Java -- POI -- 入门使用以及简单介绍

 1.创建工作簿 (WORKBOOK)

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close(); 

2.创建工作表（SHEET）

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("second sheet");  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

3.创建单元格(CELL)

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.  

        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);  

        // Create a cell and put a value in it.  

        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0);  

        cell.setCellValue(1);  

        // Or do it on one line.  

        row.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(1.2);  

        row.createCell((short)2).setCellValue("This is a string");  

        row.createCell((short)3).setCellValue(true);  

        // Write the output to a file  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

4.创建指定单元格式的单元格

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.  

        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);  

        // Create a cell and put a date value in it.  The first cell is not styled  

        // as a date.  

        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0);  

        cell.setCellValue(new Date());  

        // we style the second cell as a date (and time).  It is important to  

        // create a new cell style from the workbook otherwise you can end up  

        // modifying the built in style and effecting not only this cell but other cells.  

        HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();  

        cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("m/d/yy h:mm"));  

        cell = row.createCell((short)1);  

        cell.setCellValue(new Date());  

        cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);  

        // Write the output to a file  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

5. 单元格的不同格式

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)2);  

        row.createCell((short) 0).setCellValue(1.1);  

        row.createCell((short) 1).setCellValue(new Date());  

        row.createCell((short) 2).setCellValue("a string");  

        row.createCell((short) 3).setCellValue(true);  

        row.createCell((short) 4).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR);  

        // Write the output to a file  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

6.单元格的不通对齐方式

        public static void main(String[] args)  

                throws IOException  

        {  

            HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

            HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

            HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 2);  

            createCell(wb, row, (short) 0, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);  

            createCell(wb, row, (short) 1, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER_SELECTION);  

            createCell(wb, row, (short) 2, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_FILL);  

            createCell(wb, row, (short) 3, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_GENERAL);  

            createCell(wb, row, (short) 4, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_JUSTIFY);  

            createCell(wb, row, (short) 5, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);  

            createCell(wb, row, (short) 6, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);  

            // Write the output to a file  

            FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

            wb.write(fileOut);  

            fileOut.close();  

        }  

        /** 

         * Creates a cell and aligns it a certain way. 

         * 

         * @param wb        the workbook 

         * @param row       the row to create the cell in 

         * @param column    the column number to create the cell in 

         * @param align     the alignment for the cell. 

         */  

        private static void createCell(HSSFWorkbook wb, HSSFRow row, short column, short align)  

        {  

            HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);  

            cell.setCellValue("Align It");  

            HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();  

            cellStyle.setAlignment(align);  

            cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);  

        }  

7.单元格的边框设置

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.  

        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);  

        // Create a cell and put a value in it.  

        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);  

        cell.setCellValue(4);  

        // Style the cell with borders all around.  

        HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();  

        style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  

        style.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);  

        style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  

        style.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.GREEN.index);  

        style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  

        style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);  

        style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED);  

        style.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);  

        cell.setCellStyle(style);  

        // Write the output to a file  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

8.填充和颜色设置

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.  

        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);  

        // Aqua background  

        HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();  

        style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);  

        style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);  

        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);  

        cell.setCellValue("X");  

        cell.setCellStyle(style);  

        // Orange "foreground", foreground being the fill foreground not the font color.  

        style = wb.createCellStyle();  

        style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);  

        style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);  

        cell = row.createCell((short) 2);  

        cell.setCellValue("X");  

        cell.setCellStyle(style);  

        // Write the output to a file  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

9.合并单元格操作

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);  

        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);  

        cell.setCellValue("This is a test of merging");  

        sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1,(short)1,1,(short)2));  

        // Write the output to a file  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close(); 

10.字体设置

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.  

        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);  

        // Create a new font and alter it.  

        HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();  

        font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)24);  

        font.setFontName("Courier New");  

        font.setItalic(true);  

        font.setStrikeout(true);  

        // Fonts are set into a style so create a new one to use.  

        HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();  

        style.setFont(font);  

        // Create a cell and put a value in it.  

        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);  

        cell.setCellValue("This is a test of fonts");  

        cell.setCellStyle(style);  

        // Write the output to a file  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close(); 

11.自定义颜色

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet();  

        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 0);  

        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 0);  

        cell.setCellValue("Default Palette");  

        //apply some colors from the standard palette,  

        // as in the previous examples.  

