1，数据库关系图
##用例1：查询数据
#01.查询QQ号码为54789625的所有好友信息，包括QQ号码，昵称，年龄
select RelationQQID as QQ号码,NickName as 昵称,Age as 年龄
from BaseInfo,Relation
where BaseInfo.QQID=Relation.RelationQQID
and Relation.QQID=54789625
and RelationStatus=0 或者1
#02.查询当前在线用户的信息
SELECT NickName,Province FROM
BaseInfo,QQUser
WHERE BaseInfo.QQID=QQUser.QQID AND Online=0
#03.查询北京的、年龄在18至45岁之间的在线用户的信息
SELECT NickName,Province FROM
BaseInfo,QQUser
WHERE BaseInfo.QQID=QQUser.QQID
AND BaseInfo.Province LIKE '%北京%'
AND BaseInfo.Age BETWEEN 18 AND 45
AND Online=0
#04.查询昵称为青青草的用户信息
SELECT NickName,Province,City,Address
FROM BaseInfo
WHERE NickName='青青草'
#05.查询QQ号码为54789625的用户的好友中每个省份的总人数，并且总人数按由大到小排序。
SELECT BaseInfo.Province,COUNT(*) AS 总人数 FROM Relation,BaseInfo
WHERE Relation.RelationQQID=BaseInfo.QQID
AND Relation.RelationStatus=0
AND Relation.QQID=54789625
GROUP BY BaseInfo.Province
ORDER BY 总人数 DESC
#06.查询至少有150天未登录QQ账号的用户信息，包括QQ号码，最后一次登录时间、等级、昵称、年龄，并按时间的降序排列
SELECT QQUser.QQID,QQUser.LastLogTime,QQUser.Level,BaseInfo.NickName,BaseInfo.Age
FROM BaseInfo,QQUser
WHERE BaseInfo.QQID=QQUser.QQID
AND DATEDIFF(NOW(),lastLogTime)>=150
ORDER BY DATEDIFF(NOW(),lastLogTime) DESC
#07.查询QQ号码为54789625的好友中等级为10级以上的“月亮”级用户信息。
SELECT NickName,Province
FROM QQUser,Relation,BaseInfo
WHERE Relation.RelationQQID=BaseInfo.QQID
AND Relation.QQID=54789625
AND Relation.RelationStatus=0
AND Relation.RelationQQID=QQUser.QQID
AND QQUser.Level>=10
#08.--查询QQ号码为54789625的好友中隐身的用户信息。
SELECT NickName,province
FROM Relation INNER JOIN BaseInfo
ON Relation.RelationQQID=BaseInfo.QQID
AND Relation.QQID=54789625
INNER JOIN QQUser
ON QQUser.QQID=RelationQQID
AND Online=2 #2代表隐身
AND Relation.RelationStatus=0 #0代表好友
#09.--查询好友超过20个的用户信息。
SELECT Nickname,province
FROM BaseInfo WHERE QQID IN
(SELECT QQID
FROM Relation
WHERE RelationStatus=0
GROUP BY QQID
HAVING COUNT(*)>20
)
#10.为了查看信誉度，管理员需要查询被当做黑名单人物次数排名前3的用户
SELECT RelationQQID,COUNT(*) AS 次数
FROM Relation
WHERE RelationStatus=1
GROUP BY RelationQQID
ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC
LIMIT 3
##用例2：修改数据
#01.假设我的QQ号码为8855678，今天我隐身登录
UPDATE QQUser SET Online=2,LastLogTime=NOW()
WHERE QQID=8855678
#02.假设我的QQ号码为8855678，修改我的昵称为“被淹死的鱼”，地址为“解放中路号院123室”
UPDATE BaseInfo SET NickName='被淹死的鱼',Address='解放中路号院室'
WHERE QQID=8855678
#03.假设我的QQ号码为54789625，将我的好友“青青草”拖进黑名单。
UPDATE Relation SET RelationStatus=1
WHERE QQID=54789625 AND RelationQQID=88662753
#04.为了提高QQ用户的聊天积极性，把等级小于6级的用户的等级都提升1个级别。
update QQUser set Level=Level+1
where Level<6
#05.管理员将超过365天没有登录过的QQ锁定（即将等级值设定为-1）。
UPDATE QQUser SET LEVEL=-1
WHERE DATEDIFF(NOW(),lastLogTime)>=365
#06.为了奖励用户，将好友数量超过20的用户等级提升1个级别。
UPDATE QQUser SET LEVEL=LEVEL+1
WHERE QQID IN(
SELECT Relation.QQID FROM Relation
WHERE RelationStatus=0
GROUP BY Relation.QQID
HAVING COUNT(Relation.RelationQQID)>=20)
#07.把QQ号码为54789625的用户的好友“嘟嘟鱼”拖进黑名单中。
UPDATE Relation SET RelationStatus=1
WHERE QQID=54789625 AND RelationQQID=
(SELECT QQID FROM BaseInfo WHERE NickName='嘟嘟鱼')
AND RelationStatus=0
##用例3：删除数据
#1.把QQ号码为54789625的用户黑名单中的用户删除。
DELETE FROM Relation WHERE QQID=54789625 AND RelationStatus=1
#2.QQ号码为54789625的用户多次在QQ中发布违法信息，造成了很坏的影响，因此管理员决定将其删除。
DELETE FROM Relation WHERE QQID=54789625 OR RelationQQID=54789625
DELETE FROM BaseInfo WHERE QQID=54789625
DELETE FROM QQUser WHERE QQID=54789625
#3.管理员将超过1000天没有登录过的QQ删除。
DELETE FROM Relation WHERE QQID IN
(
SELECT QQID FROM QQUser
WHERE DATEDIFF(NOW(),LastLogTime)>=1000
)
OR RelationQQID IN
(
SELECT QQID FROM QQUser
WHERE DATEDIFF(NOW(),LastLogTime)>=1000
)
DELETE FROM BaseInfo WHERE QQID IN
(
SELECT QQID FROM QQUser
WHERE DATEDIFF(NOW(),LastLogTime)>=1000
)
DELETE FROM QQUser
WHERE DATEDIFF(NOW(),LastLogTime)>=1000
