The reason why people give up so quickly is because they look at how far they still have to go, instead of how far they have come
第二章
1.列表的操作 2.元组的操作
3.字符串操作 4.字典的操作
♣列表的操作：
列表：列表用于存储数据、操作数据的最常见的一种数据类型，可以支持数据的增、删、改、查
定义列表：
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys 4 some=["cat","dog","monkey"]
操作列表：
>追加zoo.append
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys 4 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey"] 5 zoo.append("donkey") 6 print(zoo)
#结果是:['cat', 'dog', 'monkey', 'donkey'],追加到列表的最后
>切片zoo[:]
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey","donkey","chiken"] 5 print(zoo[0])#只获取第一个值，精确的值，非列表 6 print(zoo[1:])#获取第二个及以后的全部值，以列表的显示展示 7 print(zoo[-1])#获取最后一个值，精确的值，非列表 8 print(zoo[1:-1])#获取下标1到-1的值，不包括-1，俗称顾头不顾尾 9 print(zoo[0::2])#2的意思是每隔2个取一次值 10 print(zoo[::2])#同zoo[0::2] ，凡是带有：的都是切取的列表 11 12 '''结果是： 13 cat 14 ['dog', 'monkey', 'donkey', 'chiken'] 15 chiken 16 ['dog', 'monkey', 'donkey'] 17 ['cat', 'monkey', 'chiken'] 18 ['cat', 'monkey', 'chiken'] 19 20 '''
>插入zoo.insert(i,x)
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey","donkey","chiken"] 5 zoo.insert(2,"Tiger")#2表示的是插入的位置 6 zoo.insert(10,"Tiger")#如果下脚标不存在，则在最后一个位置插入 10不存在，则在接近10 即最大脚标位置插入 7 print(zoo) 8 ''' 9 ['cat', 'dog', 'Tiger', 'monkey', 'donkey', 'chiken', 'Tiger'] 10 '''
>修改zoo[0]
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 5 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey","donkey","chiken"] 6 zoo[0]='dog'#修改下脚标为0的值，可见列表中可存储相同的值 7 print(zoo) 8 '''结果是： 9 ['dog', 'dog', 'monkey', 'donkey', 'chiken'] 10 '''
>删除del、pop、remove
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey","donkey","chiken"] 5 del zoo[2] #删除下脚标为2的值,monkey没了 6 print(zoo) 7 zoo.remove("dog")#删除指定的值，dog又没了 8 print(zoo) 9 zoo.pop()#删除最后一个值，参数默认是-1，chiken没了 10 print(zoo) 11 zoo.pop(-2)#参数是-2，删除的是倒数第二个值 12 print(zoo) 13 del zoo 14 print(zoo)#会报错，提示zoo未被定义，其实是删除了整个列表 15 '''结果是： 16 ['cat', 'dog', 'donkey', 'chiken'] 17 ['cat', 'donkey', 'chiken'] 18 ['cat', 'donkey'] 19 ['donkey'] 20 '''
>扩展 extend()
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey","donkey","chiken"] 5 bird=["Smew","Cuckoo","Partridge","Peafowl"] 6 zoo.extend(bird)#将bird中全部值扩展到zoo中 7 print(zoo) 8 '''结果： 9 ['cat', 'dog', 'monkey', 'donkey', 'chiken', 'Smew', 'Cuckoo', 'Partridge', 'Peafowl'] 10 '''
>统计zoo.count("")
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey","donkey","chiken","cat"] 5 count=zoo.count("cat")#统计元素cat在zoo列表中的个数 6 print(count)
'''结果：
2
'''
>排序sort()、翻转reverse
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey","donkey","chiken","Cat","1","!#@","陈"] 5 zoo.sort()#排序，默认排序规则是特殊字符，数字，大写字母A-Z，小写字母a-z等开头的排序，即ASICLL编码表顺序排列 6 print(zoo) 7 zoo.reverse()#翻转列表 8 print(zoo) 9 '''结果： 10 ['!#@', '1', 'Cat', 'cat', 'chiken', 'dog', 'donkey', 'monkey', 'xe9x99x88'] 11 '''
>下脚标查询index()
