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  • Spring学习(六)—— Spring注解(二)

    核心原理

    1.       用户发送请求给服务器。url:user.do

    2.       服务器收到请求。发现Dispatchservlet可以处理。于是调用DispatchServlet。

    3.       DispatchServlet内部,通过HandleMapping检查这个url有没有对应的Controller。如果有,则调用Controller。

    4、    Control开始执行

    5.       Controller执行完毕后,如果返回字符串,则ViewResolver将字符串转化成相应的视图对象;如果返回ModelAndView对象,该对象本身就包含了视图对象信息。

    6.       DispatchServlet将执视图对象中的数据,输出给服务器。

    7.       服务器将数据输出给客户端。

    spring3.0中相关jar包的含义

    org.springframework.aop-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

    spring的aop面向切面编程

    org.springframework.asm-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

    spring独立的asm字节码生成程序

    org.springframework.beans-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

    IOC的基础实现

    org.springframework.context-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

    IOC基础上的扩展服务

    org.springframework.core-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

    spring的核心包

    org.springframework.expression-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

    spring的表达式语言

    org.springframework.web-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

    web工具包

    org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar

    mvc工具包

    @Controller控制器定义

    和Struts1一样,Spring的Controller是Singleton的。这就意味着会被多个请求线程共享。因此,我们将控制器设计成无状态类。

    在spring 3.0中,通过@controller标注即可将class定义为一个controller类。为使spring能找到定义为controller的bean,需要在spring-context配置文件中增加如下定义:

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.sxt.web"/>

     

             注:实际上,使用@component,也可以起到@Controller同样的作用。

    @RequestMapping

        在类前面定义,则将url和类绑定。

       在方法前面定义,则将url和类的方法绑定

    @RequestParam

             一般用于将指定的请求参数付给方法中形参。示例代码如下:

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg5")
    
        public String reg5(@RequestParam("name")String uname,ModelMap map) {
    
           System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");
    
           System.out.println(uname);
    
           return"index";
    
        }

        这样,就会将name参数的值付给uname。当然,如果请求参数名称和形参名称保持一致,则不需要这种写法。

    @SessionAttributes

        将ModelMap中指定的属性放到session中。示例代码如下:

    @Controller
    
    @RequestMapping("/user.do")
    
    @SessionAttributes({"u","a"})   //将ModelMap中属性名字为u、a的再放入session中。这样,request和session中都有了。
    
    publicclass UserController  {
    
        @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4")
    
        public String reg4(ModelMap map) {         System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");
    
           map.addAttribute("u","uuuu");  //将u放入request作用域中,这样转发页面也可以取到这个数据。
    
           return"index";
    
        }
    
    }
    <body>
    
       <h1>**********${requestScope.u.uname}</h1>
    
       <h1>**********${sessionScope.u.uname}</h1>
    
      </body>

       

        注:名字为”user”的属性再结合使用注解@SessionAttributes可能会报错。

    @ModelAttribute

          这个注解可以跟@SessionAttributes配合在一起用。可以将ModelMap中属性的值通过该注解自动赋给指定变量。

        示例代码如下:

    package com.sxt.web;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    
    import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
    
    @Controller
    
    @RequestMapping("/user.do")
    
    @SessionAttributes({"u","a"}) 
    
    publicclass UserController  {
    
       
    
        @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4")
    
        public String reg4(ModelMap map) {
    
           System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");
    
           map.addAttribute("u","尚学堂高淇");
    
           return"index";
    
        }
    
       
    
        @RequestMapping(params="method=reg5")
    
    public String reg5(@ModelAttribute("u")String uname ,ModelMap map) {
    
           System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");
    
           System.out.println(uname);
    
           return"index";
    
        }
    
       
    
    } 

    先调用reg4方法,再调用reg5方法。 

    Controller类中方法参数的处理

    Controller类中方法返回值的处理

    1.       返回string(建议)

    a)         根据返回值找对应的显示页面。路径规则为:prefix前缀+返回值+suffix后缀组成

    b)         代码如下:

    @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4")
    
        public String reg4(ModelMap map) {
    
           System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");
    
           return"index";
    
        }

    前缀为:/WEB-INF/jsp/    后缀是:.jsp

    在转发到:/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp

    2.       也可以返回ModelMap、ModelAndView、map、List、Set、Object、无返回值。一般建议返回字符串!

