struts-defualt.xml指定的result的类型
1、struts-defualt.xml 文件的 181 行 开始定义了:
<result-types>
<result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/>
<result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/>
<result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/>
<result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.result.HttpHeaderResult"/>
<result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletRedirectResult"/>
<result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletActionRedirectResult"/>
<result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.result.StreamResult"/>
<result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.result.VelocityResult"/>
<result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/>
<result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.result.PlainTextResult" />
<result-type name="postback" class="org.apache.struts2.result.PostbackResult" />
</result-types>
2、所有的 <result> 默认的名称 ( name ) 都是 success ,默认的 类型 ( type ) 都是 dispatcher
3、dispatcher 等同于 RequestDispatcher 中的 forward 操作 ,redirect 等同于 HttpServletResponse 中的 sendRedirect 操作
4、当 type = "redirect" 时,可以指定任意的位置
<result type="redirect">http://www.google.com</result>
redirectAction 类似于 redirect , 与 redirect 不同的是它专门重定向到 <action>
<result name="success" type="redirectAction">
<param name="namespace">/customer</param>
<param name="actionName">page/success/register</param>
</result>
1、<global-exception-mappings>全局的异常映射,里面的result只能引用全局的result
2、测试案例
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Apache Struts</title>
<style type="text/css">
.container { width: 90% ; margin: 10px auto ; box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px 4px #dedede ; padding: 5px 5px ; }
ul .required { color : blue ; }
ul li { font-size: 16px ; padding: 5px 5px ; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h4> <global-results> 和 <global-exception-mappings> :</h4>
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/throw/hello?throw=true" >发生异常</a>
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/throw/hello?throw=false" >不发生异常</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="throw" namespace="/throw" extends="struts-default">
<global-results>
<!-- 在这里所写的 result 属于当前包 的全局 result -->
<result name="index" type="redirect">/results/index.jsp</result>
<result name="exception" type="dispatcher">/results/catch.jsp</result>
</global-results>
<!-- 全局的exception只能引用全局的result -->
<global-exception-mappings>
<exception-mapping exception="java.lang.RuntimeException"
result="exception" />
</global-exception-mappings>
<action name="hello" class="ecut.results.action.HelloAction">
<!-- 仅仅当前的 <action> 可以访问,属于局部的 result -->
<result name="success" type="dispatcher">/results/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
Action类
package ecut.results.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
public class HelloAction implements Action {
private boolean t ;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(t);
if( t ) {
throw new RuntimeException( "出错了" );
}
return SUCCESS;
}
//jsp中的属性名要和get方法保持一致
public boolean getThrow(){
return this.t ;
}
public void setThrow( boolean t ) {
this.t = t ;
}
}
jsp中的属性名只需要和getter setter 方法一致就行,必须要有setter方法,getter方法可以省略,这样才可以从jsp中的URL接收到来自页面的参数throw。不然throw默认是false。
catch.jsp
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>catch</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>catch</h1>
</body>
</html>
hello.jsp
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>hello</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
</body>
</html>
struts-plugin.xml中定义的result-type
1、struts-defualt.xml的json-default包中定义的result-type
<result-types> <result-type name="json" class="org.apache.struts2.json.JSONResult"/> <result-type name="jsonActionRedirect" class="org.apache.struts2.json.JSONActionRedirectResult"/> </result-types>
2、struts2-json-plugin测试案例
添加需要的jar包,下载链接https://files.cnblogs.com/files/AmyZheng/jckson%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E5%8C%85.rar
普通方法将object转换json代码如下:
