Spring编程式事务管理

以下内容引用自http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/spring/transaction-management/spring-programmatic-transaction-management.html：

编程式事务管理方法允许你在源代码编程的方式下管理事务。虽然带来了极大地灵活性，但是它很难维护。

实践前提：

1、在MySql新建Student，Marks两张表，脚本如下：

CREATE TABLE Student(
   ID   INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE  INT NOT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

CREATE TABLE Marks(
   SID INT NOT NULL,
   MARKS  INT NOT NULL,
   YEAR   INT NOT NULL
);

2、增加mysql-connector-java.jar包，POM配置如下：

    <!-- mysql-connector-java -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.38</version>
    </dependency>

3、原理：

使用PlatformTransactionManager来实现编程式方法实现事务。要开始一个新事务，需要有一个带有适当的transaction属性的TransactionDefinition的实例。这里，我们使用默认的transaction属性创建DefaultTransactionDefinition的一个实例。当TransactionDefinition创建后，可以通过调用getTransaction()方法来开始事务，该方法会返回TransactionStatus的一个实例。TransactionStatus对象帮助追踪当前的事务状态，并且最终，如果一切运行顺利，你可以使用PlatformTransactionManager的commit()方法来提交这个事务，否则的话，你可以使用rollback()方法来回滚整个操作。

例子：

pom.xml：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.jsoft.testspring</groupId>
  <artifactId>testtx</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>testtx</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring Core -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
     
    <!-- Spring Context -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring JDBC -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring Transaction -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- mysql-connector-java -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.38</version>
    </dependency>
    
  </dependencies>
</project>

StudentMarks.java：

package com.jsoft.testspring.testtx;

public class StudentMarks {
    private Integer age;
    private String name;
    private Integer id;

    private Integer marks;
    private Integer year;
    private Integer sid;

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    

    public void setMarks(Integer marks) {
        this.marks = marks;
    }

    public Integer getMarks() {
        return marks;
    }

    public void setYear(Integer year) {
        this.year = year;
    }

    public Integer getYear() {
        return year;
    }

    public void setSid(Integer sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }

    public Integer getSid() {
        return sid;
    }
}

StudentMarksMapper.java：

package com.jsoft.testspring.testtx;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

public class StudentMarksMapper implements RowMapper<StudentMarks> {

    @Override
    public StudentMarks mapRow(ResultSet rs, int arg1) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        StudentMarks student = new StudentMarks();
        student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
        student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
        student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
        
        student.setSid(rs.getInt("sid"));
        student.setMarks(rs.getInt("marks"));
        student.setYear(rs.getInt("year"));
        
        return student;
    }

}

StudentDAO.java：

package com.jsoft.testspring.testtx;

import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

public interface StudentDAO {

    public void setDataSource(DataSource ds);

    public void setTransactionManager(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager);
    
    public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year);

    public StudentMarks getStudent(Integer id);

    public List<StudentMarks> listStudents();

    public void delete(Integer id);

    public void update(Integer id, String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year);
}

StudentJDBCTemplate.java：

package com.jsoft.testspring.testtx;

import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;

public class StudentJDBCTemplate implements StudentDAO {

    private DataSource dataSource;
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject;

    private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;

    @Override
    public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
        this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }

    @Override
    public void setTransactionManager(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager) {
        this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
    }

    @Override
    public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year) {
        TransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
        TransactionStatus status = transactionManager.getTransaction(def);
        try {
             String SQL1 = "insert into Student (name, age) values (?, ?)";
             jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL1, name, age);
             String SQL2 = "select max(id) from Student";
             int sid = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForInt( SQL2 );
             String SQL3 = "insert into Marks(sid, marks, year) values (?, ?, ?)";
             jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL3, sid, marks, year);
             System.out.println("Created Name = " + name + ", Age = " + age);
             transactionManager.commit(status);
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
             System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
             transactionManager.rollback(status);
             throw e;
        }
        return;
    }

    @Override
    public StudentMarks getStudent(Integer id) {
        String SQL = "select * from Student,Marks where id = ? and Student.id=Marks.sid";
        StudentMarks student = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForObject(SQL, new Object[] { id }, new StudentMarksMapper());
        return student;
    }

    @Override
    public List<StudentMarks> listStudents() {
        String SQL = "select * from Student,Marks where Student.id = Marks.sid";
        List<StudentMarks> students = jdbcTemplateObject.query(SQL, new StudentMarksMapper());
        return students;
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        TransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
        TransactionStatus status = transactionManager.getTransaction(def);
        try {
            String SQL1 = "delete from Student where id = ?";
            jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL1, id);
            System.out.println("Deleted Record with ID = " + id);
            String SQL2 = "delete from Marks where sid = ?";
            jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL2, id);
            System.out.println("Deleted Record with SID = " + id);
            transactionManager.commit(status);
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
            System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
            transactionManager.rollback(status);
            throw e;
        }
        return;
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Integer id, String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year) {
        TransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
        TransactionStatus status = transactionManager.getTransaction(def);
        try {
            String SQL1 = "update Student set age = ?,name = ? where id = ?";
            jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL1, age,name, id);
            System.out.println("Updated Record with ID = " + id);
            String SQL2 = "update Marks set marks = ?,year = ? where sid = ?";
            jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL2, marks,year, id);
            System.out.println("Updated Record with SID = " + id);
            transactionManager.commit(status);
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
            System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
            transactionManager.rollback(status);
            throw e;
        }
        return;
    }

}

beans.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

   <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
      <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
      <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?serverTimezone=UTC"/>
      <property name="username" value="root"/>
      <property name="password" value="root"/>
   </bean>
   
   <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
      <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />    
   </bean>

   <!-- Definition for studentJDBCTemplate bean -->
   <bean id="studentJDBCTemplate" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testtx.StudentJDBCTemplate">
      <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />    
      <property name="transactionManager"  ref="transactionManager" /> 
   </bean>

</beans>

测试结果：

测试工程：https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/springtest/test18/testtx