    请求转发和重定向

             代码示例:

    package com.sxt.web;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    
    import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
    
     
    
    @Controller
    
    @RequestMapping("/user.do")
    
    publicclass UserController  {
    
       
    
        @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4")
    
        public String reg4(ModelMap map) {
    
           System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");
    
    //     return "forward:index.jsp";
    
    //     return "forward:user.do?method=reg5"; //转发
    
    //     return "redirect:user.do?method=reg5";  //重定向
    
           return"redirect:http://www.baidu.com";  //重定向
    
        }
    
       
    
        @RequestMapping(params="method=reg5")
    
        public String reg5(String uname,ModelMap map) {
    
           System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");
    
           System.out.println(uname);
    
           return"index";
    
        }
    
       
    
    }     

             访问reg4方法,既可以看到效果。

      

    获得request对象、session对象

    普通的Controller类,示例代码如下:

    @Controller
    
    @RequestMapping("/user.do")
    
    publicclass UserController  {
    
        @RequestMapping(params="method=reg2")
    
        public String reg2(String uname,HttpServletRequest req,ModelMap map){
    
           req.setAttribute("a", "aa");
    
           req.getSession().setAttribute("b", "bb");
    
           return"index";
    
        }
    
    }

    ModelMap

             是map的实现,可以在其中存放属性,作用域同request。下面这个示例,我们可以在modelMap中放入数据,然后在forward的页面上显示这些数据。通过el表达式、JSTL、java代码均可。代码如下:

            

    package com.sxt.web;
    
     
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    
    import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController;
    
     
    
    @Controller
    
    @RequestMapping("/user.do")
    
    publicclass UserController extends MultiActionController  {
    
       
    
        @RequestMapping(params="method=reg")
    
        public String reg(String uname,ModelMap map){
    
           map.put("a", "aaa");
    
           return"index";
    
        }
    
    }
    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>
    
    <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
    
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    
    <html>
    
      <head></head>
    
      <body>
    
           <h1>${requestScope.a}</h1>
    
           <c:out value="${requestScope.a}"></c:out>
    
      </body>
    
    </html>

    将属性u的值赋给形参uname

    ModelAndView模型视图类

    见名知意,从名字上我们可以知道ModelAndView中的Model代表模型,View代表视图。即,这个类把要显示的数据存储到了Model属性中,要跳转的视图信息存储到了view属性。我们看一下ModelAndView的部分源码,即可知其中关系:

    [java] view plaincopy
     
    public class ModelAndView {  
      
        /** View instance or view name String */  
        private Object view;  
      
        /** Model Map */  
        private ModelMap model;  
      
        /** 
         * Indicates whether or not this instance has been cleared with a call to {@link #clear()}. 
         */  
        private boolean cleared = false;  
      
      
        /** 
         * Default constructor for bean-style usage: populating bean 
         * properties instead of passing in constructor arguments. 
         * @see #setView(View) 
         * @see #setViewName(String) 
         */  
        public ModelAndView() {  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Convenient constructor when there is no model data to expose. 
         * Can also be used in conjunction with <code>addObject</code>. 
         * @param viewName name of the View to render, to be resolved 
         * by the DispatcherServlet's ViewResolver 
         * @see #addObject 
         */  
        public ModelAndView(String viewName) {  
            this.view = viewName;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Convenient constructor when there is no model data to expose. 
         * Can also be used in conjunction with <code>addObject</code>. 
         * @param view View object to render 
         * @see #addObject 
         */  
        public ModelAndView(View view) {  
            this.view = view;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Creates new ModelAndView given a view name and a model. 
         * @param viewName name of the View to render, to be resolved 
         * by the DispatcherServlet's ViewResolver 
         * @param model Map of model names (Strings) to model objects 
         * (Objects). Model entries may not be <code>null</code>, but the 
         * model Map may be <code>null</code> if there is no model data. 
         */  
        public ModelAndView(String viewName, Map<String, ?> model) {  
            this.view = viewName;  
            if (model != null) {  
                getModelMap().addAllAttributes(model);  
            }  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Creates new ModelAndView given a View object and a model. 
         * <emphasis>Note: the supplied model data is copied into the internal 
         * storage of this class. You should not consider to modify the supplied 
         * Map after supplying it to this class</emphasis> 
         * @param view View object to render 
         * @param model Map of model names (Strings) to model objects 
         * (Objects). Model entries may not be <code>null</code>, but the 
         * model Map may be <code>null</code> if there is no model data. 
         */  
        public ModelAndView(View view, Map<String, ?> model) {  
            this.view = view;  
            if (model != null) {  
                getModelMap().addAllAttributes(model);  
            }  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Convenient constructor to take a single model object. 
         * @param viewName name of the View to render, to be resolved 
         * by the DispatcherServlet's ViewResolver 
         * @param modelName name of the single entry in the model 
         * @param modelObject the single model object 
         */  
        public ModelAndView(String viewName, String modelName, Object modelObject) {  
            this.view = viewName;  
            addObject(modelName, modelObject);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Convenient constructor to take a single model object. 
         * @param view View object to render 
         * @param modelName name of the single entry in the model 
         * @param modelObject the single model object 
         */  
        public ModelAndView(View view, String modelName, Object modelObject) {  
            this.view = view;  
            addObject(modelName, modelObject);  
        }  
      
