nginx下搭建fastcgi的开发环境

　　在上一章最简单理解CGI,FastCGI,WSGI  我们将fastcgi规范类比HTTP。下面我们通过一个案例更加明白fastcgi

　　我们使用的是 nginx作为前端 代理,我们包装了gevent_fastcgi FastCGIServer 作为我们的FastCGI Server。

　　nginx配置: 

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        # 所有以.py结尾的都发送到localhost:9000进行处理
        location ~.py{
            fastcgi_pass   localhost:9000;
            fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
            fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
            fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
            fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
            fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
            fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
            fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
            fastcgi_param  HTTPS              $https if_not_empty;
            fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
            fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx/$nginx_version;
            fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
            fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
            fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
            fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
            fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

　　　　下面在贴出 FasctCGI Server端的代码:

from gevent_fastcgi.server import FastCGIServer
from gevent_fastcgi.wsgi import WSGIRequestHandler


def wsgi_app(environ, start_response):
    print 'Request from ', environ['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
    yield '<html><head><title>test fastcgi</title></head><body>'
    yield '<table border="2">'
    for k, v in environ.items():
        yield '<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>'%(k, v)
    yield '</table>'
    yield '</body></html>'

request_handler = WSGIRequestHandler(wsgi_app)
server = FastCGIServer(('127.0.0.1', 9000), request_handler, num_workers=4)
server.serve_forever()

　　　　使用了生成器的方式,性能比较高。

　　　　上面的代码该一下(改成WSGIServer)马上就能切换成 WSGI Server了，我们按照WSGI的规范进行扩展一下，就是一个支持WSGI Web框架了。现在应该很清楚CGI,FastCGI,WSGI技术了吧,只要把这些技术弄明白了,我们就能随意组合HTTP Server 和 运用服务器(FastCGI Server,WSGI Server等)。

　　　　分别运行nginx和运行上面的脚本程序.

　　　　输入任何以.py结尾的请求,将会输出一张 FastCGI的环境变量的表。例如: localhost/script/test.py

　　下面汇总一下CGI,FastCGI,WSGI相关的技术文章

　  CGI    粗谈CGI

　  FastCGI http://www.fastcgi.com/drupal/node/6?q=node/15

　  WSGI    http://wsgi.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html

 　 以及他们之间的关系   Python Web初学解惑之 WSGI、flup、fastcgi、web.py的关系

　 其实看源码和这些协议的白皮书是最好的,如果还有不明白的可以留言。关于这CGI,FastCGI,WSGI以及相关知识,我研究了一个星期, 都是直接看这些 协议 的标准说明书,也研究了很多实现了这些协议 的服务器，当然基本都是Python源码。所以大家有什么困惑可以互相交流一下。