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey","donkey","chiken","cat","1","!#@","陈"] 5 lic0=zoo.index("cat")#查找cat的下脚标，只能显示第一个查到的下脚标 6 lic1=zoo.index("cat",1)#从下脚标1这个位置查找cat的下脚标 7 lic2=zoo.index("cat",1,6)#从下脚标1到6之间查找cat的下脚标 8 #lic3=zoo.index("cat",1,4)#报错，提示ValueError: 'cat' is not in list 9 print(lic0,lic1,lic2) 10 '''结果: 11 (0, 5, 5) 12 '''
>拷贝copy()
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass,copy 4 a=[1,2] 5 b=[a,3] 6 print(b) 7 c=copy.copy(b)#浅浅的copy 8 d=copy.deepcopy(b)#俗称深copy 9 print(c)#[[1, 2], 3] 10 print(d)#[[1, 2], 3] 11 a[1]=10 12 print(c)#通过copy()过来的值变化了 [[1, 10], 3] 13 print(d)#通过deepcopy()的值没有变化 [[1, 2], 3]
♣元组
元组：以小括号显示，与列表类似的类型，元组一旦创建，值便不可被修改，又叫只读列表。有两个属性：count()、index()
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 zoo=("dog","cat","monkey")#元组是只读列表，只有count、index属性
♣字典
字典一种key - value 的数据类型，字典的特点是：1.key是唯一的，即天生去重 2.无序
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo_dict={"1":["cat","dog"], 5 "2":["donkey","monkey"], 6 "3":["bird","tiger"] 7 } 8 print(zoo_dict)
>增加
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo_dict={"1":["cat","dog"], 5 "2":["donkey","monkey"], 6 "3":["bird","tiger"] 7 } 8 print(zoo_dict) 9 zoo_dict["3"]=["chiken","Smew"]#增加key=3的值，如果存在key=3，那么更新value值。 10 zoo_dict["4"]=["chiken","Smew"]#增加key=4的值 11 print(zoo_dict) 12 '''结果无序 13 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey']} 14 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['chiken', 'Smew']} 15 '''
>删除
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo_dict={"1":["cat","dog"], 5 "2":["donkey","monkey"], 6 "3":["bird","tiger"], 7 "4":["bird","tiger"] 8 } 9 print(zoo_dict) 10 zoo_dict.pop("1")#删除了key=1的值，标准的删除 11 print(zoo_dict) 12 del zoo_dict["2"]#另一种删除方式 13 print(zoo_dict) 14 zoo_dict.popitem()#随机删除一组数字 15 #del zoo_dict["5"]#删除不存在的key值报错 16 print(zoo_dict) 17 '''结果： 18 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']} 19 {'3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']} 20 {'3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']} 21 {'4': ['bird', 'tiger']} 22 '''
>修改
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 zoo_dict={"1":["cat","dog"], 5 "2":["donkey","monkey"], 6 "3":["bird","tiger"], 7 "4":["bird","tiger"] 8 } 9 zoo_dict["4"]=["tiger","bird"]#有则修改 10 zoo_dict["5"]=["tiger","bird"]#无则增加 11 print(zoo_dict) 12 ''' 13 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '5': ['tiger', 'bird'], '4': ['tiger', 'bird']} 14 '''
>查找
#! /user/bin/env python #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ import os,sys,getpass zoo_dict={"1":["cat","dog"], "2":["donkey","monkey"], "3":["bird","tiger"], "4":["bird","tiger"] } print(zoo_dict["4"])#查找key=4的值 print(zoo_dict.get("4"))#查找key=4的值 print(zoo_dict.get("6"))#查找key=6的值 没有也不报错,没有显示None print(zoo_dict["5"])#查找key=5的值，没有则报错 ''' Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:/python/newDay/Day1/Day2/liebiao.py", line 12, in <module> print(zoo_dict["5"])#查找key=5的值，没有则报错 KeyError: '5' ['bird', 'tiger'] ['bird', 'tiger'] None '''
