在学习Linux高并发web服务器开发总结了笔记，并分享出来。有问题请及时联系博主：Alliswell_WP，转载请注明出处。
11_服务器开发-第03天（web服务器 - 3）
目录：
一、学习目标
二、 复习
三、strftime函数
四、libevent实现httpserver
五、线程池
1、线程池的原理
2、线程池各个函数分析
附—整体代码
一、学习目标
1、libevent实现httpserver
2、线程池
二、 复习
1、epoll服务器端代码
三、strftime函数
》使用：
char buf[1024];
strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%Y %b %d %H %M %S", st.st_mtime);//把st.st_mtime按双引号中格式 格式化到buf中。
》类似于QT中（QDateTime、QTime、QDate）：如调用QDateTime后，然后toString("yy MM dd")把QDatetime转为特定格式
如获取本地时间：
QDateTime d(QDateTime::currentDateTime());
qDebug()<<d.toString("yy.MM.dd") ;
四、libevent实现httpserver
》技巧：在vim中点击“F4”查看所有函数，在右侧垂直分屏显示，点击“Ctrl+w+w”切换分屏到右侧函数。
>main.c
#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <signal.h> #include <event2/bufferevent.h> #include <event2/listener.h> #include <event2/event.h> #include "libevent_http.h" int main(int argc, char **argv) { if(argc < 3) { printf("./event_http port path "); return -1; } if(chdir(argv[2]) < 0) { printf("dir is not exists: %s ", argv[2]); perror("chdir err:"); return -1; } struct event_base *base; struct evconnlistener *listener; struct event *signal_event; struct sockaddr_in sin; base = event_base_new();//创建事件处理框架 if (!base) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize libevent! "); return 1; } memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin)); sin.sin_family = AF_INET; sin.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1])); //服务器端创建2个套接字 // 创建监听的套接字，绑定，监听，接受连接请求 listener = evconnlistener_new_bind(base, listener_cb, (void *)base, LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE | LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, -1, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sin)); if (!listener) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create a listener! "); return 1; } // 创建信号事件, 捕捉并处理 signal_event = evsignal_new(base, SIGINT, signal_cb, (void *)base); if (!signal_event || event_add(signal_event, NULL)<0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create/add a signal event! "); return 1; } // 事件循环 event_base_dispatch(base); evconnlistener_free(listener); event_free(signal_event); event_base_free(base); printf("done "); return 0; }
>libevent_http.h
#ifndef _LIBEVENT_HTTP_H #define _LIBEVENT_HTTP_H #include <event2/event.h> void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *user_data); void conn_readcb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *user_data); const char *get_file_type(char *name); int hexit(char c); void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd, struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data); int response_http(struct bufferevent *bev, const char *method, char *path); int send_dir(struct bufferevent *bev,const char *dirname); int send_error(struct bufferevent *bev); int send_file_to_http(const char *filename, struct bufferevent *bev); int send_header(struct bufferevent *bev, int no, const char* desp, const char *type, long len); void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t sig, short events, void *user_data); void strdecode(char *to, char *from); void strencode(char* to, size_t tosize, const char* from); #endif
>libevent_http.c
#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <string.h> #include <dirent.h> #include <time.h> #include <signal.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <errno.h> #include <event2/bufferevent.h> #include <event2/buffer.h> #include <event2/listener.h> #include "libevent_http.h" #define _HTTP_CLOSE_ "Connection: close " int response_http(struct bufferevent *bev, const char *method, char *path) { if(strcasecmp("GET", method) == 0){ //get method ... strdecode(path, path); char *pf = &path[1]; if(strcmp(path, "/") == 0 || strcmp(path, "/.") == 0) { pf="./"; } printf("***** http Request Resource Path = %s, pf = %s ", path, pf); struct stat sb; if(stat(pf,&sb) < 0) { perror("open file err:"); send_error(bev); return -1; } if(S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))//处理目录 { //应该显示目录列表 send_header(bev, 200, "OK", get_file_type(".html"), -1); send_dir(bev, pf); } else //处理文件 { send_header(bev, 200, "OK", get_file_type(pf), sb.st_size); send_file_to_http(pf, bev); } } return 0; } /* *charset=iso-8859-1 西欧的编码，说明网站采用的编码是英文； *charset=gb2312 说明网站采用的编码是简体中文； *charset=utf-8 代表世界通用的语言编码； * 可以用到中文、韩文、日文等世界上所有语言编码上 *charset=euc-kr 说明网站采用的编码是韩文； *charset=big5 说明网站采用的编码是繁体中文； * *以下是依据传递进来的文件名，使用后缀判断是何种文件类型 *将对应的文件类型按照http定义的关键字发送回去 */ const char *get_file_type(char *name) { char* dot; dot = strrchr(name, '.'); //自右向左查找‘.’