要把函数作为参数传递时,有两种方法:1.函数指针;2.仿函数.
函数指针的方法比较常用:
Code
typedef int (*pf)(int,int);
int f(pf p,int a,int b){
return p(a,b);
}
int add(int a,int b){
return a+b;
}
int main(){
cout<<f(add,1,2)<<endl;
}
typedef int (*pf)(int,int);
int f(pf p,int a,int b){
return p(a,b);
}
int add(int a,int b){
return a+b;
}
int main(){
cout<<f(add,1,2)<<endl;
}
但用函数指针时,它无法持有自己的状(局部状态,local states),仿函数就克服了这个缺点.
仿函数:
template<class T>
class Sum{
T res;
public:
Sum(T i=0):res(i){}
void operator()(T x){
res+=x;
}
T result() const{
return res;
}
};
template<class T>
struct testplus{
T operator()(const T& x,const T& y)const{
return x+y;
}
};
int main(){
list<double> l;
l.push_back(1.0);
l.push_back(2.0);
Sum<double> s;
s=for_each(l.begin(),l.end(),s);
cout<<"the sum is"<<s.result()<<endl;
//cout<<plus<int>(1,2)<<endl;//error for lost ()
testplus<int> plusobj;
cout<<plusobj(1,2)<<endl<<testplus<int>()(2,2);
}
class Sum{
T res;
public:
Sum(T i=0):res(i){}
void operator()(T x){
res+=x;
}
T result() const{
return res;
}
};
template<class T>
struct testplus{
T operator()(const T& x,const T& y)const{
return x+y;
}
};
int main(){
list<double> l;
l.push_back(1.0);
l.push_back(2.0);
Sum<double> s;
s=for_each(l.begin(),l.end(),s);
cout<<"the sum is"<<s.result()<<endl;
//cout<<plus<int>(1,2)<<endl;//error for lost ()
testplus<int> plusobj;
cout<<plusobj(1,2)<<endl<<testplus<int>()(2,2);
}