>字典嵌套
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 animal={ 5 "zoo_dict":{"1":["cat","dog"], 6 "2":["donkey","monkey"], 7 "3":["bird","tiger"], 8 "4":["bird","tiger"]}, 9 "zoo_dict2":{"1":["cat","dog"], 10 "2":["donkey","monkey"], 11 "3":["bird","tiger"], 12 "4":["bird","tiger"]} 13 } 14 animal["zoo_dict"]["1"]="[cat]"#修改字典中的值 15 print(animal) 16 animal["zoo_dict"]["1"]+="cater"#拼接字符串 17 print(animal) 18 ''' 19 {'zoo_dict2': {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']}, 'zoo_dict': {'1': '[cat]', '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']}} 20 {'zoo_dict2': {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']}, 'zoo_dict': {'1': '[cat]cater', '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']}} 21 '''
>常用：
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass 4 5 zoo_dict={"1":["cat","dog"], 6 "2":["donkey","monkey"], 7 "3":["bird","tiger"], 8 "4":["bird","tiger"]} 9 zoo_dict2 = {"4": ["cat", "dog"], 10 "5": ["donkey", "monkey"], 11 "6": ["bird", "tiger"], 12 "7": ["bird", "tiger"]} 13 print(zoo_dict.values())#获取字典的value 14 print(zoo_dict.keys())#获取字典的key 15 print(zoo_dict.setdefault("1","cat")) 16 zoo_dict.update(zoo_dict2)#把zoo_dict2的key和value添加到zoo_dict里，注意：zoo_dict2中的key与zoo_dict中的key相同时，则能添加 17 print(zoo_dict) 18 print(zoo_dict.items())#字典迭代，生成以列表格式 19 ''' 20 [['cat', 'dog'], ['bird', 'tiger'], ['donkey', 'monkey'], ['bird', 'tiger']] 21 ['1', '3', '2', '4'] 22 ['cat', 'dog'] 23 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '5': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['cat', 'dog'], '7': ['bird', 'tiger'], '6': ['bird', 'tiger']} 24 [('1', ['cat', 'dog']), ('3', ['bird', 'tiger']), ('2', ['donkey', 'monkey']), ('5', ['donkey', 'monkey']), ('4', ['cat', 'dog']), ('7', ['bird', 'tiger']), ('6', ['bird', 'tiger'])] 25 '''
♣字符串操作：
引用自：http://www.cnblogs.com/zhxiang/p/3385242.html
1 Python 字符串操作（string替换、删除、截取、复制、连接、比较、查找、包含、大小写转换、分割等） 2 3 4 去空格及特殊符号 5 s.strip() .lstrip() .rstrip(',') 6 7 复制字符串 8 #strcpy(sStr1,sStr) 9 sStr= 'strcpy' 10 sStr = sStr 11 sStr= 'strcpy' 12 print sStr 13 14 连接字符串 15 #strcat(sStr1,sStr) 16 sStr= 'strcat' 17 sStr = 'append' 18 sStr+= sStr 19 print sStr 20 21 查找字符 22 #strchr(sStr1,sStr) 23 sStr= 'strchr' 24 sStr = 's' 25 nPos = sStr1.index(sStr) 26 print nPos 27 28 比较字符串 29 #strcmp(sStr1,sStr) 30 sStr= 'strchr' 31 sStr = 'strch' 32 print cmp(sStr1,sStr) 33 34 扫描字符串是否包含指定的字符 35 #strspn(sStr1,sStr) 36 sStr= '1345678' 37 sStr = '456' 38 #sStrand chars both in sStrand sStr 39 print len(sStrand sStr) 40 41 字符串长度 42 #strlen(sStr1) 43 sStr= 'strlen' 44 print len(sStr1) 45 46 将字符串中的大小写转换 47 #strlwr(sStr1) 48 sStr= 'JCstrlwr' 49 sStr= sStr1.upper() 50 #sStr= sStr1.lower() 51 print sStr 52 53 追加指定长度的字符串 54 #strncat(sStr1,sStr,n) 55 sStr= '1345' 56 sStr = 'abcdef' 57 n = 3 58 sStr+= sStr[0:n] 59 print sStr 60 61 字符串指定长度比较 