        //we'll use red text on a lime background  

        HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();  

        style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);  

        style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);  

        HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();  

        font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);  

        style.setFont(font);  

        cell.setCellStyle(style);  

        //save with the default palette  

        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("default_palette.xls");  

        wb.write(out);  

        out.close();  

        //now, let's replace RED and LIME in the palette  

        // with a more attractive combination  

        // (lovingly borrowed from freebsd.org)  

        cell.setCellValue("Modified Palette");  

        //creating a custom palette for the workbook  

        HSSFPalette palette = wb.getCustomPalette();  

        //replacing the standard red with freebsd.org red  

        palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.RED.index,  

                (byte) 153,  //RGB red (0-255)  

                (byte) 0,    //RGB green  

                (byte) 0     //RGB blue  

        );  

        //replacing lime with freebsd.org gold  

        palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.LIME.index, (byte) 255, (byte) 204, (byte) 102);  

        //save with the modified palette  

        // note that wherever we have previously used RED or LIME, the  

        // new colors magically appear  

        out = new FileOutputStream("modified_palette.xls");  

        wb.write(out);  

        out.close(); 

12.读和重写EXCEL文件

        POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("workbook.xls"));  

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);  

        HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(2);  

        HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short)3);  

        if (cell == null)  

            cell = row.createCell((short)3);  

        cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);  

        cell.setCellValue("a test");  

        // Write the output to a file  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

13.在EXCEL单元格中使用自动换行

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet s = wb.createSheet();  

        HSSFRow r = null;  

        HSSFCell c = null;  

        HSSFCellStyle cs = wb.createCellStyle();  

        HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();  

        HSSFFont f2 = wb.createFont();  

        cs = wb.createCellStyle();  

        cs.setFont( f2 );  

        //Word Wrap MUST be turned on  

        cs.setWrapText( true );  

        r = s.createRow( (short) 2 );  

        r.setHeight( (short) 0x349 );  

        c = r.createCell( (short) 2 );  

        c.setCellType( HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING );  

        c.setCellValue( "Use /n with word wrap on to create a new line" );  

        c.setCellStyle( cs );  

        s.setColumnWidth( (short) 2, (short) ( ( 50 * 8 ) / ( (double) 1 / 20 ) ) );  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( "workbook.xls" );  

        wb.write( fileOut );  

        fileOut.close();  

14.数字格式自定义

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");  

        HSSFCellStyle style;  

        HSSFDataFormat format = wb.createDataFormat();  

        HSSFRow row;  

        HSSFCell cell;  

        short rowNum = 0;  

        short colNum = 0;  

        row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);  

        cell = row.createCell(colNum);  

        cell.setCellValue(11111.25);  

        style = wb.createCellStyle();  

        style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("0.0"));  

        cell.setCellStyle(style);  

        row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);  

        cell = row.createCell(colNum);  

        cell.setCellValue(11111.25);  

        style = wb.createCellStyle();  

        style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("#,##0.0000"));  

        cell.setCellStyle(style);  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

15.调整工作单位置

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");  

        HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup();  

        sheet.setAutobreaks(true);  

        ps.setFitHeight((short)1);  

        ps.setFitWidth((short)1);   



        // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

16.设置打印区域

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");  

        wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");  

        //sets the print area for the first sheet  

        //Alternatively:  

        //wb.setPrintArea(0, 0, 1, 0, 0) is equivalent to using the name reference (See the JavaDocs for more details)  

        // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

17.标注脚注

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");  

        HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter()  

        footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );  



        // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

18.使用方便的内部提供的函数

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet( "new sheet" );  

        // Create a merged region  

        HSSFRow row = sheet1.createRow( (short) 1 );  

        HSSFRow row2 = sheet1.createRow( (short) 2 );  

        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell( (short) 1 );  

        cell.setCellValue( "This is a test of merging" );  

        Region region = new Region( 1, (short) 1, 4, (short) 4 );  

        sheet1.addMergedRegion( region );  

        // Set the border and border colors.  

        final short borderMediumDashed = HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED;  

        HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderBottom( borderMediumDashed,  

            region, sheet1, wb );  

        HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderTop( borderMediumDashed,  

            region, sheet1, wb );  

        HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderLeft( borderMediumDashed,  

            region, sheet1, wb );  

        HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderRight( borderMediumDashed,  

            region, sheet1, wb );  

        HSSFRegionUtil.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);  

        HSSFRegionUtil.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);  

        HSSFRegionUtil.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);  

        HSSFRegionUtil.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);  

        // Shows some usages of HSSFCellUtil  

        HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();  

        style.setIndention((short)4);  

        HSSFCellUtil.createCell(row, 8, "This is the value of the cell", style);  

        HSSFCell cell2 = HSSFCellUtil.createCell( row2, 8, "This is the value of the cell");  

        HSSFCellUtil.setAlignment(cell2, wb, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);  

        // Write out the workbook  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( "workbook.xls" );  

        wb.write( fileOut );  

        fileOut.close();  

19.在工作单中移动行，调整行的上下位置

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");  

        // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.  

        // Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top (rows 0 - 5)  

        sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5);  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close(); 

20.选种指定的工作单

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");  

        sheet.setSelected(true);  

        // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

21.工作单的放大缩小

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        sheet1.setZoom(3,4);   // 75 percent magnification  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

22.头注和脚注

        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  

        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  

        HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader();  

        header.setCenter("Center Header");  

        header.setLeft("Left Header");  

        header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") +  

                        HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16");  

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");  

        wb.write(fileOut);  

        fileOut.close();  

三、重点介绍

一个excel文档必备的内容都有什么呢：

1、文档的名字和保存的位置。（文档以xls结尾）

2、sheet页，一个excel文档可以包括多个sheet页

3、行

4、单元格（有些单元格是合并的）

5、单元格样式(包括背景颜色、对其方式等)

  HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();  //创建excel  

    HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");  //创建多个sheet页  
    HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("second sheet");    

    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();  //设置单元格背景颜色  
    style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);  
    style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.YELLOW.index);  

    HSSFRow row = sheet1.createRow((short)0);//创建一行数据，  

    row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1);  //给第一行数据赋值  
    row.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(1.2);    
    row.createCell((short)2).setCellValue("This is a string");    
    HSSFCell cell =  row.createCell((short)3);  
    cell.setCellValue(true);  
    cell.setCellStyle(style);//设置单元格背景颜色  

    sheet1.addMergedRegion(new Region(0,(short)1,1,(short)1));  //合并单元格  






 HSSFCellStyle style_green = wb.createCellStyle();  //设置单元格背景颜色  
    style_green.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);   
    style_green.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);   
    style_green.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); //下边框    
    style_green.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//左边框    
    style_green.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框    
    style_green.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框    
    style_green.setWrapText( true );//自动回车  
    style_green.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//设置竖直方向居中  
    style_green.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//设置水平方向居中  



sheet.setColumnWidth( (short) k, (short) ( ( 50 * 4 ) / ( (double) 1 / 20 ) ) );//设置单元格宽度




row1.setHeight((short) 0x220 );//设置行高度 

页面弹出保存位置：

    req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");  
    resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");  
    resp.setContentType("application/x-download");  
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss");  
    String filedisplay = sdf.format(new Date())+".xls";  
    filedisplay = URLEncoder.encode(filedisplay, "UTF-8");  
    resp.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+ filedisplay);  
    OutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();  
    wb.write(out);  

背景颜色：

HSSFColor.ROYAL_BLUE     
HSSFColor.TEAL   
HSSFColor.LIME   
HSSFColor.PALE_BLUE      
HSSFColor.AQUA   
HSSFColor.GREEN      
HSSFColor.TURQUOISE      
HSSFColor.DARK_BLUE      
HSSFColor.CORNFLOWER_BLUE    
HSSFColor.OLIVE_GREEN    
HSSFColor.WHITE      
HSSFColor.LIGHT_TURQUOISE    
HSSFColor.LEMON_CHIFFON      
HSSFColor.LIGHT_GREEN    
HSSFColor.BLUE   
HSSFColor.DARK_RED   
HSSFColor.CORAL      
HSSFColor.RED    
HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW   
HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE   
HSSFColor.BROWN      
HSSFColor.SEA_GREEN      
HSSFColor.INDIGO     
HSSFColor.MAROON     
HSSFColor.GREY_80_PERCENT    
HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT    
HSSFColor.DARK_GREEN     
HSSFColor.YELLOW     
HSSFColor.GOLD   
HSSFColor.GREY_40_PERCENT    
HSSFColor.DARK_TEAL      
HSSFColor.PINK   
HSSFColor.ORCHID     
HSSFColor.LIGHT_BLUE     
HSSFColor.LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE      
HSSFColor.BLACK      
HSSFColor.DARK_YELLOW    
HSSFColor.VIOLET     
HSSFColor.LAVENDER   
HSSFColor.ROSE   
HSSFColor.BLUE_GREY      
HSSFColor.LIGHT_ORANGE   
HSSFColor.ORANGE     
HSSFColor.GREY_50_PERCENT    

啦啦啦

啦啦啦