContactsContract.Contracts实现了4个接口，并从4个接口中，继承了不同的字段，一共有23个如下：

1. ContactsContract.Contacts.TIMES_CONTACTED ="times_contacted"
The number of times a contact has been contacted
2. ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS ="contact_status"
Contact's latest status update.
3. ContactsContract.Contacts.CUSTOM_RINGTONE ="custom_ringtone"
URI for a custom ringtone associated with the contact. Ifnull or missing, the default ringtone is used.
4. ContactsContract.Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER ="has_phone_number"
An indicator of whether this contact has at least one phonenumber. "1" if there is at least one phone number, "0"otherwise.
5. ContactsContract.Contacts.PHONETIC_NAME = "phonetic_name"
Pronunciation of the full name in the phonetic alphabetspecified by PHONETIC_NAME_STYLE.
6. ContactsContract.Contacts.PHONETIC_NAME_STYLE ="phonetic_name_style"
The phonetic alphabet used to represent the PHONETIC_NAME.See PhoneticNameStyle.
7. ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS_LABEL ="contact_status_label"
The resource ID of the label describing the source ofcontact status, e.g. "Google Talk". This resource is scoped by theCONTACT_STATUS_RES_PACKAGE.
8. ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY = "lookup"
An opaque value that contains hints on how to find thecontact if its row id changed as a result of a sync or aggregation.
9. ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS_ICON ="contact_status_icon"
The resource ID of the icon for the source of contactstatus. This resource is scoped by the
CONTACT_STATUS_RES_PACKAGE.
10. ContactsContract.Contacts.LAST_TIME_CONTACTED= "last_time_contacted"
The last time a contact was contacted.
11. ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME= "display_name"
The display name for the contact.
12. ContactsContract.Contacts.SORT_KEY_ALTERNATIVE= "sort_key_alt"
Sort key based on the alternative representation of thefull name, DISPLAY_NAME_ALTERNATIVE. Thus for Western names, it is the oneusing the "family name first" format.
13. ContactsContract.Contacts.IN_VISIBLE_GROUP= "in_visible_group"
Lookup value that reflects the GROUP_VISIBLE state of anyContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.GroupMembership for this contact.
14. ContactsContract.Contacts._ID= "_id"
The unique ID for a row.
15. ContactsContract.Contacts.STARRED= "starred"
Is the contact starred?
16. ContactsContract.Contacts.SORT_KEY_PRIMARY= "sort_key"
Sort key that takes into account locale-based traditionsfor sorting names in address books.
17. ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME_ALTERNATIVE= "display_name_alt"
An alternative representation of the display name, such as"family name first" instead of "given name first" forWestern names. If an alternative is not available, the values should be thesame as DISPLAY_NAME_PRIMARY
18. ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTACT_PRESENCE= "contact_presence"
Contact presence status. See ContactsContract.StatusUpdatesfor individual status definitions.
19. ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME_SOURCE= "display_name_source"
The kind of data that is used as the display name for thecontact, such as structured name or email address. See DisplayNameSources.TODO: convert DisplayNameSources to a link after it is un-hidden
20. ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS_RES_PACKAGE= "contact_status_res_package"
The package containing resources for this status: label andicon.
21. ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS_TIMESTAMP= "contact_status_ts"
The absolute time in milliseconds when the latest statuswas inserted/updated.
22. ContactsContract.Contacts.PHOTO_ID= "photo_id"
Reference to the row in the data table holding the photo.
23. ContactsContract.Contacts.SEND_TO_VOICEMAIL= "send_to_voicemail"
Whether the contact should always be sent to voicemail. Ifmissing, defaults to false

可以用以下方法，列出ContactsContract.Contacts中的所有字段：

privatevoidlistColumnNames()
{
private Uri contactUri =ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
ContentResolver resolver = this.getContentResolver();
Cursor cursor =resolver.query(contactUri, null,null, null,null);
int columnNumber = cursor.getColumnCount();
for(int i = 0; i <columnNumber; i++)
{
String temp =cursor.getColumnName(i);
Log.e("listColumnNames","" + i + "\t" + temp);
}
cursor.close();
}