62 #strncmp(sStr1,sStr,n) 63 sStr= '1345' 64 sStr = '13bc' 65 n = 3 66 print cmp(sStr1[0:n],sStr[0:n]) 67 68 复制指定长度的字符 69 #strncpy(sStr1,sStr,n) 70 sStr= '' 71 sStr = '1345' 72 n = 3 73 sStr= sStr[0:n] 74 print sStr 75 76 将字符串前n个字符替换为指定的字符 77 #strnset(sStr1,ch,n) 78 sStr= '1345' 79 ch = 'r' 80 n = 3 81 sStr= n * ch + sStr1[3:] 82 print sStr 83 84 扫描字符串 85 #strpbrk(sStr1,sStr) 86 sStr= 'cekjgdklab' 87 sStr = 'gka' 88 nPos = -1 89 for c in sStr1: 90 if c in sStr: 91 nPos = sStr1.index(c) 92 break 93 print nPos 94 95 翻转字符串 96 #strrev(sStr1) 97 sStr= 'abcdefg' 98 sStr= sStr1[::-1] 99 print sStr 100 101 查找字符串 102 #strstr(sStr1,sStr) 103 sStr= 'abcdefg' 104 sStr = 'cde' 105 print sStr1.find(sStr) 106 107 分割字符串 108 #strtok(sStr1,sStr) 109 sStr= 'ab,cde,fgh,ijk' 110 sStr = ',' 111 sStr= sStr1[sStr1.find(sStr) + 1:] 112 print sStr 113 或者 114 s = 'ab,cde,fgh,ijk' 115 print(s.split(',')) 116 117 连接字符串 118 delimiter = ',' 119 mylist = ['Brazil', 'Russia', 'India', 'China'] 120 print delimiter.join(mylist) 121 PHP 中 addslashes 的实现 122 def addslashes(s): 123 d = {'"':'\"', "'":"\'", " ":"\ ", "\":"\\"} 124 return ''.join(d.get(c, c) for c in s) 125 s = "John 'Johny' Doe (a.k.a. "Super Joe")\ " 126 print s 127 print addslashes(s) 128 129 只显示字母与数字 130 def OnlyCharNum(s,oth=''): 131 s = s.lower(); 132 fomart = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz013456789' 133 for c in s: 134 if not c in fomart: 135 s = s.replace(c,''); 136 return s; 137 print(OnlyStr("a000 aa-b"))
总结：
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 3 import os,sys,getpass,copy 4 a=[1,2] 5 b=[a,3] 6 print(b) 7 c=copy.copy(b)#浅浅的copy 8 d=copy.deepcopy(b)#俗称深copy 9 print(c)#[[1, 2], 3] 10 print(d)#[[1, 2], 3] 11 a[1]=10 12 print(c)#通过copy()过来的值变化了 [[1, 10], 3] 13 print(d)#通过deepcopy()的值没有变化 [[1, 2], 3] 14 15 ''' 16 zoo_dict={"1":["cat","dog"], 17 "2":["donkey","monkey"], 18 "3":["bird","tiger"], 19 "4":["bird","tiger"]} 20 zoo_dict2 = {"4": ["cat", "dog"], 21 "5": ["donkey", "monkey"], 22 "6": ["bird", "tiger"], 23 "7": ["bird", "tiger"]} 24 print(zoo_dict.values())#获取字典的value 25 print(zoo_dict.keys())#获取字典的key 26 print(zoo_dict.setdefault("1","cat")) 27 zoo_dict.update(zoo_dict2)#把zoo_dict2的key和value添加到zoo_dict里，注意：zoo_dict2中的key与zoo_dict中的key相同时，则能添加 28 print(zoo_dict) 29 print(zoo_dict.items())#字典迭代，生成以列表格式 30 ''' 31 ''' 32 [['cat', 'dog'], ['bird', 'tiger'], ['donkey', 'monkey'], ['bird', 'tiger']] 33 ['1', '3', '2', '4'] 34 ['cat', 'dog'] 35 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '5': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['cat', 'dog'], '7': ['bird', 'tiger'], '6': ['bird', 'tiger']} 36 [('1', ['cat', 'dog']), ('3', ['bird', 'tiger']), ('2', ['donkey', 'monkey']), ('5', ['donkey', 'monkey']), ('4', ['cat', 'dog']), ('7', ['bird', 'tiger']), ('6', ['bird', 'tiger'])] 37 ''' 38 39 ''' 40 animal["zoo_dict"]["1"]="[cat]"#修改字典中的值 41 print(animal) 