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  • 暑假N天乐【比赛篇】 —— 2019杭电暑期多校训练营(第五场)

    开启疯狂水题解模式,大概会持续好几次...直到我赶上进度为止。

    以下题解包括:

    [1001【HDU-6624】 \ 1004【HDU-6627】 \ 1005【HDU-6628】 \ 1006【HDU-6629】 \ 1007【HDU-6630】 ]

    【1001】 数学 HDU-6624 fraction

    http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=6624

    找到最小正整数的 (b) 满足 (a<b)(a = bx(mod p))

    参考:https://blog.csdn.net/Sarah_Wang0220/article/details/98771865

    可知:(0<a<b)(bx=py+a) ==> (0<a=bx-py<b) ==> (frac{p}{x} < frac{b}{y} < frac{p}{x-1}),要求最小的 (b)

    迭代法:

    [egin{aligned} & ecause frac{p}{x} < frac{b}{y} < frac{p}{x-1} 且 p > x \ & herefore frac{p}{x} > 0 取 t = frac{p}{x} \ & herefore frac{p-tx}{x} < frac{b-ty}{y} < frac{p-t(x-1)}{x-1} \ & 取倒数得:frac{x-1}{p-t(x-1)} < frac{y}{b-ty} < frac{x}{p-tx} \ & 同理,继续减去左边的整数部分 \ & 此时 b' = b - ty 不断减小 end{aligned} ]

    #include <map>
    #include <set>
    #include <list>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <ctime>
    #include <deque>
    #include <stack>
    #include <queue>
    #include <bitset>
    #include <cctype>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <vector>
    #include <string>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <iomanip>
    #include <numeric>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <algorithm>
    using namespace std;
    typedef long long ll;
    typedef unsigned long long ull;
    const double PI = acos(-1.0);
    const double eps = 1e-6;
    const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
    
    void solve(ll a, ll b, ll &c, ll &d, ll e, ll f) {
        ll t = a/b;
        if(e/f > t) {
            c = t+1;
            d = 1;
            return ;
        }
        a = a - t*b;
        e = e - t*f;
        solve(f, e, d, c, b, a);
        c = c + t*d;
    }
    
    int main() {
        int t;
        scanf("%d", &t);
        while(t--) {
            ll p, x;
            scanf("%lld%lld", &p, &x);
            ll b, y;
            solve(p, x, b, y, p, x-1);
            printf("%lld/%lld
    ", b*x-p*y, b);
        }
        return 0;
    }
    

    【1004】 数学 HDU-6627 equation

    http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=6627

    给定 (n)(c),输入 (n)(a_i)(b_i),计算所有 (x) 的解使得:(sum^{n}_{i=1} |a_ix+b_i| = c)

    对于每个绝对值等式找出 (x) 的区间,再进行排序枚举区间,统计解的个数。

    #include <map>
    #include <set>
    #include <list>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <ctime>
    #include <deque>
    #include <stack>
    #include <queue>
    #include <bitset>
    #include <cctype>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <vector>
    #include <string>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <iomanip>
    #include <numeric>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <algorithm>
    using namespace std;
    typedef long long ll;
    typedef unsigned long long ull;
    const double PI = acos(-1.0);
    const double eps = 1e-6;
    const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
    
    const int maxn = 1e5+5;
    
    int n;
    ll c;
    ll suma[maxn], sumb[maxn];     // 记录 系数/常数 前缀和
    map<double, int> vis;
    
    struct node {
        ll a, b;
        double f;
        bool operator < (const node &q) const {
            return f > q.f;
        }
    }p[maxn], ans[maxn];
    
