Spring还支持基于JSR-250的注解,其中包括@PostConstruct,@PreDestroy和@Resource注解。虽然这些注解不是真正需要的,因为你已经有其他替代品,但让我们简要了解一下。
@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy注解
要定义一个bean的设置和拆卸,我们只需使用init-method和/或destroy-method参数声明<bean> 。init-method属性指定一个在实例化后立即在bean上调用的方法。类似地,destroy-method指定在bean从容器中删除之前调用的方法。
在这里你可以使用@PostConstruct注解作为初始化回调和@PreDestroy注解的替代,作为销毁回调的替代。
例子:
pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.jsoft.testspring</groupId> <artifactId>testannotationjsr250</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>testannotationjsr250</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring Core --> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring Context --> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
HelloWorld.java:
package com.jsoft.testspring.testannotationjsr250; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; import javax.annotation.PreDestroy; public class HelloWorld { private String messageString; public void setMessage(String message){ this.messageString = message; } public void getMessage(){ System.out.println(this.messageString); } @PostConstruct public void initPost(){ System.out.println("@ init"); } @PreDestroy public void destroyPre(){ System.out.println("@ destroy"); } }
beans.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testannotationjsr250.HelloWorld"> <property name="Message" value="Hello World!"></property> </bean> <context:annotation-config/> </beans>
App.java:
package com.jsoft.testspring.testannotationjsr250; import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; /** * Hello world! * */ public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { AbstractApplicationContext abstractApplicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); HelloWorld helloWorld = (HelloWorld)abstractApplicationContext.getBean("helloWorld"); helloWorld.getMessage(); abstractApplicationContext.registerShutdownHook();//因为在AbstractApplicationContext类中才有registerShutdownHook()方法 } }
测试结果:
@Resource注释
你可以对字段或setter方法使用@Resource注释,它与Java EE 5中的工作方式相同。@Resource注释采用“name”属性,将被解释为要注入的bean名称。
如果没有明确指定“name”,则默认名称是从字段名称或setter方法派生的。在一个字段的情况下,它需要字段名称,在setter方法的情况下,它将使用bean属性名称。
例子:
HelloWorld.java:
package com.jsoft.testspring.testannotationjsr250; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; import javax.annotation.PreDestroy; import javax.annotation.Resource; public class HelloWorld { private String messageString; @Resource(name="msg") public void setMessage(String message){ this.messageString = message; } public void getMessage(){ System.out.println(this.messageString); } @PostConstruct public void initPost(){ System.out.println("@ init"); } @PreDestroy public void destroyPre(){ System.out.println("@ destroy"); } }
beans.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="msg" class="java.lang.String"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="Hello World!"></constructor-arg> </bean> <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testannotationjsr250.HelloWorld"> </bean> <context:annotation-config/> </beans>
注意:当你使用@Resource注解时,此name指定的是一个bean,也就是一个类才能生效,而不是这个bean上的具体setter方法。所以这里直接用bean生成了一个String的类,然后在类的实例化传入有参的构造函数中。
测试结果:
测试工程:https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/springtest/test12/testannotationjsr250