字符;如不存在返回NULL if (dot == (char*)0) return "text/plain; charset=utf-8"; if (strcmp(dot, ".html") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".htm") == 0) return "text/html; charset=utf-8"; if (strcmp(dot, ".jpg") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".jpeg") == 0) return "image/jpeg"; if (strcmp(dot, ".gif") == 0) return "image/gif"; if (strcmp(dot, ".png") == 0) return "image/png"; if (strcmp(dot, ".css") == 0) return "text/css"; if (strcmp(dot, ".au") == 0) return "audio/basic"; if (strcmp( dot, ".wav") == 0) return "audio/wav"; if (strcmp(dot, ".avi") == 0) return "video/x-msvideo"; if (strcmp(dot, ".mov") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".qt") == 0) return "video/quicktime"; if (strcmp(dot, ".mpeg") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".mpe") == 0) return "video/mpeg"; if (strcmp(dot, ".vrml") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".wrl") == 0) return "model/vrml"; if (strcmp(dot, ".midi") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".mid") == 0) return "audio/midi"; if (strcmp(dot, ".mp3") == 0) return "audio/mpeg"; if (strcmp(dot, ".ogg") == 0) return "application/ogg"; if (strcmp(dot, ".pac") == 0) return "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig"; return "text/plain; charset=utf-8"; } int send_file_to_http(const char *filename, struct bufferevent *bev) { int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY); int ret = 0; char buf[4096] = {0}; while( (ret = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) ) ) { bufferevent_write(bev, buf, ret); memset(buf, 0, ret); } close(fd); return 0; } int send_header(struct bufferevent *bev, int no, const char* desp, const char *type, long len) { char buf[256]={0}; sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.1 %d %s ", no, desp); //HTTP/1.1 200 OK bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf)); // 文件类型 sprintf(buf, "Content-Type:%s ", type); bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf)); // 文件大小 sprintf(buf, "Content-Length:%ld ", len); bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf)); // Connection: close bufferevent_write(bev, _HTTP_CLOSE_, strlen(_HTTP_CLOSE_)); //send bufferevent_write(bev, " ", 2); return 0; } int send_error(struct bufferevent *bev) { send_header(bev,404, "File Not Found", "text/html", -1); send_file_to_http("404.html", bev); return 0; } int send_dir(struct bufferevent *bev,const char *dirname) { char encoded_name[1024]; char path[1024]; char timestr[64]; struct stat sb; struct dirent **dirinfo; char buf[4096] = {0}; sprintf(buf, "<html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>%s</title></head>", dirname); sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "<body><h1>当前目录：%s</h1><table>", dirname); //添加目录内容 int num = scandir(dirname, &dirinfo, NULL, alphasort); for(int i=0; i<num; ++i) { // 编码 strencode(encoded_name, sizeof(encoded_name), dirinfo[i]->d_name); sprintf(path, "%s%s", dirname, dirinfo[i]->d_name); printf("############# path = %s ", path); if (lstat(path, &sb) < 0) { sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "<tr><td><a href="%s">%s</a></td></tr> ", encoded_name, dirinfo[i]->d_name); } else { strftime(timestr, sizeof(timestr), " %d %b %Y %H:%M", localtime(&sb.st_mtime)); if(S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) { sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "<tr><td><a href="%s/">%s/</a></td><td>%s</td><td>%ld</td></tr> ", encoded_name, dirinfo[i]->d_name, timestr, sb.st_size); } else { sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "<tr><td><a href="%s">%s</a></td><td>%s</td><td>%ld</td></tr> ", encoded_name, dirinfo[i]->d_name, timestr, sb.st_size); } } bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf)); memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); } sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "</table></body></html>"); bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf)); printf("################# Dir