    bool cmp(node x, node y) {
        return x.f < y.f;
    }
    
    int main() {
        int t;
        scanf("%d", &t);
        suma[0] = sumb[0] = 0; 
        while(t--) {
            vis.clear();
            scanf("%d%lld", &n, &c);
            for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
                scanf("%lld%lld", &p[i].a, &p[i].b);
                p[i].f = -1.0*p[i].b/p[i].a;    // 每组方程等于 0的解
            }
            sort(p+1, p+1+n);
            for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
                suma[i] = suma[i-1] + p[i].a;
                sumb[i] = sumb[i-1] + p[i].b;
            }
            int flag = 0;
            int cnt = 0;
            for(int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
                ll A = suma[n] - 2*suma[i];     // 当前区间解的 系数 前缀和(分母)
                ll B = sumb[n] - 2*sumb[i];     // 当前区间解的 常数 前缀和
                ll C = c - B;        // 等式常数移到右边获取最终常数(分子)
                if(A == 0) {
                    if(C == 0) {    // 无穷解
                        flag = 1;   
                        break;
                    }
                    else {          // 无解
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                else {
                    ll temp = __gcd(abs(C), abs(A));
                    double mark = 1.0 * C / A;
                    if(vis[mark] == 0) {    // 去重
                        if((i==n || mark>p[i+1].f) && (i==0 || mark<=p[i].f)) {     // 边界判定
                            ans[cnt].a = C / temp;
                            ans[cnt].b = A / temp;
                            ans[cnt++].f = mark;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if(flag == 1) {
                printf("-1
    ");
            }
            else {
                printf("%d", cnt);
                sort(ans, ans+cnt, cmp);
                for(int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
                    if(ans[i].a*ans[i].b > 0) {
                        printf(" %lld/%lld", abs(ans[i].a), abs(ans[i].b));
                    }
                    else if(ans[i].a*ans[i].b == 0) {
                        printf(" 0/1");
                    }
                    else {
                        printf(" -%lld/%lld", abs(ans[i].a), abs(ans[i].b));
                    }
                }
                printf("
    ");
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
    

    【1005】 思维 HDU-6628 permutation 1

    http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=6628

    (t) 组案例,已知序列为:(p_1p_2...p_n),定义差异序列为:(p_2-p_1,p_3-p_2,...,p_n-p_{n-1})。给定 (n)(k),求序列 (1,2,3,...,n) 中差异序列排名第 K 小的那个,输出它。((2 leq n leq 20 1 leq k leq min(10^4,n!))

    对于 (n leq 8) 时,直接暴力就行。

    对于 (n > 8) 时,找到规律:先放下 (n) 这个数,后面最小就是 (1,2,3,...,n-1),然后只需要对后 8 位进行排列即可,因为 (8! > 10^4)

    #include <map>
    #include <set>
    #include <list>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <ctime>
    #include <deque>
    #include <stack>
    #include <queue>
    #include <bitset>
    #include <cctype>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <vector>
    #include <string>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <iomanip>
    #include <numeric>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <algorithm>
    using namespace std;
    typedef long long ll;
    typedef unsigned long long ull;
    const double PI = acos(-1.0);
    const double eps = 1e-6;
    const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
    
    const int maxn = 4e4+500;
    
    int a[10] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
    int a_8[10] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
    int _a_8[10] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8};
    int tot, tot1, tot2, cnt;
    
    struct node {
        int z[10];
        bool operator < (const node x) const {
            for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                if(z[i] < x.z[i]) {
                    return 1;
                }
                else if(z[i] == x.z[i]) {
                    continue;
                }
                else {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }temp[maxn], t_8[maxn], _t_8[maxn];
    
    struct NODE {
        int z[10];
        int x[10];
    }res[maxn];
    
    bool cmp(NODE nn, NODE mm) {
        for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            if(nn.x[i] < mm.x[i]) {
                return 1;
            }
            else if(nn.x[i] == mm.x[i]) {
                continue;
            }
            else {
                return 0;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
    
    void init() {
        do {
            for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                temp[tot].z[i] = a[i];
            }
            tot++;
        } while(next_permutation(a, a+8));
        sort(temp, temp+tot);
    }
    
    void cal(int n) {
        int aa[10];
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            aa[i] = i+1;
        }
        do {
            for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                res[cnt].z[i] = aa[i];
            }
            for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
                res[cnt].x[i-1] = res[cnt].z[i] - res[cnt].z[i-1];
                // cout << res[cnt].x[i-1] << "  ";
            }
            // cout << endl;
            cnt++;
        } while(next_permutation(aa, aa+n));
        sort(res, res+cnt, cmp);
    }
    
    int main() {
        tot = tot1 = tot2 = 0;
        init();
        int t;
        scanf("%d", &t);
        while(t--) {
            int n, k;
            scanf("%d%d", &n, &k);
            if(n <= 8) {
                cnt = 0;
                cal(n);
                for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                    printf("%d%c", res[k-1].z[i], i==n-1?'
    ':' ');
                }
            }
            else {
                printf("%d ", n);
                for(int i = 1; i < n-8; i++) {
                    printf("%d ", i);
                }
                k = k - 1;
                for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                    printf("%d%c", temp[k].z[i]+n-9, i==7?'
    ':' ');
                }
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
    

