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  • Google Optimization Tools介绍

    Google Optimization Tools(OR-Tools)是一款专门快速而便携地解决组合优化问题的套件。它包含了:

    • 约束编程求解器。
    • 简单而统一的接口,用于多种线性规划和混合整数规划求解,包括 CBCCLPGLOPGLPKGurobiCPLEX SCIP
    • 图算法 (最短路径、最小成本、最大流量、线性求和分配)。
    • 经典旅行推销员问题和车辆路径问题的算法。
    • 经典装箱和背包算法。

    Google使用C++开发了OR-Tools库,但支持Python,C#,或Java语言调用。

    安装Google OR-Tools

    Google OR-Tools的源码在[Github] google/or-tools。其它开发环境下的安装如下。

    Linux or Mac下安装

    1. 确认使用了Python 2.7+,3.5+版本,以及pip 9.0.1+版本。

    2. Mac OSX系统需要安装命令行工具Xcode,在Terminal中执行xcode-select --install

        Linux系统需要安装g++,在Terminal中执行sudo apt-get install g++ make

        如果使用C#请确认安装了Mono 4.2.0+的64位版本。

    3. 在Terminal中执行pip install --upgrade ortools直接安装Python版本的OR-Tools包。C++/Java/C#版本的链接为:MacUbuntu 17.04Ubuntu 16.04Ubuntu 14.04CentOS 7Debian 9 ,下载到指定目录后执行make all

    Windows下安装

    Python版本的包的安装和Linux一样,可自行选用合适的开发工具。若是使用C++、C#,推荐使用64位版本的Windows10操作系统,并且使用Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 或者 2017作为开发工具,相应的库文件下载地址为: Visual Studio 2017 the Visual Studio 2015

    • C++使用lib/ortools.lib, 并且将or‑tools/include添加到项目引用。
    • Java使用jar命令调用lib/com.google.ortools.lib的方式,并且将 ‑Djava.library.path=PATH_TO_or‑tools/lib添加到命令行。
    • C#添加bin/Google.OrTools.dll到项目依赖,或者使用NuGet搜索Google.OrTools进行安装。

    Demo

    以下是几种支持语言的demo,运行一下验证是否安装正确。 

    C++ 代码

    #include "ortools/linear_solver/linear_solver.h"
    #include "ortools/linear_solver/linear_solver.pb.h"
    
    namespace operations_research {
      void RunTest(
        MPSolver::OptimizationProblemType optimization_problem_type) {
        MPSolver solver("Glop", optimization_problem_type);
        MPVariable* const x = solver.MakeNumVar(0.0, 1, "x");
        MPVariable* const y = solver.MakeNumVar(0.0, 2, "y");
        MPObjective* const objective = solver.MutableObjective();
        objective->SetCoefficient(x, 1);
        objective->SetCoefficient(y, 1);
        objective->SetMaximization();
        solver.Solve();
        printf("
    Solution:");
        printf("
    x = %.1f", x->solution_value());
        printf("
    y = %.1f", y->solution_value());
      }
    
      void RunExample() {
        RunTest(MPSolver::GLOP_LINEAR_PROGRAMMING);
      }
    }
    
    int main(int argc, char** argv) {
      operations_research::RunExample();
      return 0;
    }

    C# 代码

    using System;
    using Google.OrTools.LinearSolver;
    
    public class my_program
    {
      private static void RunLinearProgrammingExample(String solverType)
      {
        Solver solver = Solver.CreateSolver("IntegerProgramming", solverType);
        Variable x = solver.MakeNumVar(0.0, 1.0, "x");
        Variable y = solver.MakeNumVar(0.0, 2.0, "y");
        Objective objective = solver.Objective();
        objective.SetCoefficient(x, 1);
        objective.SetCoefficient(y, 1);
        objective.SetMaximization();
        solver.Solve();
        Console.WriteLine("Solution:");
        Console.WriteLine("x = " + x.SolutionValue());
        Console.WriteLine("y = " + y.SolutionValue());
      }
    
      static void Main()
      {
        RunLinearProgrammingExample("GLOP_LINEAR_PROGRAMMING");
      }
    }

    Python 代码

    from __future__ import print_function
    from ortools.linear_solver import pywraplp
    
    def main():
      solver = pywraplp.Solver('SolveSimpleSystem',
                               pywraplp.Solver.GLOP_LINEAR_PROGRAMMING)
      x = solver.NumVar(0, 1, 'x')
      y = solver.NumVar(0, 2, 'y')
      objective = solver.Objective()
      objective.SetCoefficient(x, 1)
      objective.SetCoefficient(y, 1)
      objective.SetMaximization()
      solver.Solve()
      print('Solution:')
      print('x = ', x.solution_value())
      print('y = ', y.solution_value())
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
      main()

    Java 代码

    import com.google.ortools.linearsolver.MPConstraint;
    import com.google.ortools.linearsolver.MPObjective;
    import com.google.ortools.linearsolver.MPSolver;
    import com.google.ortools.linearsolver.MPVariable;
    
    public class my_program {
      static { System.loadLibrary("jniortools"); }
    
      private static MPSolver createSolver (String solverType) {
        return new MPSolver("my_program",
                            MPSolver.OptimizationProblemType.valueOf(solverType));
      }
    
      private static void runmy_program(String solverType,
                                                      boolean printModel) {
        MPSolver solver = createSolver(solverType);
        MPVariable x = solver.makeNumVar(0.0, 1.0, "x");
        MPVariable y = solver.makeNumVar(0.0, 2.0, "y");
        MPObjective objective = solver.objective();
        objective.setCoefficient(y, 1);
        objective.setMaximization();
        solver.solve();
        System.out.println("Solution:");
        System.out.println("x = " + x.solutionValue());
        System.out.println("y = " + y.solutionValue());
      }
    
      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        runmy_program("GLOP_LINEAR_PROGRAMMING", false);
      }
    }

    执行结果如图:

    下一篇这个系列的文章,将具体介绍一种约束求解的应用场景。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/BeanHsiang/p/8663625.html
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