42 animal["zoo_dict"]["1"]+="cater"#拼接字符串 43 print(animal) 44 ''' 45 ''' 46 {'zoo_dict2': {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']}, 'zoo_dict': {'1': '[cat]', '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']}} 47 {'zoo_dict2': {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']}, 'zoo_dict': {'1': '[cat]cater', '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']}} 48 ''' 49 50 51 ''' 52 53 print(zoo_dict["4"])#查找key=4的值 54 print(zoo_dict.get("4"))#查找key=4的值 55 print(zoo_dict.get("6"))#查找key=6的值 没有也不报错,没有显示None 56 print(zoo_dict["5"])#查找key=5的值，没有则报错 57 ''' 58 ''' 59 Traceback (most recent call last): 60 File "D:/python/newDay/Day1/Day2/liebiao.py", line 12, in <module> 61 print(zoo_dict["5"])#查找key=5的值，没有则报错 62 KeyError: '5' 63 ['bird', 'tiger'] 64 ['bird', 'tiger'] 65 None 66 ''' 67 68 ''' 69 zoo_dict["4"]=["tiger","bird"]#有则修改 70 zoo_dict["5"]=["tiger","bird"]#无则增加 71 print(zoo_dict) 72 ''' 73 ''' 74 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '5': ['tiger', 'bird'], '4': ['tiger', 'bird']} 75 ''' 76 77 ''' 78 print(zoo_dict) 79 zoo_dict.pop("1")#删除了key=1的值，标准的删除 80 print(zoo_dict) 81 del zoo_dict["2"]#另一种删除方式 82 print(zoo_dict) 83 zoo_dict.popitem()#随机删除一组数字 84 #del zoo_dict["5"]#删除不存在的key值报错 85 print(zoo_dict)''' 86 '''结果： 87 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']} 88 {'3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']} 89 {'3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '4': ['bird', 'tiger']} 90 {'4': ['bird', 'tiger']} 91 ''' 92 93 ''' 94 print(zoo_dict) 95 zoo_dict["3"]=["chiken","Smew"]#增加key=3的值，如果存在key=3，那么更新value值。 96 zoo_dict["4"]=["chiken","Smew"]#增加key=4的值 97 print(zoo_dict)''' 98 '''结果无序 99 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey']} 100 {'1': ['cat', 'dog'], '3': ['bird', 'tiger'], '2': ['donkey', 'monkey'], '4': ['chiken', 'Smew']} 101 ''' 102 103 #列表操作 104 ''' 105 zoo=["cat","dog","monkey","donkey","chiken","cat","1","!#@","陈"] 106 lic0=zoo.index("cat")#查找cat的下脚标，只能显示第一个查到的下脚标 107 lic1=zoo.index("cat",1)#从下脚标1这个位置查找cat的下脚标 108 lic2=zoo.index("cat",1,6)#从下脚标1到6之间查找cat的下脚标 109 #lic3=zoo.index("cat",1,4)#报错，提示ValueError: 'cat' is not in list 110 print(lic0,lic1,lic2) 111 ''' 112 '''结果: 113 (0, 5, 5) 114 ''' 115 116 ''' 117 zoo.sort()#排序，默认排序规则是特殊字符，数字，大写字母A-Z，小写字母a-z等开头的排序，即ASICLL编码表顺序排列 118 print(zoo) 119 zoo.reverse()#翻转列表 120 print(zoo) 121 ''' 122 123 '''结果： 124 ['!#@', '1', 'Cat', 'cat', 'chiken', 'dog', 'donkey', 'monkey', 'xe9x99x88'] 125 ''' 126 127 ''' 128 count=zoo.count("cat")#统计元素cat在zoo列表中的个数 129 print(count) 130 ''' 131 '''结果： 132 2 133 ''' 134 135 ''' 136 bird=["Smew","Cuckoo","Partridge","Peafowl"] 137 zoo.extend(bird)#将bird中全部值扩展到zoo中 138 print(zoo)''' 139 '''结果： 140 ['cat', 'dog', 'monkey', 'donkey', 'chiken', 'Smew', 'Cuckoo', 'Partridge', 'Peafowl'] 141 ''' 142 143 144 ''' 145 del zoo[2] #删除下脚标为2的值,monkey没了 146 print(zoo) 147 