    【1006】 扩展KMP HDU-6629 string matching

    http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=6629

    给定一个字符串,现要求得它的每一个后缀和原串的公共前缀,问暴力执行这一过程需要多少步。

    扩展KMP裸题。

    #include <map>
    #include <set>
    #include <list>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <ctime>
    #include <deque>
    #include <stack>
    #include <queue>
    #include <bitset>
    #include <cctype>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <vector>
    #include <string>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <iomanip>
    #include <numeric>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <algorithm>
    using namespace std;
    typedef long long ll;
    typedef unsigned long long ull;
    const double PI = acos(-1.0);
    const double eps = 1e-6;
    const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
    
    const int maxn = 1e6+5;
    
    char s[maxn];
    char T[maxn];
    ll nxt[maxn], extend[maxn];
    
    void getnxt(char str[]) {
        int i = 0, j, po;
        int len = strlen(str);
        nxt[0] = len;
        while(str[i] == str[i+1] && i+1 < len) i++; 
        nxt[1] = i;
        po = 1;
        for(i = 2; i < len; i++) {
            if(nxt[i-po]+i < nxt[po]+po)  // case1 可以直接得到next[i]的值
                nxt[i] = nxt[i-po];
            else {  // case2 要继续匹配才能得到next[i]的值
                j = nxt[po] + po - i;
                if(j < 0)   // 如果i>po+next[po],则要从头开始匹配
                    j = 0; 
                while(str[j] == str[j+i] && i+j < len) j++; 
                nxt[i] = j;
                po = i;
            }
        }
    }
    void EXKMP(char s1[], char s2[]) {
        int i = 0, j, po;
        int l1 = strlen(s1);
        int l2 = strlen(s2);
        getnxt(s2);
        while(s1[i] == s2[i] && i < l2 && i < l1) i++;
        extend[0] = i;
        po = 0;
        for(i = 1; i < l1; i++) {
            if(nxt[i-po]+i < extend[po]+po)    //case1 直接可以得到extend[i]的值
                extend[i] = nxt[i-po];
            else {  // case2 要继续匹配才能得到extend[i]的值
                j = extend[po]+po-i;
                if(j < 0)   // 如果i>extend[po]+po则要从头开始匹配
                    j = 0;
                while(s1[j+i]==s2[j] && i+j < l1 && j < l2) j++;
                extend[i] = j;
                po = i;
            }
        }
    }
    
    int main() {
        int t;
        scanf("%d", &t);
        while(t--) {
            scanf("%s", s);
            strcpy(T, s);
            EXKMP(s, T);
            int n = strlen(s);
            ll ans = 0;
            for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
                ans = ans + extend[i];
                if(extend[i] != n-i) {
                    ans = ans + 1;
                }
            }
            printf("%lld
    ", ans);
        }
        return 0;
    }
    

    【1007】 规律 HDU-6630 permutation 2

    http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=6630

    给定 (n,x,y),对于 (1)(n)(n) 个数,满足:(p_1 = x, p_2 = y, |p_i-p_{i-1}| leq 2 (1 leq i < n))

    打表找规律即可。

    #include <map>
    #include <set>
    #include <list>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <ctime>
    #include <deque>
    #include <stack>
    #include <queue>
    #include <bitset>
    #include <cctype>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <vector>
    #include <string>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <iomanip>
    #include <numeric>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <algorithm>
    using namespace std;
    typedef long long ll;
    typedef unsigned long long ull;
    const double PI = acos(-1.0);
    const double eps = 1e-6;
    const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    const int mod = 998244353;
    
    const int maxn = 1e5+5;
    
    ll a[maxn];
    
    int main() {
        int t;
        scanf("%d", &t);
        while(t--) {
            int n, x, y;
            scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &x, &y);
            if(n == 2 || n == 3) {
                printf("1
    ");
                continue;
            }
            a[0] = 0;
            if(x == 1) {
                a[1] = 1;
                a[2] = 1;
                for(int i = 3; i <= y-x; i++) {
                    if(i == n-x) {
                        a[i] = (a[i-1] + a[i-2] + a[i-3]) % mod;
                    }
                    else {
                        a[i] = (a[i-1] + a[i-3]) % mod;
                    }
                }
            }
            else if(x == n-1) {
                printf("1
    ");
                continue;
            }
            else {
                a[1] = 0;
                a[2] = 1;
                for(int i = 3; i <= y-x; i++) {
                    if(i == n-x) {
                        a[i] = (a[i-1] + a[i-2] + a[i-3]) % mod;
                    }
                    else {
                        a[i] = (a[i-1] + a[i-3]) % mod;
                    }
                }            
            }
            printf("%lld
    ", a[y-x]);
        }
        return 0;
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Decray/p/11330796.html
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