Read OK !!!!!!!!!!!!!! "); return 0; } void conn_readcb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *user_data) { printf("******************** begin call %s......... ",__FUNCTION__); char buf[4096]={0}; char method[50], path[4096], protocol[32]; bufferevent_read(bev, buf, sizeof(buf)); printf("buf[%s] ", buf); sscanf(buf, "%[^ ] %[^ ] %[^ ]", method, path, protocol); printf("method[%s], path[%s], protocol[%s] ", method, path, protocol); if(strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) { response_http(bev, method, path); } printf("******************** end call %s......... ", __FUNCTION__); } void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *user_data) { printf("******************** begin call %s......... ", __FUNCTION__); if (events & BEV_EVENT_EOF) { printf("Connection closed. "); } else if (events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR) { printf("Got an error on the connection: %s ", strerror(errno)); } bufferevent_free(bev); printf("******************** end call %s......... ", __FUNCTION__); } void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t sig, short events, void *user_data) { struct event_base *base = user_data; struct timeval delay = { 1, 0 }; printf("Caught an interrupt signal; exiting cleanly in one seconds. "); event_base_loopexit(base, &delay); } //fd对应的是通信的文件描述符 void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd,struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data) { printf("******************** begin call-------%s ",__FUNCTION__); struct event_base *base = user_data; struct bufferevent *bev; printf("fd is %d ",fd); bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, fd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE); if (!bev) { fprintf(stderr, "Error constructing bufferevent!"); event_base_loopbreak(base); return; } bufferevent_flush(bev, EV_READ | EV_WRITE, BEV_NORMAL); bufferevent_setcb(bev, conn_readcb, NULL, conn_eventcb, NULL); bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_WRITE); printf("******************** end call-------%s ",__FUNCTION__); } /* * 这里的内容是处理%20之类的东西！是"解码"过程。 * %20 URL编码中的‘ ’(space) * %21 '!' %22 '"' %23 '#' %24 '$' * %25 '%' %26 '&' %27 ''' %28 '('...... * 相关知识html中的‘ ’(space)是  */ void strdecode(char *to, char *from) { for ( ; *from != ' '; ++to, ++from) { if (from[0] == '%' && isxdigit(from[1]) && isxdigit(from[2])) { // 依次判断from中 %20 三个字符 *to = hexit(from[1])*16 + hexit(from[2]); // 移过已经处理的两个字符(%21指针指向1),表达式3的++from还会再向后移一个字符 from += 2; } else { *to = *from; } } *to = ' '; } //16进制数转化为10进制, return 0不会出现 int hexit(char c) { if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return c - '0'; if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') return c - 'a' + 10; if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') return c - 'A' + 10; return 0; } // "编码"，用作回写浏览器的时候，将除字母数字及/_.-~以外的字符转义后回写。 // strencode(encoded_name, sizeof(encoded_name), name); void strencode(char* to, size_t tosize, const char* from) { int tolen; for (tolen = 0; *from != ' ' && tolen + 4 < tosize; ++from) { if (isalnum(*from) || strchr("/_.-~", *from) != (char*)0) { *to = *from; ++to; ++tolen; } else { sprintf(to, "%%%02x", (int) *from & 0xff); to += 3; tolen += 3; } } *to = ' '; }
>makefile
#makefile target = http_server $(target):libevent_http.c main.c gcc -o $@ $^ -g -levent .PHONY:clean clean: -rm -f $(target)
五、线程池
1、线程池的原理
》线程池：
2、线程池各个函数分析：
（1）线程池结构体：struct threadpool_t
/* 描述线程池相关信息 */ struct threadpool_t { pthread_mutex_t lock; /* 用于锁住本结构体 */ pthread_mutex_t thread_counter; /* 记录忙状态线程个数de琐 -- busy_thr_num */ pthread_cond_t queue_not_full; /* 当任务队列满时，添加任务的线程阻塞，等待此条件变量 */ pthread_cond_t queue_not_empty; /* 任务队列里不为空时，通知等待任务的线程 */ pthread_t *threads; /* 存放线程池中每个线程的tid。数组 */ pthread_t adjust_tid; /* 存管理线程tid */ threadpool_task_t *task_queue; /* 任务队列 */ int min_thr_num; /* 线程池最小线程数 */ int max_thr_num; /* 线程池最大线程数 */ int live_thr_num; /* 当前存活线程个数 */ int busy_thr_num; /* 忙状态线程个数 */ int wait_exit_thr_num; /* 要销毁的线程个数 */ int queue_front; /* task_queue队头下标 */ int queue_rear; /* task_queue队尾下标 */ int queue_size; /* task_queue队中实际任务数 */ int queue_max_size; /* task_queue队列可容纳任务数上限 */ int shutdown; /* 标志位，线程池使用状态，true或false */ };
