RHCE 共享文件系统

9.1 共享文件系统

概述： 共享文件系统通常有两种方式：

基于文件共享，一种直接共享文件夹给client端，常见的技术有NFS（Network File System ）和 SMB (Server Message Block)

基于block共享，即共享服务器端分配的磁盘给client端使用。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

测试环境

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.1.1  基于文件共享

NFS 配置

服务端设置

安装包
    libnfsidmap-0.25-9.el7.x86_64
    nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.el7.x86_64
服务名: nfs
防火墙:

1. 安装包检查及安装

rpm -qa | grep -i nfs
yum install nfs-utils-*

2. 启动服务nfs-server

systemctl restart nfs-server
systemctl enable nfs-server
systemctl status nfs-serve

3. 开启防火墙

rhel 7
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs
firewall-cmd --reload

4. 配置分享的文件

4.1. 创建分享的文件系统

mkdir /nfs

如果分享的用户有写权限，需要设置other 对共享文件夹有写权限

4.2. 配置共享文件

/etc/exports

/nfs   desktop0(rw)
保存退出后，使用命令检测是否成功
exportfs -r

客户端设置

配置/etc/fstab

192.168.56.12:/nfs     /sharednfs             nfs   defaults 0 0

执行挂载

mount -a
df -h
mount  192.168.56.12:nfs   /sharednfs   

SMB (Server Message Block)

安装包

samba
samba-client

服务 ：smb
防火墙:

服务端设置

1. 安装包

yum install samba*

2. 启动服务

systemctl restart smb
systemctl enable smb
systemctl status smb

3. 开启防火墙

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=samba
firewall-cmd --reload

4. 创建共享文件目录，及用户需求

mkdir /samba

5. 设置共享文件

5.1 添加共享配置

/etc/samba/smb.conf

[samba_s0]
path=/samba
valid users=user0
write list=user1,user2
hosts allow=192.168.56.1
writable=no

5.2  执行命令testparm 检查配置是否存在语法错误

[root@localhost ~]# testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[samba_s0]"
Loaded services file OK.
“Loaded services file OK.”   表示everything is ok

5.3 将用户升级为samba用户，需要设置对应用户的登录密码

smbpasswd -a user0

[root@localhost ~]# smbpasswd -a user0
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user user0.

客户端设置

安装包
samba-client-3.6.23-45.el6_9.x86_64
cifs-utils-4.8.1-20.el6.x86_64

服务：N/A

1. 安装安装包

yum install  samba-client
yum install  cifs*

2. 测试是否能够访问成功

    2.1 测试是否mount 成功

[root@dpf01 ~]# mount -ousername=user0  //192.168.56.12/samba_s0  /samba
Password:

    2.2 测试是否有读权限

[root@dpf01 ~]# cd /samba
[root@dpf01 samba]# ls
ls: reading directory .: Permission denied

   原因分析及解决方法

临时关闭 selinux， 测试成功
setenforce 0
接下来我们 fix ，在 server 端做如下操作
方法一：
[root@localhost ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t samba_share_t "/samba(/.*)?"
[root@localhost ~]# restorecon -R -v /samba
restorecon reset /samba context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0
[root@localhost ~]# ls -dZ /samba
drwxr-xr-x. root root unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0 /samba

方法二： 通过查看配置文件  /etc/samba/smb.conf
# Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) Notes:
#
# Turn the samba_domain_controller Boolean on to allow Samba to use the useradd
# and groupadd family of binaries. Run the following command as the root user to
# turn this Boolean on:
# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
#
# Turn the samba_enable_home_dirs Boolean on if you want to share home
# directories via Samba. Run the following command as the root user to turn this
# Boolean on:
# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
#
# If you create a new directory, such as a new top-level directory, label it
# with samba_share_t so that SELinux allows Samba to read and write to it. Do
# not label system directories, such as /etc/ and /home/, with samba_share_t, as
# such directories should already have an SELinux label.
#
# Run the "ls -ldZ /path/to/directory" command to view the current SELinux
# label for a given directory.
#
# Set SELinux labels only on files and directories you have created. Use the
# chcon command to temporarily change a label:
# chcon -t samba_share_t /path/to/directory
#
# Changes made via chcon are lost when the file system is relabeled or commands
# such as restorecon are run.
#
# Use the samba_export_all_ro or samba_export_all_rw Boolean to share system
# directories. To share such directories and only allow read-only permissions:
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
# To share such directories and allow read and write permissions:
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on

9.1.2  基于 block 共享

ISSCI

1.  安装必要的安装包
2.  创建共享的磁盘
3.  配置ISSCI 服务端

 服务端设置

要求的安装包
target
服务：target
防火墙：

 1.  安装包

 yum install target*

2.   启动服务

systemctl restart target
systemctl enable target
systemctl status target

 3.  配置共享磁盘

targetcli

[root@localhost RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64]# targetcli
Warning: Could not load preferences file /root/.targetcli/prefs.bin.
targetcli shell version 2.1.fb34
Copyright 2011-2013 by Datera, Inc and others.
For help on commands, type 'help'.

/> ls
o- / ..................................................................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .......................................................................................................... [...]
  | o- block .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- fileio ............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ............................................................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ........................................................................................................ [Targets: 0]
  o- loopback ..................................................................................................... [Targets: 0]
/>

/backstores> block/ create block0  /dev/sda5
Created block storage object block0 using /dev/sda5.
cd ..
/> ls
o- / ..................................................................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .......................................................................................................... [...]
  | o- block .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
  | | o- block0 .................................................................. [/dev/sda5 (200.0MiB) write-thru deactivated]
  | o- fileio ............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ............................................................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ........................................................................................................ [Targets: 0]
  o- loopback ..................................................................................................... [Targets: 0]
/>

iscsi/ create iqn.2017-11.com.example:remotedisk1
cd iscsi/iqn.2017-11.com.example:remotedisk1/tpg1/
acls/ create iqn.2017-11.com.example:192.168.56.1
luns/ create 
portals/ create 192.168.56.12

/> ls
o- / ......................................................................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .............................................................................................................. [...]
  | o- block .................................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
  | | o- block0 ........................................................................ [/dev/sda5 (200.0MiB) write-thru activated]
  | o- fileio ................................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .................................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ................................................................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ............................................................................................................ [Targets: 1]
  | o- iqn.2017-11.com.example:remotedisk1 ............................................................................... [TPGs: 1]
  |   o- tpg1 ............................................................................................... [no-gen-acls, no-auth]
  |     o- acls .......................................................................................................... [ACLs: 1]
  |     | o- iqn.2017-11.com.example:192.168.56.1 ................................................................. [Mapped LUNs: 1]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun0 ................................................................................ [lun0 block/block0 (rw)]
  |     o- luns .......................................................................................................... [LUNs: 1]
  |     | o- lun0 ....................................................................................... [block/block0 (/dev/sda5)]
  |     o- portals .................................................................................................... [Portals: 1]
  |       o- 192.168.56.12:3260 ............................................................................................... [OK]
  o- loopback ......................................................................................................... [Targets: 0]
/>

 4.  防火墙设置

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3260/tcp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

 客户端设置

1. 安装包

iscsi-initiator-utils

2. 启动服务

systemctl restart iscsid
systemctl enable iscsid
systemctl status iscsid

2. 设置配置文件

/etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi

nitiatorName=iqn.2017-11.com.example:192.168.56.1

3. 发现共享 node

iscsiadm --mode discoverydb --type sendtargets --portal 192.168.56.12  --discover

[root@dpf01 ~]# iscsiadm --mode discoverydb --type sendtargets --portal 192.168.56.12  --discover
Starting iscsid:                                           [  OK  ]
192.168.56.12:3260,1 iqn.2017-11.com.example:remotedisk1

4. login node

  iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2017-11.com.example:remotedisk1 --portal  192.168.56.12:3260 --login

 iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2001-05.com.doe:test --portal    192.168.1.1:3260 --logout

5. 配置/etc/fstab