package ecut.results.action; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Map; import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper; import ecut.results.entity.Customer; public class test { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Customer c = new Customer(); c.setPassword("123456"); c.setConfirm("123456"); c.setUsername("Amy"); ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper (); String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(c); System.out.println(json); Customer customer = mapper.readValue(json, Customer.class); System.out.println(customer.getUsername()+","+customer.getPassword()); Map<?,?> map = mapper.readValue(json, Map.class); for(Map.Entry<?, ?> entry: map.entrySet()){ System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+ entry.getValue()); } } }
利用Struts2插件将json进行转换,代码如下:
index.jsp
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Apache Struts</title> <style type="text/css"> .container { width: 90% ; margin: 10px auto ; box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px 4px #dedede ; padding: 5px 5px ; } ul .required { color : blue ; } ul li { font-size: 16px ; padding: 5px 5px ; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <h4> 使用 json 类型 :</h4> <a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/json/customer" >Java Bean</a> <a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/json/map" >Map</a> </div> </body> </html>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd"> <struts> <!-- JSON : JavaScript Object Notation --> <!-- json-default继承了struts-default并扩展了他 --> <package name="json" namespace="/json" extends="json-default"> <default-class-ref class="ecut.results.action.JsonAction" /> <action name="customer" method="bean"> <result name="success" type="json"> <!-- 指定 root 参数,可以确定 只将哪个属性 转换为 JSON 格式 --> <param name="root">customer</param> </result> </action> <action name="map" method="map"> <result name="success" type="json"> <param name="root">map</param> </result> </action> </package> </struts>
指定 root 参数,可以确定 只将哪个属性 转换为 JSON 格式
Action类
package ecut.results.action; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action; import ecut.results.entity.Customer; public class JsonAction implements Action { private Customer customer; private Map<String, Integer> map; @Override public String execute() throws Exception { return SUCCESS; } public String map() throws Exception { map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("各种粉", 4); map.put("藜蒿炒腊肉", 5); map.put("瓦罐汤", 3); return SUCCESS; } public String bean() throws Exception { customer = new Customer(); customer.setUsername("张三丰"); customer.setPassword("hello2017"); return SUCCESS; } public Customer getCustomer() { return customer; } public void setCustomer(Customer customer) { this.customer = customer; } public Map<String, Integer> getMap() { return map; } public void setMap(Map<String, Integer> map) { this.map = map; } }
添加json注解,使密码和确认密码不要进行序列化
result-type为stream
- contentType:指定文件类型,默认为text/plain即纯文本.(更多类型可查询tomcat安装目录下的conf目录的web.xml文件,例如application/vnd.ms-excel:Excel下载;application/octet-stream:文件下载),此处用image/jpeg。
- inputName:指定action中inputStream类型的属性名称,需要getter方法。
- contentDisposition:指定文件下载的处理方式,包括内联(inline)和附件(attachment)两种方式,而附件方式会弹出文件保存对话框。
- 否则浏览器会尝试直接显示文件。取值为:attachment;filename="${fileName}",表示文件下载的时候取名为通过EL表达式进行获取。
- filename="${fileName}"如同inline;filename="${fileName}",浏览器会尝试在线打开它;如果未指定filename属性则以浏览器的页面名作为文件名。
- bufferSize:输出时缓冲区的大小设置为 attachment 将会告诉浏览器下载该文件,filename 指定下载文件保有存时的文件名,若未指定将会是以浏览的页面名作为文件名,如以 download.action 作为文件名。这里使用的是动态文件名,${fileName}。它将通过 Action 的 getFileName() 获得文件名。也就是说Action里面要有一个getFileName ()的方法。
3、Serlet实现上传和下载和展示图片测试案例
下载
package ecut.response; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; @WebServlet( "/image/down" ) public class DownloadImageServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 448136179136896451L; @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" ); response.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" ); //下载文件名称 String filename = "Koala.jpg" ; //保存文件名称 String name = "考拉.jpg" ; Path source = Paths.get( "D:/" , filename ); response.setHeader( "content-type" , "image/jpeg" ); // 响应报头 content-disposition 用来设置 响应正文中的二进制数据是 在浏览器显示 还是 由浏览器下载 name = URLEncoder.encode( name , "UTF-8" ); // 如果文件名中含有汉字,则需要对汉字进行编码 System.out.println( "编码后:" + name ); response.setHeader( "content-disposition" , "attachment;filename='" + name + "'" ); // 获得可以向客户端发送二进制数据的字节输出流 ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); // 将 source 中的内容 "复制" 到 out 对应的输出流,实际上就完成了输出操作 Files.copy( source, out ) ; } }
