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  • Git使用笔记

    一、git commit --amend

    本地修改文件,并提交:

    git add .

    git commit -m "message"

    此时:

      如果发现 message 漏掉了一些信息,可以使用:

        git commit --amend -m "message ++++++++++ other message"

      如果发现有额外的文件漏掉,需要补充在上次的提交里,可以使用: 

        git add .

        git commit --amend --no-edit

      如果需要同时修改message,并提交文件,可以使用

        git add .

        git commit --amend -m "补充遗漏文件 message.file "

    通过git commit --amend可以避免生成无用的 commit-id,简化git log的记录,便于追踪。

    二、git rebase -i HEAD~n

    如果有多次提交,此时想合并 commit-id,可以使用:git rebase -i HEAD~n

    例子:

    git log:看到有下面三次提交
    "test3"
    "test2"
    "tes t1"

    git rebase -i HEAD~3

    生成:
    pick 9e3c5b3a tes t1 pick ac139d94 test2 pick 2d0f7f64 test3 # Rebase 73a555fb..2d0f7f64 onto 73a555fb (3 commands) # # Commands: # p, pick
    <commit> = use commit # r, reword <commit> = use commit, but edit the commit message # e, edit <commit> = use commit, but stop for amending # s, squash <commit> = use commit, but meld into previous commit # f, fixup <commit> = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message # x, exec <command> = run command (the rest of the line) using shell # b, break = stop here (continue rebase later with 'git rebase --continue') # d, drop <commit> = remove commit # l, label <label> = label current HEAD with a name # t, reset <label> = reset HEAD to a label # m, merge [-C <commit> | -c <commit>] <label> [# <oneline>] # . create a merge commit using the original merge commit's # . message (or the oneline, if no original merge commit was # . specified). Use -c <commit> to reword the commit message. # # These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom. # # If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST. # # However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted. # # Note that empty commits are commented out

    合并 commit-id 最常用的是 squash 和 fixup, 前者包含 commit message,后者不包含。

    修改vim文件为:
    pick 9e3c5b3a tes t1
    s ac139d94 test2
    f 2d0f7f64 test3
    wq保存退出
    上述表示:test3合并到test2,且不保留log message;test2合并到tes t1,保留commit
    生成:
    # This is a combination of 3 commits.
    # This is the 1st commit message:
    
    tes t1
    
    # This is the commit message #2:
    
    test2
    
    # The commit message #3 will be skipped:
    
    # test3
    
    # Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting

    此时,可以修改 tes t1 和 test2 这两次commit的log。删掉test2,tes t1修改为test5678。保存退出。

    git log:
    只有一条 test5678 log message,而tes t1,test2,test3 这三次修改的内容也被合并了。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Brickert/p/15620910.html
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