发布订阅
消息传达给多个消费者,这里构建一个日志记录系统
RabbitMQ消息传递模型思想:生产者只能将消息发送到转发器,转发器做的就是接收生产者发来的消息,另外方面就是把消息推送到队列中。
交换类型
direct:通过routingKey和exchange决定的哪一组的queue可以接收消息
topic:所有符合routingKey(此时可以是一个表达式)的routingKey所bind的queue可以接收消息
headers:通过headers 来决定把消息发给哪些queue
fanout:所有bind到此exchange的queue都可以接收消息
publisher.py
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 4 import pika 5 import sys 6 7 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('admin', 'admin123456') 8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.6', credentials=credentials)) 9 channel = connection.channel() 10 11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout') 12 13 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!" 14 channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message) 15 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message) 16 connection.close()
subscriber.py
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 4 import pika 5 6 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('admin', 'admin123456') 7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.6', credentials=credentials)) 8 channel = connection.channel() 9 # 申明交换器和类型 10 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout') 11 # 无论何时连接RabbitMQ需要一个空的队列,queue=''随机创一个空队列,一旦接收方连接关闭,就会自动删除队列 12 result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True) 13 # 包含一个随机队列名称 比如:amq.gen-JzTY20BRgKO-HjmUJj0wLg 14 queue_name = result.method.queue 15 # 要告诉转发器发送到哪个队列,这里转发器和队列之间就要建立绑定关系 16 # 注意如果没有队列绑定到交换器上消息将会丢失 17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name) 18 19 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 20 21 22 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 23 print(" [x] %r" % body) 24 25 26 channel.basic_consume( 27 queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True) 28 29 channel.start_consuming()
运行结果(注意这里实时性,就是订阅方没启动,此时订阅方是收不到发布方的消息的)