zoo.remove("dog")#删除指定的值，dog又没了 148 print(zoo) 149 zoo.pop()#删除最后一个值，参数默认是-1，chiken没了 150 print(zoo) 151 zoo.pop(-2)#参数是-2，删除的是倒数第二个值 152 print(zoo) 153 del zoo 154 print(zoo)#会保存，提示zoo未被定义，其实是删除了整个列表 155 ''' 156 '''结果是： 157 ['cat', 'dog', 'donkey', 'chiken'] 158 ['cat', 'donkey', 'chiken'] 159 ['cat', 'donkey'] 160 ['donkey'] 161 ''' 162 163 ''' 164 zoo[0]='dog'#修改下脚标为0的值，可见列表中可存储相同的值 165 print(zoo) 166 ''' 167 '''结果是： 168 ['dog', 'dog', 'monkey', 'donkey', 'chiken'] 169 ''' 170 171 ''' 172 zoo.insert(2,"Tiger")#2表示的是插入的位置 173 zoo.insert(10,"Tiger")#如果下脚标不存在，则在最后一个位置插入 10不存在，则在接近10 即最大脚标位置插入 174 print(zoo) 175 ''' 176 177 ''' 178 ['cat', 'dog', 'Tiger', 'monkey', 'donkey', 'chiken', 'Tiger'] 179 ''' 180 ''' 181 print(zoo[0])#只获取第一个值，精确的值，非列表 182 print(zoo[1:])#获取第二个及以后的全部值，以列表的显示展示 183 print(zoo[-1])#获取最后一个值，精确的值，非列表 184 print(zoo[1:-1])#获取下标1到-1的值，不包括-1，俗称顾头不顾尾 185 print(zoo[0::2])#2的意思是每隔2个取一次值 186 print(zoo[::2])#同zoo[0::2] ，凡是带有：的都是切取的列表 187 ''' 188 '''结果是： 189 cat 190 ['dog', 'monkey', 'donkey', 'chiken'] 191 chiken 192 ['dog', 'monkey', 'donkey'] 193 ['cat', 'monkey', 'chiken'] 194 ['cat', 'monkey', 'chiken'] 195 196 '''
♣购物车小程序
1 #!_-_coding:utf-8_-_ 2 #Author：chen 3 import os,sys 4 admin_user='admin.txt'#定义系统管理员文件 5 use_user='user.txt'#定义用户文件 6 7 admin=open(admin_user) 8 use=open(use_user) 9 admin_line=admin.readlines() 10 use_line=use.readlines() 11 12 admin.close() 13 use.close() 14 15 user_info={}#存放用户信息的字典 16 user_money=[] 17 newmoney=open("user.txt") 18 money=newmoney.readlines() 19 20 #print money 21 for user_line in money: 22 key_u=user_line.split()[0] 23 Money_value=user_line.split()[1] 24 user_info[key_u]=Money_value 25 26 All_goods={}#存放商品的字典 27 goods_value=[] 28 goods_open=open("goods.txt") 29 goods=goods_open.readlines() 30 goods_open.close() 31 #print(goods) 32 for goods_line in goods: 33 key=int(goods_line.split()[0]) 34 goods_value=goods_line.split()[1:] 35 All_goods[key]=goods_value#这是字典的应用，key对应的value 36 #print(All_goods[2][1]) 37 flag=True 38 count=0 39 while True: 40 user_name=input("输入用户名:") 41 while flag: 42 for user_admin in admin_line: 43 user_adm=user_admin.strip(" ") 44 if user_name == user_adm:#判断是否是管理员登录，是则进行下边操作 45 count += 1 46 print(All_goods) 47 choice_admin=input('【退出(q)】 | 【修改金额(编号)】 | 【添加（a)】') 48 if choice_admin=='q': 49 exit() 50 elif choice_admin=='a': 51 add_goods=input('商品名称：') 52 add_goods_funds=input("商品价格:") 53 newfile = open("goods.txt", "w") 54 for name, al in All_goods.items(): 55 newfile.write("%s"" " % name) 56 for new_F in al: 57 new_name = new_F[:1] 58 new_value = new_F[1:] 59 # print(new_name,new_value) 60 newfile.write("%s""%s"" " % (new_name, new_value)) 61 newfile.write(" ") 62 newfile.write("%s"" " % str(len(All_goods)+1)) 63 newfile.write("%s"" ""%s"" " % (add_goods, add_goods_funds)) 64 newfile.write(" ") 65 newfile.close() 66 elif choice_admin.isdigit():#判断管理员是否输入的是数字 67 