辅助blog
MySQL 获得当前日期时间 函数
获得当前日期+时间（date + time）函数：now()
mysql> select now();
+---------------------+| now() |+---------------------+| 2008-08-08 22:20:46 |+---------------------+
获得当前日期+时间（date + time）函数：sysdate()
sysdate() 日期时间函数跟 now() 类似，不同之处在于：now() 在执行开始时值就得到了， sysdate() 在函数执行时动态得到值。看下面的例子就明白了：
mysql> select now(), sleep(3), now();
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+| now() | sleep(3) | now() |+---------------------+----------+---------------------+| 2008-08-08 22:28:21 | 0 | 2008-08-08 22:28:21 |+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
sysdate() 日期时间函数，一般情况下很少用到。
MySQL 获得当前时间戳函数：current_timestamp, current_timestamp()
mysql> select current_timestamp, current_timestamp();
+---------------------+---------------------+| current_timestamp | current_timestamp() |+---------------------+---------------------+| 2008-08-09 23:22:24 | 2008-08-09 23:22:24 |+---------------------+---------------------+
MySQL 日期转换函数、时间转换函数
MySQL Date/Time to Str（日期/时间转换为字符串）函数：date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format)
mysql> select date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s');
+----------------------------------------------------+| date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s') |+----------------------------------------------------+| 20080808222301 |+----------------------------------------------------+
MySQL 日期、时间转换函数：date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format) 能够把一个日期/时间转换成各种各样的字符串格式。它是 str_to_date(str,format) 函数的 一个逆转换。
MySQL Str to Date （字符串转换为日期）函数：str_to_date(str, format)
select str_to_date('08/09/2008', '%m/%d/%Y'); -- 2008-08-09select str_to_date('08/09/08' , '%m/%d/%y'); -- 2008-08-09select str_to_date('08.09.2008', '%m.%d.%Y'); -- 2008-08-09select str_to_date('08:09:30', '%h:%i:%s'); -- 08:09:30select str_to_date('08.09.2008 08:09:30', '%m.%d.%Y %h:%i:%s'); -- 2008-08-09 08:09:30
可以看到，str_to_date(str,format) 转换函数，可以把一些杂乱无章的字符串转换为日期格式。另外，它也可以转换为时间。“format” 可以参看 MySQL 手册。
MySQL （日期、天数）转换函数：to_days(date), from_days(days)
select to_days('0000-00-00'); -- 0select to_days('2008-08-08'); -- 733627
MySQL （时间、秒）转换函数：time_to_sec(time), sec_to_time(seconds)
select time_to_sec('01:00:05'); -- 3605select sec_to_time(3605); -- '01:00:05'
MySQL 拼凑日期、时间函数：makdedate(year,dayofyear), maketime(hour,minute,second)
select makedate(2001,31); -- '2001-01-31'select makedate(2001,32); -- '2001-02-01'select maketime(12,15,30); -- '12:15:30'
MySQL （Unix 时间戳、日期）转换函数
unix_timestamp(),
unix_timestamp(date),
from_unixtime(unix_timestamp),
from_unixtime(unix_timestamp,format)
下面是示例：
select unix_timestamp(); -- 1218290027select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 1218124800select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08 12:30:00'); -- 1218169800
select from_unixtime(1218290027); -- '2008-08-09 21:53:47'select from_unixtime(1218124800); -- '2008-08-08 00:00:00'select from_unixtime(1218169800); -- '2008-08-08 12:30:00'
select from_unixtime(1218169800, '%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x'); -- '2008 8th August 12:30:00 2008'
MySQL 日期时间计算函数
MySQL 为日期增加一个时间间隔：date_add()
set @dt = now();
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 day); -- add 1 dayselect date_add(@dt, interval 1 hour); -- add 1 hourselect date_add(@dt, interval 1 minute); -- ...select date_add(@dt, interval 1 second);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 microsecond);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 week);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 month);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 quarter);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 year);