（2）如何使用线程池：main主函数中调用threadpool_create、threadpool_add（包含回调process）、threadpool_destroy
/* 线程池中的线程，模拟处理业务 */ void *process(void *arg) { printf("thread 0x%x working on task %d ",(unsigned int)pthread_self(),*(int *)arg); sleep(1); printf("task %d is end ",*(int *)arg); return NULL; } int main(void) { /*threadpool_t *threadpool_create(int min_thr_num, int max_thr_num, int queue_max_size);*/ threadpool_t *thp = threadpool_create(3,100,100);/*创建线程池，池里最小3个线程，最大100，队列最大100*/ printf("pool inited"); //int *num = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*20); int num[20], i; for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) { num[i]=i; printf("add task %d ",i); threadpool_add(thp, process, (void*)&num[i]); /* 向线程池中添加任务 */ } sleep(10); /* 等子线程完成任务 */ threadpool_destroy(thp); return 0; }
（3）初始化线程池的函数：threadpool_create
typedef struct { void *(*function)(void *); /* 函数指针，回调函数 */ void *arg; /* 上面函数的参数 */ } threadpool_task_t; threadpool_t *threadpool_create(int min_thr_num, int max_thr_num, int queue_max_size) { int i; threadpool_t *pool = NULL; do { if((pool = (threadpool_t *)malloc(sizeof(threadpool_t))) == NULL) { printf("malloc threadpool fail"); break;/*跳出do while*/ } pool->min_thr_num = min_thr_num; pool->max_thr_num = max_thr_num; pool->busy_thr_num = 0; pool->live_thr_num = min_thr_num; /* 活着的线程数 初值=最小线程数 */ pool->queue_size = 0; /* 有0个产品 */ pool->queue_max_size = queue_max_size; pool->queue_front = 0; pool->queue_rear = 0; pool->shutdown = false; /* 不关闭线程池 */ /* 根据最大线程上限数， 给工作线程数组开辟空间, 并清零 */ pool->threads = (pthread_t *)malloc(sizeof(pthread_t)*max_thr_num); if (pool->threads == NULL) { printf("malloc threads fail"); break; } memset(pool->threads, 0, sizeof(pthread_t)*max_thr_num); /* 队列开辟空间 */ pool->task_queue = (threadpool_task_t *)malloc(sizeof(threadpool_task_t)*queue_max_size); if (pool->task_queue == NULL) { printf("malloc task_queue fail"); break; } /* 初始化互斥琐、条件变量 */ if (pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->lock), NULL) != 0 || pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->thread_counter), NULL) != 0 || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_empty), NULL) != 0 || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_full), NULL) != 0) { printf("init the lock or cond fail"); break; } /* 启动 min_thr_num 个 work thread */ for (i = 0; i < min_thr_num; i++) { pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]), NULL, threadpool_thread, (void *)pool);/*pool指向当前线程池*/ printf("start thread 0x%x... ", (unsigned int)pool->threads[i]); } pthread_create(&(pool->adjust_tid), NULL, adjust_thread, (void *)pool);/* 启动管理者线程 */ return pool; } while (0); threadpool_free(pool); /* 前面代码调用失败时，释放poll存储空间 */ return NULL; }
（4）干活的线程的回调函数：threadpool_thread
/* 线程池中各个工作线程 */ void *threadpool_thread(void *threadpool) { threadpool_t *pool = (threadpool_t *)threadpool; threadpool_task_t task; while (true) { /* Lock must be taken to wait on conditional variable */ /*刚创建出线程，等待任务队列里有任务，否则阻塞等待任务队列里有任务后再唤醒接收任务*/ pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); /*queue_size == 0 说明没有任务，调 wait 阻塞在条件变量上, 若有任务，跳过该while*/ while ((pool->queue_size == 0) && (!pool->shutdown)) { printf("thread 0x%x is waiting ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_empty), &(pool->lock)); /*清除指定数目的空闲线程，如果要结束的线程个数大于0，结束线程*/ if (pool->wait_exit_thr_num > 0) { pool->wait_exit_thr_num--; /*如果线程池里线程个数大于最小值时可以结束当前线程*/ if (pool->live_thr_num > pool->min_thr_num) { printf("thread 0x%x is exiting ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); pool->live_thr_num--; pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); pthread_exit(NULL); } } } /*如果指定了true，要关闭线程池里的每个线程，自行退出处理*/ if (pool->shutdown) { pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); printf("thread 0x%x is exiting ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); pthread_exit(NULL); /* 线程自行结束 */ } /*从任务队列里获取任务, 是一个出队操作*/ task.function = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].function; task.arg = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].arg; pool->queue_front = (pool->queue_front + 1) % pool->queue_max_size; /* 出队，模拟环形队列 */ pool->queue_size--; /*通知可以有新的任务添加进来*/ pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_full)); /*任务取出后，立即将 线程池琐 释放*/ pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); /*执行任务*/ printf("thread 0x%x start working ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter)); /*忙状态线程数变量琐*/ pool->busy_thr_num++; /*忙状态线程数+1*/ pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter)); (*(task.function))(task.arg); /*执行回调函数任务*/ //task.function(task.arg); /*执行回调函数任务*/ /*任务结束处理*/ printf("thread 0x%x end working ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter)); pool->busy_thr_num--; /*处理掉一个任务，忙状态数线程数-1*/ pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter)); } pthread_exit(NULL); }
（5）管理者线程回调函数：adjust_thread
/* 管理线程 */ void *adjust_thread(void *threadpool) { int i; threadpool_t *pool = (threadpool_t *)threadpool; while (!pool->shutdown) { sleep(DEFAULT_TIME); /*定时 对线程池管理*/ pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); int queue_size = pool->queue_size; /* 关注 任务数 */ int live_thr_num = pool->live_thr_num; /* 存活 线程数 */ pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter)); int busy_thr_num = pool->busy_thr_num; /* 忙着的线程数 */ pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter)); /* 创建新线程 算法： 任务数大于最小线程池个数, 且存活的线程数少于最大线程个数时 如：30>=10 && 40<100*/ if (queue_size >= MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM && live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num) { pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); int add = 0; /*一次增加 DEFAULT_THREAD 个线程*/ for (i = 0; i < pool->max_thr_num && add < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY && pool->live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num; i++) { if (pool->threads[i] == 0 || !is_thread_alive(pool->threads[i])) { pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]), NULL, threadpool_thread, (void *)pool); add++; pool->live_thr_num++; } } pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); } /* 销毁多余的空闲线程 算法：忙线程X2 小于 存活的线程数 且 存活的线程数 大于 最小线程数时*/ if ((busy_thr_num * 2) < live_thr_num && live_thr_num > pool->min_thr_num) { /* 一次销毁DEFAULT_THREAD个线程, 隨機10個即可 */ pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); pool->wait_exit_thr_num = DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY; /* 要销毁的线程数 设置为10 */ pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); for (i = 0; i < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY; i++) { /* 通知处在空闲状态的线程, 他们会自行终止*/ pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_not_empty)); } } } return NULL; }
》附—整体代码如下：
>threadpool.c
1 #include <stdlib.h> 2 #include <pthread.h> 3 #include <unistd.h> 4 #include <assert.h> 5 #include <stdio.h> 6 #include <string.h> 7 #include <signal.h> 8 #include <errno.h> 9 #include "threadpool.h" 10 11 #define DEFAULT_TIME 10 /*10s检测一次*/ 12 #define MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM 10 /*如果queue_size > MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM 添加新的线程到线程池*/ 13 #define DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY 10 /*每次创建和销毁线程的个数*/ 14 #define true 1 15 #define false 0 16 17 typedef struct { 18 void *(*function)(void *); /* 函数指针，回调函数 */ 19 void *arg; /* 上面函数的参数 */ 20 } threadpool_task_t; /* 各子线程任务结构体 */ 21 22 /* 描述线程池相关信息 */ 23 struct threadpool_t { 24 pthread_mutex_t lock; /* 用于锁住本结构体 */ 25 pthread_mutex_t thread_counter; /* 记录忙状态线程个数de琐 -- busy_thr_num */ 26 pthread_cond_t queue_not_full; /* 当任务队列满时，添加任务的线程阻塞，等待此条件变量 */ 27 pthread_cond_t queue_not_empty; /* 任务队列里不为空时，通知等待任务的线程 */ 28 29 pthread_t *threads; /* 存放线程池中每个线程的tid。数组 */ 30 pthread_t adjust_tid; /* 存管理线程tid */ 31 threadpool_task_t *task_queue; /* 任务队列 */ 32 33 int min_thr_num; /* 线程池最小线程数 */ 34 int max_thr_num; /* 线程池最大线程数 */ 35 int live_thr_num; /* 当前存活线程个数 */ 36 int busy_thr_num; /* 忙状态线程个数 */ 37 int wait_exit_thr_num; /* 要销毁的线程个数 */ 38 39 int queue_front; /* task_queue队头下标 */ 40 int queue_rear; /* task_queue队尾下标 */ 41 int queue_size; /* task_queue队中实际任务数 */ 42 int queue_max_size; /* task_queue队列可容纳任务数上限 */ 43 44 int shutdown; /* 标志位，线程池使用状态，true或false */ 45 }; 46 47 /** 48 * @function void *threadpool_thread(void *threadpool) 49 * @desc the worker thread 50 * @param threadpool the pool which own the thread 51 */ 