展示
package ecut.response; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; @WebServlet( "/image/show" ) public class ShowImageServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1376233444161496825L; @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" ); response.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" ); response.setHeader( "content-type" , "image/jpeg" ); // 响应报头 content-disposition 用来设置 响应正文中的二进制数据是 在浏览器显示 还是 由浏览器下载 response.setHeader( "content-disposition" , "inline" ); //Path接口表示一个目录或一个文件对应的路径(它可以定位本地系统中的一个文件或目录) //Paths类是一个工具类,其中定义了两个静态方法,专门用来返回Path对象: //static Path get(String first, String... more)转换的路径字符串,或一个字符串序列,当加入形成一个路径字符串, Path。 Path source = Paths.get( "D:/Koala.jpg" ); //FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream( "D:/Koala.jpg" ); // 获得可以向客户端发送二进制数据的字节输出流 ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); // nio将 source 中的内容 "复制" 到 out 对应的输出流,实际上就完成了输出操作 Files.copy( source, out ) ; /* byte[] bytes = new byte[32] ; int n ; while( ( n = in.read( bytes ) ) != -1 ){ out.write( bytes , 0 , n ); } */ } }
4、Struts2利用 result-type为stream实现下载和展示图片测试案例
index.jsp
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Apache Struts</title> <style type="text/css"> .container { width: 90% ; margin: 10px auto ; box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px 4px #dedede ; padding: 5px 5px ; } ul .required { color : blue ; } ul li { font-size: 16px ; padding: 5px 5px ; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <h4> 使用 stream 类型 :</h4> <a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/stream/show" >显示</a> <a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/stream/down" >下载</a> <!-- 可以在 URL 中传递被下载的文件名,Action 中的 name 属性负责接收 --> <a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/stream/down?name=考拉.jpg" >下载</a> </div> </body> </html>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd"> <struts> <package name="stream" namespace="/stream" extends="struts-default"> <default-class-ref class="ecut.results.action.ImageAction" /> <action name="show"> <param name="storePath">D:/</param> <result name="success" type="stream"> <!-- inputName 属性用来指定 从哪个输入流中读取 文件 , 默认名称是 inputStream ( InputStream 类型 ) --> <param name="inputName">inputStream</param> <param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param> <param name="contentDisposition">inline</param> </result> </action> <action name="down"> <param name="storePath">D:/</param> <result name="success" type="stream"> <param name="inputName">inputStream</param> <param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param> <param name="contentDisposition">attachment;filename="${ name }"</param> </result> </action> </package> </struts>
JSP中可以通过${requestScope.name}获取到值,也可以直接${name}按照page-request-session-application 的顺序去查找,因此JSP中的name和Action中一致。在URL中没有指定name的时候Action中的name会给jsp中的name进行赋值,则name必须有getter。如果指定了,要从jsp中的URL接收到来自页面的参数name,则name必须要有setter方法。
Action类
package ecut.results.action; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action; public class ImageAction implements Action { private String storePath; // 文件的存储目录 private String filename; // 被下载的文件的名称 private String name; // 保存文件的名称 private InputStream inputStream; @Override public String execute() throws Exception { filename = "Koala.jpg"; // inputStream = new FileInputStream( "D:/"" + name ) ; Path path = Paths.get(storePath, filename); inputStream = Files.newInputStream(path); if (name != null) { name = URLEncoder.encode(name, "UTF-8"); }else{ name = filename; } return SUCCESS; } public String getStorePath() { return storePath; } public void setStorePath(String storePath) { this.storePath = storePath; } public String getFilename() { return filename; } public void setFilename(String filename) { this.filename = filename; } public InputStream getInputStream() { return inputStream; } public void setInputStream(InputStream inputStream) { this.inputStream = inputStream; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }