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spring事务实现方式有哪些？

编程式事务管理，在代码中调用 commit()、rollback()等事务管理相关的方法

maven pom.xml文件

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<!-- mysql驱动 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.18</version>
</dependency>

编程式事务管理，可以通过 java.sql.Connection 控制事务。spring 配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
 
    <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
        <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="2">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="3">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
 
import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        testManualTransaction();//测试函数式控制事务
    }
    
    private static void testManualTransaction() throws SQLException {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
        DataSource ds = (DataSource)context.getBean("datasource");
        Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
        try {
            initTable(conn);//初始化表
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);//设置不自动提交事务
            queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表
            deleteUser(conn);//删除 id=1 用户
            conn.rollback();//回滚
            queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表
        } finally {
            conn.close();
        }
    }
 
    private static void initTable(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        conn.createStatement().execute("drop table if exists user");
        conn.createStatement().execute("create table user(id int, username varchar(60)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ");//是否支持事务与数据库引擎有关，此处删除 ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 可能不支持事务
        conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(1, 'user1')");
        conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(2, 'user2')");
    }
 
    private static void deleteUser(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        conn.createStatement().execute("delete from user where id = 1");
    }
 
    private static void queryUsers(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        Statement st = conn.createStatement();
        st.execute("select * from user");
        ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet();
        while (rs.next()) {
            System.out.print(rs.getString("id"));
            System.out.print(" ");
            System.out.print(rs.getString("username"));
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    
}

删除用户语句回滚，打印出两个用户

1 user1
2 user2
1 user1
2 user2

基于 TransactionProxyFactoryBean 的声明式事务管理

新增 UserDao 接口

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
public interface UserDao {
 
    /**
     * 查询用户
     * @return
     */
    public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers();
    
    /**
     * 删除用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public int deleteUser(int id);
    
}

新增 UserDao 实现

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
 
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
    
    /**
     * 查询用户
     * @return
     */
    public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {
        String sql = "select * from user";
        return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
    }
    
    /**
     * 删除用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public int deleteUser(int id){
        String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
        int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
        if (id == 1) {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
        return result;
    }
}

修改 spring 配置文件，添加事务管理器 DataSourceTransactionManager 和事务代理类 TransactionProxyFactoryBean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
    
    <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
        <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="2">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="3">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="tracnsactionManager"></property>
        <property name="target" ref="userDao"></property>
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <!-- 主要 key 是方法   
                    ISOLATION_DEFAULT  事务的隔离级别
                    PROPAGATION_REQUIRED  传播行为
                -->
                <!-- -Exception 表示发生指定异常回滚，+Exception 表示发生指定异常提交 -->
                <prop key="deleteUser">-java.lang.RuntimeException</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest {
 
    static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        testUseTransactionProxy(); //测试使用 spring TransactionProxyFactoryBean
    }
    
    private static void testUseTransactionProxy() {
        final UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userProxy");
        printUsers(userDao);//打印用户
        userDao.deleteUser(1);//删除 id=1 用户
    }
 
    private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
        for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
 
}

结果输出

{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy3.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testUseTransactionProxy(TransactionTest.java:32)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

基于注解 @Transactional 的声明式事务管理

UserDaoImpl 删除用户方法添加注解 @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) 出现 RuntimeException 回滚

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
    
    /**
     * 查询用户
     * @return
     */
    public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {
        String sql = "select * from user";
        return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
    }
    
    /**
     * 删除用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)
    public int deleteUser(int id){
        String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
        int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
        if (id == 1) {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
        return result;
    }
}

修改 spring 配置文件，开启 spring 的事务注解能力

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
    
    <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
        <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="2">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="3">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 启用事务注解 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager"/>
    
</beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest {
 
    static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        testAnnotationTransaction();
    }
    
    
    private static void testAnnotationTransaction() {
        UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");
        printUsers(userDao);
        userDao.deleteUser(1);
    }
 
 
    private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
        for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
 
}

输出结果

{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:30)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

基于 Aspectj AOP 配置（注解）事务

maven pom.xml 添加 Aspectj 的支持

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
    <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
    <version>1.8.13</version>
</dependency>

去除 UserDaoImpl 注解@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
 
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
    
    /**
     * 查询用户
     * @return
     */
    public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {
        String sql = "select * from user";
        return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
    }
    
    /**
     * 删除用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public int deleteUser(int id){
        String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
        int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
        if (id == 1) {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
        return result;
    }
}

修改 spring 配置文件，织入切面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
    
    <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
        <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="2">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="3">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!-- 为连接点指定事务属性 -->
            <tx:method name="deleteUser" rollback-for="java.lang.RuntimeException"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    
    <aop:config>
        <!-- 切入点配置 -->
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* *constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDao.deleteUser(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="point"/>
    </aop:config>
    
</beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest {
 
    static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        testAspectjTransaction();
    }
    
    
    private static void testAspectjTransaction() {
        UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");
        printUsers(userDao);
        userDao.deleteUser(1);
    }
 
 
    private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
        for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
 
}

输出结果

{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

PS：

这篇仅用事务回滚为例，了解 spring 事务控制，还需要关注数据库的ACID四种特性、事务传播特性、事务的隔离级别（脏读、不可重复读、幻读）。

详细可参考：https://blog.csdn.net/chinacr07/article/details/78817449

spring 事务的源码学习可以参考：

原文链接

Java 自学经历
Java 面试题 H5
Java 面试题小程序

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ConstXiong/p/12123299.html