52 void *threadpool_thread(void *threadpool); 53 54 /** 55 * @function void *adjust_thread(void *threadpool); 56 * @desc manager thread 57 * @param threadpool the threadpool 58 */ 59 void *adjust_thread(void *threadpool); 60 61 /** 62 * check a thread is alive 63 */ 64 int is_thread_alive(pthread_t tid); 65 int threadpool_free(threadpool_t *pool); 66 67 threadpool_t *threadpool_create(int min_thr_num, int max_thr_num, int queue_max_size) 68 { 69 int i; 70 threadpool_t *pool = NULL; 71 do { 72 if((pool = (threadpool_t *)malloc(sizeof(threadpool_t))) == NULL) { 73 printf("malloc threadpool fail"); 74 break;/*跳出do while*/ 75 } 76 77 pool->min_thr_num = min_thr_num; 78 pool->max_thr_num = max_thr_num; 79 pool->busy_thr_num = 0; 80 pool->live_thr_num = min_thr_num; /* 活着的线程数 初值=最小线程数 */ 81 pool->queue_size = 0; /* 有0个产品 */ 82 pool->queue_max_size = queue_max_size; 83 pool->queue_front = 0; 84 pool->queue_rear = 0; 85 pool->shutdown = false; /* 不关闭线程池 */ 86 87 /* 根据最大线程上限数， 给工作线程数组开辟空间, 并清零 */ 88 pool->threads = (pthread_t *)malloc(sizeof(pthread_t)*max_thr_num); 89 if (pool->threads == NULL) { 90 printf("malloc threads fail"); 91 break; 92 } 93 memset(pool->threads, 0, sizeof(pthread_t)*max_thr_num); 94 95 /* 队列开辟空间 */ 96 pool->task_queue = (threadpool_task_t *)malloc(sizeof(threadpool_task_t)*queue_max_size); 97 if (pool->task_queue == NULL) { 98 printf("malloc task_queue fail"); 99 break; 100 } 101 102 /* 初始化互斥琐、条件变量 */ 103 if (pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->lock), NULL) != 0 104 || pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->thread_counter), NULL) != 0 105 || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_empty), NULL) != 0 106 || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_full), NULL) != 0) 107 { 108 printf("init the lock or cond fail"); 109 break; 110 } 111 112 /* 启动 min_thr_num 个 work thread */ 113 for (i = 0; i < min_thr_num; i++) { 114 pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]), NULL, threadpool_thread, (void *)pool);/*pool指向当前线程池*/ 115 printf("start thread 0x%x... ", (unsigned int)pool->threads[i]); 116 } 117 pthread_create(&(pool->adjust_tid), NULL, adjust_thread, (void *)pool);/* 启动管理者线程 */ 118 119 return pool; 120 121 } while (0); 122 123 threadpool_free(pool); /* 前面代码调用失败时，释放poll存储空间 */ 124 125 return NULL; 126 } 127 128 /* 向线程池中 添加一个任务 */ 129 int threadpool_add(threadpool_t *pool, void*(*function)(void *arg), void *arg) 130 { 131 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); 132 133 /* ==为真，队列已经满， 调wait阻塞 */ 134 while ((pool->queue_size == pool->queue_max_size) && (!pool->shutdown)) { 135 pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_full), &(pool->lock)); 136 } 137 if (pool->shutdown) { 138 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); 139 } 140 141 /* 清空 工作线程 调用的回调函数 的参数arg */ 142 if (pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg != NULL) { 143 free(pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg); 144 pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg = NULL; 145 } 146 /*添加任务到任务队列里*/ 147 pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].function = function; 148 pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg = arg; 149 pool->queue_rear = (pool->queue_rear + 1) % pool->queue_max_size; /* 队尾指针移动, 模拟环形 */ 150 pool->queue_size++; 151 152 /*添加完任务后，队列不为空，唤醒线程池中 等待处理任务的线程*/ 153 pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_not_empty)); 154 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); 155 156 return 0; 157 } 158 159 /* 线程池中各个工作线程 */ 160 void *threadpool_thread(void *threadpool) 161 { 162 threadpool_t *pool = (threadpool_t *)threadpool; 163 threadpool_task_t task; 164 165 while (true) { 166 /* Lock must be taken to wait on conditional variable */ 167 /*刚创建出线程，等待任务队列里有任务，否则阻塞等待任务队列里有任务后再唤醒接收任务*/ 168 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); 169 170 /*queue_size == 0 说明没有任务，调 wait 阻塞在条件变量上, 若有任务，跳过该while*/ 171 while ((pool->queue_size == 0) && (!pool->shutdown)) { 172 printf("thread 0x%x is waiting ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); 173 pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_empty), &(pool->lock)); 174 175 /*清除指定数目的空闲线程，如果要结束的线程个数大于0，结束线程*/ 