select date_add(@dt, interval -1 day); -- sub 1 day
MySQL adddate(), addtime()函数，可以用 date_add() 来替代。下面是 date_add() 实现 addtime() 功能示例：
mysql> set @dt = '2008-08-09 12:12:33';
mysql>
mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second);
+------------------------------------------------+| date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second) |+------------------------------------------------+| 2008-08-09 13:28:03 |+------------------------------------------------+
mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second);
+-------------------------------------------------+| date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second) |+-------------------------------------------------+| 2008-08-10 13:28:03 |+-------------------------------------------------+
MySQL 为日期减去一个时间间隔：date_sub()
mysql> select date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second);
+----------------------------------------------------------------+| date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second) |+----------------------------------------------------------------+| 1997-12-30 22:58:59 |+----------------------------------------------------------------+
MySQL date_sub() 日期时间函数 和 date_add() 用法一致，不再赘述。
MySQL 日期、时间相减函数：datediff(date1,date2), timediff(time1,time2)
MySQL datediff(date1,date2)：两个日期相减 date1 - date2，返回天数。select datediff('2008-08-08', '2008-08-01'); -- 7select datediff('2008-08-01', '2008-08-08'); -- -7
MySQL timediff(time1,time2)：两个日期相减 time1 - time2，返回 time 差值。
select timediff('2008-08-08 08:08:08', '2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08select timediff('08:08:08', '00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08
注意：timediff(time1,time2) 函数的两个参数类型必须相同。
MySQL 时间戳（timestamp）转换、增、减函数：
timestamp(date) -- date to timestamptimestamp(dt,time) -- dt + time
timestampadd(unit,interval,datetime_expr) --timestampdiff(unit,datetime_expr1,datetime_expr2) --
请看示例部分：
select timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 2008-08-08 00:00:00select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-08 09:01:01select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '10 01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-18 09:01:01
select timestampadd(day, 1, '2008-08-08 08:00:00'); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00select date_add('2008-08-08 08:00:00', interval 1 day); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00
MySQL timestampadd() 函数类似于 date_add()。select timestampdiff(year,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -1select timestampdiff(day ,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -485select timestampdiff(hour,'2008-08-08 12:00:00','2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- -12
select datediff('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '2008-08-01 00:00:00'); -- 7
MySQL timestampdiff() 函数就比 datediff() 功能强多了，datediff() 只能计算两个日期（date）之间相差的天数。
MySQL 时区（timezone）转换函数
convert_tz(dt,from_tz,to_tz)
select convert_tz('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '+08:00', '+00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
时区转换也可以通过 date_add, date_sub, timestampadd 来实现。
select date_add('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval -8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00select date_sub('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval 8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00select timestampadd(hour, -8, '2008-08-08 12:00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00