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  • Spring基于Setter函数的依赖注入(DI)

    以下内容引用自http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/spring/dependency-injection/spring-setter-based-dependency-injection.html

    当容器调用一个无参的构造函数或一个无参的静态factory方法来初始化你的bean后,通过容器在你的bean上调用Setter函数,基于Setter函数的DI就完成了。

    例子:

    pom.xml:

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
      <groupId>com.jsoft.testspring</groupId>
      <artifactId>testbeansetter</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
      <name>testbeansetter</name>
      <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    
      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      </properties>
    
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Spring Core -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
         
        <!-- Spring Context -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        
      </dependencies>
    </project>

    SpellChecker.java:

    package com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter;
    
    public class SpellChecker {
        public SpellChecker(){
            System.out.println("SpellChecker无参数构造函数初始化");
        }
        
        public void checkSpelling(){
            System.out.println("SpellChecker检查方法");
        }
    }

    TextEditor.java:

    package com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter;
    
    public class TextEditor {
        private SpellChecker spellChecker;
        
        public void setSpellChecker(SpellChecker spellChecker){
            System.out.println("TextEditor通过setter初始化");
            this.spellChecker = spellChecker;
        }
        
        public void spellCheck() {
            this.spellChecker.checkSpelling();
        }
        
    }

    beans.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
                            
        <bean id="spellChecker" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter.SpellChecker"></bean>
        
        <bean id="textEditor" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter.TextEditor">
            <property name="SpellChecker" ref="spellChecker"></property>
        </bean>
       
    </beans>

    唯一的区别就是在基于构造函数注入中,我们使用的是<constructor-arg>标签,而在基于Setter函数的注入中,我们使用的是<property>标签。

    第二个你需要注意的点是,如果你要把一个引用传递给一个对象,那么你需要使用ref属性,而如果你要直接传递一个值,那么你应该使用value属性。

    App.java:

    package com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter;
    
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    /**
     * Hello world!
     *
     */
    public class App 
    {
        public static void main( String[] args )
        {
            ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
            TextEditor textEditor = (TextEditor)applicationContext.getBean("textEditor");
            textEditor.spellCheck();
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    下面将介绍使用p-namespace实现XML配置:

    如果你有许多的Setter函数方法,那么在XML配置文件中使用p-namespace是非常方便的。区别如下:

    以下为使用<property>标签的配置:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
    
       <bean id="john-classic" class="com.example.Person">
          <property name="name" value="John Doe"/>
          <property name="spouse" ref="jane"/>
       </bean>
    
       <bean name="jane" class="com.example.Person">
          <property name="name" value="John Doe"/>
       </bean>
    
    </beans>

    改用p-namespace之后:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
    
       <bean id="john-classic" class="com.example.Person"
          p:name="John Doe"
          p:spouse-ref="jane">
       </bean>
    
       <bean name="jane" class="com.example.Person"
          p:name="John Doe">
       </bean>
    
    </beans>

    看起来非常的整洁,在这里,您应该注意到使用p-namespace指定原始值和对象引用的区别。-ref部分表示这不是一个直接的值,而是引用另一个bean。

    测试工程:https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/springtest/test8/testbeansetter

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/6883587.html
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