176 if (pool->wait_exit_thr_num > 0) { 177 pool->wait_exit_thr_num--; 178 179 /*如果线程池里线程个数大于最小值时可以结束当前线程*/ 180 if (pool->live_thr_num > pool->min_thr_num) { 181 printf("thread 0x%x is exiting ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); 182 pool->live_thr_num--; 183 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); 184 pthread_exit(NULL); 185 } 186 } 187 } 188 189 /*如果指定了true，要关闭线程池里的每个线程，自行退出处理*/ 190 if (pool->shutdown) { 191 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); 192 printf("thread 0x%x is exiting ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); 193 pthread_exit(NULL); /* 线程自行结束 */ 194 } 195 196 /*从任务队列里获取任务, 是一个出队操作*/ 197 task.function = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].function; 198 task.arg = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].arg; 199 200 pool->queue_front = (pool->queue_front + 1) % pool->queue_max_size; /* 出队，模拟环形队列 */ 201 pool->queue_size--; 202 203 /*通知可以有新的任务添加进来*/ 204 pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_full)); 205 206 /*任务取出后，立即将 线程池琐 释放*/ 207 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); 208 209 /*执行任务*/ 210 printf("thread 0x%x start working ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); 211 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter)); /*忙状态线程数变量琐*/ 212 pool->busy_thr_num++; /*忙状态线程数+1*/ 213 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter)); 214 (*(task.function))(task.arg); /*执行回调函数任务*/ 215 //task.function(task.arg); /*执行回调函数任务*/ 216 217 /*任务结束处理*/ 218 printf("thread 0x%x end working ", (unsigned int)pthread_self()); 219 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter)); 220 pool->busy_thr_num--; /*处理掉一个任务，忙状态数线程数-1*/ 221 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter)); 222 } 223 224 pthread_exit(NULL); 225 } 226 227 /* 管理线程 */ 228 void *adjust_thread(void *threadpool) 229 { 230 int i; 231 threadpool_t *pool = (threadpool_t *)threadpool; 232 while (!pool->shutdown) { 233 234 sleep(DEFAULT_TIME); /*定时 对线程池管理*/ 235 236 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); 237 int queue_size = pool->queue_size; /* 关注 任务数 */ 238 int live_thr_num = pool->live_thr_num; /* 存活 线程数 */ 239 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); 240 241 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter)); 242 int busy_thr_num = pool->busy_thr_num; /* 忙着的线程数 */ 243 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter)); 244 245 /* 创建新线程 算法： 任务数大于最小线程池个数, 且存活的线程数少于最大线程个数时 如：30>=10 && 40<100*/ 246 if (queue_size >= MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM && live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num) { 247 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); 248 int add = 0; 249 250 /*一次增加 DEFAULT_THREAD 个线程*/ 251 for (i = 0; i < pool->max_thr_num && add < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY 252 && pool->live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num; i++) { 253 if (pool->threads[i] == 0 || !is_thread_alive(pool->threads[i])) { 254 pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]), NULL, threadpool_thread, (void *)pool); 255 add++; 256 pool->live_thr_num++; 257 } 258 } 259 260 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); 261 } 262 263 /* 销毁多余的空闲线程 算法：忙线程X2 小于 存活的线程数 且 存活的线程数 大于 最小线程数时*/ 264 if ((busy_thr_num * 2) < live_thr_num && live_thr_num > pool->min_thr_num) { 265 266 /* 一次销毁DEFAULT_THREAD个线程, 隨機10個即可 */ 267 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); 268 pool->wait_exit_thr_num = DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY; /* 要销毁的线程数 设置为10 */ 269 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); 270 271 for (i = 0; i < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY; i++) { 272 /* 通知处在空闲状态的线程, 他们会自行终止*/ 273 pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_not_empty)); 274 } 275 } 276 } 277 278 return NULL; 279 } 280 281 int threadpool_destroy(threadpool_t *pool) 282 { 283 int i; 284 if (pool == NULL) { 285 return -1; 286 } 287 pool->shutdown = true; 288 289 /*先销毁管理线程*/ 290 pthread_join(pool->adjust_tid, NULL); 291 292 for (i = 0; i < pool->live_thr_num; i++) { 293 /*通知所有的空闲线程*/ 294 pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_empty)); 