      
        /** 
         * Set a view name for this ModelAndView, to be resolved by the 
         * DispatcherServlet via a ViewResolver. Will override any 
         * pre-existing view name or View. 
         */  
        public void setViewName(String viewName) {  
            this.view = viewName;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Return the view name to be resolved by the DispatcherServlet 
         * via a ViewResolver, or <code>null</code> if we are using a View object. 
         */  
        public String getViewName() {  
            return (this.view instanceof String ? (String) this.view : null);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Set a View object for this ModelAndView. Will override any 
         * pre-existing view name or View. 
         */  
        public void setView(View view) {  
            this.view = view;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Return the View object, or <code>null</code> if we are using a view name 
         * to be resolved by the DispatcherServlet via a ViewResolver. 
         */  
        public View getView() {  
            return (this.view instanceof View ? (View) this.view : null);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Indicate whether or not this <code>ModelAndView</code> has a view, either 
         * as a view name or as a direct {@link View} instance. 
         */  
        public boolean hasView() {  
            return (this.view != null);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Return whether we use a view reference, i.e. <code>true</code> 
         * if the view has been specified via a name to be resolved by the 
         * DispatcherServlet via a ViewResolver. 
         */  
        public boolean isReference() {  
            return (this.view instanceof String);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Return the model map. May return <code>null</code>. 
         * Called by DispatcherServlet for evaluation of the model. 
         */  
        protected Map<String, Object> getModelInternal() {  
            return this.model;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Return the underlying <code>ModelMap</code> instance (never <code>null</code>). 
         */  
        public ModelMap getModelMap() {  
            if (this.model == null) {  
                this.model = new ModelMap();  
            }  
            return this.model;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Return the model map. Never returns <code>null</code>. 
         * To be called by application code for modifying the model. 
         */  
        public Map<String, Object> getModel() {  
            return getModelMap();  
        }  
      
      
        /** 
         * Add an attribute to the model. 
         * @param attributeName name of the object to add to the model 
         * @param attributeValue object to add to the model (never <code>null</code>) 
         * @see ModelMap#addAttribute(String, Object) 
         * @see #getModelMap() 
         */  
        public ModelAndView addObject(String attributeName, Object attributeValue) {  
            getModelMap().addAttribute(attributeName, attributeValue);  
            return this;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Add an attribute to the model using parameter name generation. 
         * @param attributeValue the object to add to the model (never <code>null</code>) 
         * @see ModelMap#addAttribute(Object) 
         * @see #getModelMap() 
         */  
        public ModelAndView addObject(Object attributeValue) {  
            getModelMap().addAttribute(attributeValue);  
            return this;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Add all attributes contained in the provided Map to the model. 
         * @param modelMap a Map of attributeName -> attributeValue pairs 
         * @see ModelMap#addAllAttributes(Map) 
         * @see #getModelMap() 
         */  
        public ModelAndView addAllObjects(Map<String, ?> modelMap) {  
            getModelMap().addAllAttributes(modelMap);  
            return this;  
        }  
      
      
        /** 
         * Clear the state of this ModelAndView object. 
         * The object will be empty afterwards. 
         * <p>Can be used to suppress rendering of a given ModelAndView object 
         * in the <code>postHandle</code> method of a HandlerInterceptor. 
         * @see #isEmpty() 
         * @see HandlerInterceptor#postHandle 
         */  
        public void clear() {  
            this.view = null;  
            this.model = null;  
            this.cleared = true;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Return whether this ModelAndView object is empty, 
         * i.e. whether it does not hold any view and does not contain a model. 
         */  
        public boolean isEmpty() {  
            return (this.view == null && CollectionUtils.isEmpty(this.model));  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Return whether this ModelAndView object is empty as a result of a call to {@link #clear} 
         * i.e. whether it does not hold any view and does not contain a model. 
         * <p>Returns <code>false</code> if any additional state was added to the instance 
         * <strong>after</strong> the call to {@link #clear}. 
         * @see #clear() 
         */  
        public boolean wasCleared() {  
            return (this.cleared && isEmpty());  
        }  
      
      
        /** 
         * Return diagnostic information about this model and view. 
         */  
        @Override  
        public String toString() {  
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("ModelAndView: ");  
            if (isReference()) {  
                sb.append("reference to view with name '").append(this.view).append("'");  
            }  
            else {  
                sb.append("materialized View is [").append(this.view).append(']');  
            }  
            sb.append("; model is ").append(this.model);  
            return sb.toString();  
        }  
    }  


     

    测试代码如下:
    package com.sxt.web;  
      
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;  
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController;  
      
    import com.sxt.po.User;  
      
    @Controller  
    @RequestMapping("/user.do")  
    public class UserController extends MultiActionController  {  
          
        @RequestMapping(params="method=reg")  
        public ModelAndView reg(String uname){  
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();  
            mv.setViewName("index");  
    //      mv.setView(new RedirectView("index"));  
              
            User u = new User();  
            u.setUname("高淇");  
            mv.addObject(u);   //查看源代码,得知,直接放入对象。属性名为”首字母小写的类名”。 一般建议手动增加属性名称。  
            mv.addObject("a", "aaaa");  
            return mv;  
        }  
      
    }  
    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>  
    <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>  
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">  
    <html>  
      <head>  
      </head>  
      <body>  
           <h1>${requestScope.a}</h1>  
           <h1>${requestScope.user.uname}</h1>  
      </body>  
    </html>  

    地址栏输入:http://localhost:8080/springmvc03/user.do?method=reg 

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ChrisMurphy/p/5069745.html
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