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用户自定义存储过程
create proc | procedure pro_name
[{@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output],
{@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output],
....
]
as
SQL_statements常用系统存储过程有：
exec sp_databases; --查看数据库
exec sp_tables; --查看表
exec sp_columns student;--查看列
exec sp_helpIndex student;--查看索引
exec sp_helpConstraint student;--约束
exec sp_stored_procedures;
exec sp_helptext 'sp_stored_procedures';--查看存储过程创建、定义语句
exec sp_rename student, stuInfo;--修改表、索引、列的名称
exec sp_renamedb myTempDB, myDB;--更改数据库名称
exec sp_defaultdb 'master', 'myDB';--更改登录名的默认数据库
exec sp_helpdb;--数据库帮助，查询数据库信息
exec sp_helpdb master;- 1
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系统存储过程示例:
--表重命名
exec sp_rename 'stu', 'stud';
select * from stud;
--列重命名
exec sp_rename 'stud.name', 'sName', 'column';
exec sp_help 'stud';
--重命名索引
exec sp_rename N'student.idx_cid', N'idx_cidd', N'index';
exec sp_help 'student';
--查询所有存储过程
select * from sys.objects where type = 'P';
select * from sys.objects where type_desc like '%pro%' and name like 'sp%';- 1
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用户自定义存储过程
create proc | procedure pro_name
[{@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output],
{@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output],
....
]
as
SQL_statements- 1
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2、 创建不带参数存储过程
--创建存储过程
if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'proc_get_student'))
drop proc proc_get_student
go
create proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student;
--调用、执行存储过程
exec proc_get_student;- 1
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3、 修改存储过程
--修改存储过程
alter proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student;- 1
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4、 带参存储过程
--带参存储过程
if (object_id('proc_find_stu', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_find_stu
go
create proc proc_find_stu(@startId int, @endId int)
as
select * from student where id between @startId and @endId
go
exec proc_find_stu 2, 4;- 1
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5、 带通配符参数存储过程
--带通配符参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_findStudentByName', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_findStudentByName
go
create proc proc_findStudentByName(@name varchar(20) = '%j%', @nextName varchar(20) = '%')
as
select * from student where name like @name and name like @nextName;
go
exec proc_findStudentByName;
exec proc_findStudentByName '%o%', 't%';- 1
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6、 带输出参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_getStudentRecord', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_getStudentRecord
go
create proc proc_getStudentRecord(
@id int, --默认输入参数
@name varchar(20) out, --输出参数
@age varchar(20) output--输入输出参数
)
as
select @name = name, @age = age from student where id = @id and sex = @age;
go
--
declare @id int,
@name varchar(20),
@temp varchar(20);
set @id = 7;
set @temp = 1;
exec proc_getStudentRecord @id, @name out, @temp output;
select @name, @temp;
print @name + '#' + @temp;
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7、 不缓存存储过程
--WITH RECOMPILE 不缓存
if (object_id('proc_temp', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_temp
go
create proc proc_temp
with recompile
as
select * from student;
go
exec proc_temp;- 1
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8、 加密存储过程
--加密WITH ENCRYPTION
if (object_id('proc_temp_encryption', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_temp_encryption
go
create proc proc_temp_encryption
with encryption
as
select * from student;
go
exec proc_temp_encryption;
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp';
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp_encryption';- 1
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9、 带游标参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_cursor', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc proc_cursor
@cur cursor varying output
as
set @cur = cursor forward_only static for
select id, name, age from student;
open @cur;
go
--调用
declare @exec_cur cursor;
declare @id int,
@name varchar(20),
@age int;
exec proc_cursor @cur = @exec_cur output;--调用存储过程
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
while (@@fetch_status = 0)
begin
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
print 'id: ' + convert(varchar, @id) + ', name: ' + @name + ', age: ' + convert(char, @age);
end
close @exec_cur;
deallocate @exec_cur;--删除游标- 1
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10、 分页存储过程
---存储过程、row_number完成分页
if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc pro_page
@startIndex int,
@endIndex int
as
select count(*) from product
;
select * from (
select row_number() over(order by pid) as rowId, * from product
) temp
where temp.rowId between @startIndex and @endIndex
go
--drop proc pro_page
exec pro_page 1, 4
--
--分页存储过程
if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null)
drop proc pro_stu
go
create procedure pro_stu(
@pageIndex int,
@pageSize int
)
as
declare @startRow int, @endRow int
set @startRow = (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize +1
set @endRow = @startRow + @pageSize -1
select * from (
select *, row_number() over (order by id asc) as number from student
) t
where t.number between @startRow and @endRow;
exec pro_stu 2, 2;- 1
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Raiserror返回用户定义的错误信息，可以指定严重级别，设置系统变量记录所发生的错误。
Raiserror({msg_id | msg_str | @local_variable}
{, severity, state}
[,argument[,…n]]
[with option[,…n]]
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# msg_id:在sysmessages系统表中指定的用户定义错误信息
# msg_str:用户定义的信息，信息最大长度在2047个字符。
# severity：用户定义与该消息关联的严重级别。当使用msg_id引发使用sp_addmessage创建的用户定义消息时，raiserror上指定严重性将覆盖sp_addmessage中定义的严重性。
任何用户可以指定0-18直接的严重级别。只有sysadmin固定服务器角色常用或具有alter trace权限的用户才能指定19-25直接的严重级别。19-25之间的安全级别需要使用with log选项。
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# state：介于1至127直接的任何整数。State默认值是1。
raiserror('is error', 16, 1);
select * from sys.messages;
--使用sysmessages中定义的消息
raiserror(33003, 16, 1);
raiserror(33006, 16, 1);