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  • Docker Compose

    部署一个应用可能需要用到多个Docker容器,比如MySQL,Redis,Nginx等,单独的去管理每个容器可能会比较麻烦。Docker Compose可以通过一个yml文件来统一管理这些容器,可以极大简化我们的应用部署过程。这里以部署WordPress为例,介绍如何使用Docker Compose去统一管理多个Docker容器。

    先来看看不用Docker Compose时部署WordPress的步骤。

    Docker部署WordPress

    安装MySQL

    Docker拉取MySQL镜像:

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    docker pull mysql:5.7.25

    创建MySQL容器:

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    docker run -d --name mysql -v mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpres s -p 3306:3306 mysql:5.7.25

    安装WordPress

    Docker拉取WordPress镜像:

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    docker pull wordpress

    创建WordPress容器:

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    docker run -d -p 8080:80 --link mysql -e WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=mysql:3306 -e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=root -e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=123456 -e WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=wordpress wordpress

    查看是否成功:

    QQ截图20190412224456.png

    Docker Compose部署WordPress

    接下来看一下如何使用Docker Compose部署WordPress。在此之前,我们需要先删除上面创建的两个容器,然后安装Docker Compose,安装教程:https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/

    查看是否安装成功:

    QQ截图20190412224752.png

    编写一个docker-compose.yml:

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    vim docker-compose.yml

    内容如下:

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    version: '3'

    services:
    wordpress:
    image: wordpress
    ports:
    - 8080:80
    environment:
    WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: mysql:3306
    WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
    WORDPRESS_DB_USER: root
    WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: 123456
    networks:
    - my-bridge

    mysql:
    image: mysql:5.7.25
    ports:
    - 3306:3306
    environment:
    MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
    MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
    volumes:
    - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
    - my-bridge

    volumes:
    mysql-data:

    networks:
    my-bridge:
    driver: bridge

    然后执行命令docker-compose up -d运行:

    QQ截图20190412230554.png

    查看WordPress是否部署成功:

    QQ截图20190412224456.png

    docker-compose.yml

    上面例子中我们通过一个docker-compose.yml文件,运行docker-compose up命令一次性创建了两个容器:

    docker-compose-by-aanand-prasad-5-6382.png

    docker-compose.yml一般包含三个部分:services、networks和volumes。

    services

    一个service代表一个container,可以从Docker Hub的image创建,也可以通过本地的dockerfile创建的image来创建。

    service类似于docker rundocker run支持的选项 service也可以用。

    举两个例子:

    基于镜像:

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    services:
    db:
    image: mysql:5.7.25
    volumes:
    - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
    - my-bridge

    类似于命令:

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    docker run -d --network my-bridge -v mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql mysql:5.7.25

    基于dockerfile:

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    services:
    worker:
    build: ./worker
    links:
    - db
    - redis
    networks:
    - my-bridge

    基于当前目录下worker/文件夹里的dockerfile构建container。

    networks

    一个networks的例子:

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    networks:
    my-bridge:
    driver: bridge

    等价于:

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    docker network create -d bridge my-bridge

    volumes

    一个volumes的例子:

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    volumes:
    mysql-data:

    等价于

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    docker volume create mysql-data

    现在回头看看刚刚的yml文件:

    QQ截图20190413104017.png

    version: 3表示基于第三版本docker-compose.yml语法构建,然后创建了两个容器wordpress和mysql,一个volume——mysql-data,一个network,名称为my-bridge,采用bridge网络模式。

    在wordpress的定义中,使用image指定了基于wordpress镜像构建,ports进行端口映射,environment配置了wordpress镜像支持的环境变量,指定网络为my-bridge。

    mysql的定义和wordpress类似,不再赘述。

    更多docker-compose.yml支持的命令可以参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/2217cfed29d7

    docker-compose命令

    看看docker-compose支持哪些命令:

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    [root@mrbird vagrant]# docker-compose
    Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.

    Usage:
    docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
    docker-compose -h|--help

    Options:
    -f, --file FILE Specify an alternate compose file
    (default: docker-compose.yml)
    -p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name
    (default: directory name)
    --verbose Show more output
    --log-level LEVEL Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
    --no-ansi Do not print ANSI control characters
    -v, --version Print version and exit
    -H, --host HOST Daemon socket to connect to

    --tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
    --tlscacert CA_PATH Trust certs signed only by this CA
    --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH Path to TLS certificate file
    --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH Path to TLS key file
    --tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
    --skip-hostname-check Don't check the daemon's hostname against the
    name specified in the client certificate
    --project-directory PATH Specify an alternate working directory
    (default: the path of the Compose file)
    --compatibility If set, Compose will attempt to convert keys
    in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent

    Commands:
    build Build or rebuild services
    bundle Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
    config Validate and view the Compose file
    create Create services
    down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
    events Receive real time events from containers
    exec Execute a command in a running container
    help Get help on a command
    images List images
    kill Kill containers
    logs View output from containers
    pause Pause services
    port Print the public port for a port binding
    ps List containers
    pull Pull service images
    push Push service images
    restart Restart services
    rm Remove stopped containers
    run Run a one-off command
    scale Set number of containers for a service
    start Start services
    stop Stop services
    top Display the running processes
    unpause Unpause services
    up Create and start containers
    version Show the Docker-Compose version information

    查看运行中的容器:

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    docker-compose ps

    停止:

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    docker-compose stop

    启动:

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    docker-compose start

    停止并删除(删除创建的network,volume,container):

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    docker-compose down
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/7788IT/p/11426528.html
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