295 } 296 for (i = 0; i < pool->live_thr_num; i++) { 297 pthread_join(pool->threads[i], NULL); 298 } 299 threadpool_free(pool); 300 301 return 0; 302 } 303 304 int threadpool_free(threadpool_t *pool) 305 { 306 if (pool == NULL) { 307 return -1; 308 } 309 310 if (pool->task_queue) { 311 free(pool->task_queue); 312 } 313 if (pool->threads) { 314 free(pool->threads); 315 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); 316 pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->lock)); 317 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter)); 318 pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->thread_counter)); 319 pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_empty)); 320 pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_full)); 321 } 322 free(pool); 323 pool = NULL; 324 325 return 0; 326 } 327 328 int threadpool_all_threadnum(threadpool_t *pool) 329 { 330 int all_threadnum = -1; 331 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock)); 332 all_threadnum = pool->live_thr_num; 333 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock)); 334 return all_threadnum; 335 } 336 337 int threadpool_busy_threadnum(threadpool_t *pool) 338 { 339 int busy_threadnum = -1; 340 pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter)); 341 busy_threadnum = pool->busy_thr_num; 342 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter)); 343 return busy_threadnum; 344 } 345 346 int is_thread_alive(pthread_t tid) 347 { 348 int kill_rc = pthread_kill(tid, 0); //发0号信号，测试线程是否存活 349 if (kill_rc == ESRCH) { 350 return false; 351 } 352 353 return true; 354 } 355 356 /*测试*/ 357 358 #if 1 359 /* 线程池中的线程，模拟处理业务 */ 360 void *process(void *arg) 361 { 362 printf("thread 0x%x working on task %d ",(unsigned int)pthread_self(),*(int *)arg); 363 sleep(1); 364 printf("task %d is end ",*(int *)arg); 365 366 return NULL; 367 } 368 int main(void) 369 { 370 /*threadpool_t *threadpool_create(int min_thr_num, int max_thr_num, int queue_max_size);*/ 371 372 threadpool_t *thp = threadpool_create(3,100,100);/*创建线程池，池里最小3个线程，最大100，队列最大100*/ 373 printf("pool inited"); 374 375 //int *num = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*20); 376 int num[20], i; 377 for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) { 378 num[i]=i; 379 printf("add task %d ",i); 380 threadpool_add(thp, process, (void*)&num[i]); /* 向线程池中添加任务 */ 381 } 382 sleep(10); /* 等子线程完成任务 */ 383 threadpool_destroy(thp); 384 385 return 0; 386 } 387 388 #endif
>threadpool.h
1 #ifndef __THREADPOOL_H_ 2 #define __THREADPOOL_H_ 3 4 typedef struct threadpool_t threadpool_t; 5 6 /** 7 * @function threadpool_create 8 * @descCreates a threadpool_t object. 9 * @param thr_num thread num 10 * @param max_thr_num max thread size 11 * @param queue_max_size size of the queue. 12 * @return a newly created thread pool or NULL 13 */ 14 threadpool_t *threadpool_create(int min_thr_num, int max_thr_num, int queue_max_size); 15 16 /** 17 * @function threadpool_add 18 * @desc add a new task in the queue of a thread pool 19 * @param pool Thread pool to which add the task. 20 * @param function Pointer to the function that will perform the task. 21 * @param argument Argument to be passed to the function. 22 * @return 0 if all goes well,else -1 23 */ 24 int threadpool_add(threadpool_t *pool, void*(*function)(void *arg), void *arg); 25 26 /** 27 * @function threadpool_destroy 28 * @desc Stops and destroys a thread pool. 29 * @param pool Thread pool to destroy. 30 * @return 0 if destory success else -1 31 */ 32 int threadpool_destroy(threadpool_t *pool); 33 34 /** 35 * @desc get the thread num 36 * @pool pool threadpool 37 * @return # of the thread 38 */ 39 int threadpool_all_threadnum(threadpool_t *pool); 40 41 /** 42 * desc get the busy thread num 43 * @param pool threadpool 44 * return # of the busy thread 45 */ 46 int threadpool_busy_threadnum(threadpool_t *pool); 47 48 #endif
>makefile
1 src = $(wildcard *.c) 2 targets = $(patsubst %.c, %, $(src)) 3 4 CC = gcc 5 CFLAGS = -lpthread -Wall -g 6 7 all:$(targets) 8 9 $(targets):%:%.c 10 $(CC) $< -o $@ $(CFLAGS) 11 12 .PHONY:clean all 13 clean: 14 -rm -rf $(targets)
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