choice_admin=int(choice_admin)#转换成int类型 68 if choice_admin<=key: 69 revise_fund = input("修改价格是：") 70 All_goods[choice_admin][1] =revise_fund 71 #print(All_goods) 72 newfile= open("goods.txt", "w")#打开商品文件，并赋予可写权限 73 for name, al in All_goods.items():# 74 newfile.write("%s"" " % name) 75 for new_F in al: 76 new_name=new_F[:1] 77 new_value = new_F[1:] 78 #print(new_name,new_value) 79 newfile.write("%s""%s"" " % (new_name,new_value)) 80 newfile.write(" ") 81 newfile.close()#文件的操作必须有关闭动作，否则，内容可能导致丢失 82 #continue 83 else: 84 print("不存在此商品，请重新选择:") 85 flag=True 86 else: 87 print("【33[91m 操作有误，请重新选择 33[0m】")#可以给字体颜色标红 88 #break 89 elif user_name!=user_adm:#如果不是管理员登录，则进行下边的循环 90 for user_use in use_line: 91 user_u,user_fund=user_use.strip(" ").split()#获取客户信息 92 if user_u==user_name:#判断是否是客户登录 93 count += 1 94 print(All_goods) 95 print("您的资金余额是:【%s】" % user_info[user_name])#调用字典，显示客户金额 96 choice_user=input('[退出(q) | 购买(编号)]') 97 #print("您的资金余额是:%s" % user_fund) 98 if choice_user=="q": 99 exit() 100 elif choice_user.isdigit(): 101 choice_user=int(choice_user) 102 if choice_user<=key:#判断用户选择是否是存在的编号 103 #print("您购买的商品是:%s"%All_goods[choice_user][0]) 104 #print(user_info[user_name],All_goods[choice_user][1]) 105 user_info[user_name]=int(user_info[user_name])#用户金额转换成int 106 All_goods[choice_user][1]=int(All_goods[choice_user][1])#shangpin金额转换成int 107 if user_info[user_name]<All_goods[choice_user][1]:#比较用户金额和商品金额大小 108 print("****您的金额不足***") 109 break 110 else: 111 user_info[user_name]=user_info[user_name]-All_goods[choice_user][1]#更新用户金额 112 user_info[user_name] = str(user_info[user_name]) 113 newfile = open("user.txt", "w")#以可写方式打开文件 114 for uname, al in user_info.items(): 115 newfile.write("%s"" "% uname) 116 for new_F in al: 117 new_value = new_F[0] 118 # print(new_name,new_value) 119 newfile.write("%s" % (new_value))#讲最新金额写入文件 120 newfile.write(" ") 121 newfile.close() 122 elif count==0: 123 print("您还不是系统用户，请注册后再登录！") 124 exit()
♣文件的操作演示
文件：
zhao 1000 qian 2000 zhou 15000
1 #! /user/bin/env python 2 #_-_coding:UTF-8_-_ 3 import os,sys 4 user={}#定义一个字典，用来存储数据 5 user_file='user.txt'#定义要操作的文件 6 open_user_file=open(user_file)#打开要操作的文件 7 count=0 8 #********下面是将文件中的内容存储到字典中*************** 9 while count<2: 10 for user_line in open_user_file.readlines():#迭代该文件 11 key_u=user_line.split()[0]#获取字典的key值 12 Money_value=user_line.split()[1]#获取字典的value值 13 user[key_u]=Money_value#将该文件中的内容存入uer{}字典中 14 print(user) 15 count+=1 16 #**********下面是将数据写入文件************************* 17 while count<5: 18 open_new_file = open(user_file, 'w')#以可读的方式打开要写入的文件，可以是新文件，没有则自动创建 19 for uname, al in user.iteritems():#迭代字典中的值(用户可对字典中的数据进行操作、修改)这里只演示存入文件 20 count+=1 21 open_new_file.write("%s"" ""%s"% (uname,al))#将数据写入文件，可以调整写入的样式，这里是key+空格+value 22 open_new_file.write(" ")#每个数据换行 23 open_user_file.close()#必要的存入字典的文件 24 open_new_file.close()#必要的关闭写入的文件
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