堆栈的分布

High Addresses ---> .----------------------.
                    |      Environment     |
                    |----------------------|
                    |                      |   Functions and variable are declared
                    |         STACK        |   on the stack.
base pointer ->     | - - - - - - - - - - -|
                    |           |          |
                    |           v          |
                    :                      :
                    .                      .   The stack grows down into unused space
                    .         Empty        .   while the heap grows up. 
                    .                      .
                    .                      .   (other memory maps do occur here, such 
                    .                      .    as dynamic libraries, and different memory
                    :                      :    allocate)
                    |           ^          |
                    |           |          |
 brk point ->       | - - - - - - - - - - -|   Dynamic memory is declared on the heap
                    |          HEAP        |
                    |                      |
                    |----------------------|
                    |          BSS         |   Uninitialized data (BSS)
                    |----------------------|   
                    |          Data        |   Initialized data (DS)
                    |----------------------|
                    |          Text        |   Binary code
Low Addresses ----> '----------------------'