JDBC示例（增删查改）

前提：

1、项目中引入MySQL的JAR包，POM参考如下配置：

        <!-- mysql-connector-java -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.38</version>
        </dependency>

示例：

一、创建数据库

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Creating database...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            String sql = "CREATE DATABASE STUDENTS";
            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println("Database created successfully...");
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException se2) {
            } // nothing we can do
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

二、选择数据库

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample2 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

三、删除数据库

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample3 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Deleting database...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            String sql = "DROP DATABASE STUDENTS";
            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println("Database deleted successfully...");
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

四、创建表

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample4 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Creating table in given database...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            String sql = "CREATE TABLE REGISTRATION " + "(id INTEGER not NULL, " + " first VARCHAR(255), "
                    + " last VARCHAR(255), " + " age INTEGER, " + " PRIMARY KEY ( id ))";

            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println("Created table in given database...");
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

五、删除表

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample5 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Deleting table in given database...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            String sql = "DROP TABLE REGISTRATION ";

            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println("Table  deleted in given database...");
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

六、插入记录

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample6 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Inserting records into the table...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            String sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES (100, 'Zara', 'Ali', 18)";
            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES (101, 'Mahnaz', 'Fatma', 25)";
            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES (102, 'Zaid', 'Khan', 30)";
            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES(103, 'Sumit', 'Mittal', 28)";
            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println("Inserted records into the table...");

        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

七、查询表记录

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample7 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Creating statement...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration";
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
            // STEP 5: Extract data from result set
            while (rs.next()) {
                // Retrieve by column name
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");
                String first = rs.getString("first");
                String last = rs.getString("last");

                // Display values
                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
                System.out.print(", First: " + first);
                System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
            }
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

八、更新表记录

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample8 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Creating statement...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            String sql = "UPDATE Registration " + "SET age = 30 WHERE id in (100, 101)";
            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

            // Now you can extract all the records
            // to see the updated records
            sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration";
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            while (rs.next()) {
                // Retrieve by column name
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");
                String first = rs.getString("first");
                String last = rs.getString("last");

                // Display values
                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
                System.out.print(", First: " + first);
                System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
            }
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

九、删除记录

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample9 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Creating statement...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            String sql = "DELETE FROM Registration " + "WHERE id = 101";
            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

            // Now you can extract all the records
            // to see the remaining records
            sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration";
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            while (rs.next()) {
                // Retrieve by column name
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");
                String first = rs.getString("first");
                String last = rs.getString("last");

                // Display values
                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
                System.out.print(", First: " + first);
                System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
            }
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

十、Where子句

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample10 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Creating statement...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            // Extract records without any condition.
            System.out.println("Fetching records without condition...");
            String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration";
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            while (rs.next()) {
                // Retrieve by column name
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");
                String first = rs.getString("first");
                String last = rs.getString("last");

                // Display values
                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
                System.out.print(", First: " + first);
                System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
            }

            // Select all records having ID equal or greater than 101
            System.out.println("Fetching records with condition...");
            sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration" + " WHERE id >= 101 ";
            rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            while (rs.next()) {
                // Retrieve by column name
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");
                String first = rs.getString("first");
                String last = rs.getString("last");

                // Display values
                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
                System.out.print(", First: " + first);
                System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
            }
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

十一、Like子句

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample11 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Creating statement...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            // Extract records without any condition.
            System.out.println("Fetching records without condition...");
            String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration";
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            while (rs.next()) {
                // Retrieve by column name
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");
                String first = rs.getString("first");
                String last = rs.getString("last");

                // Display values
                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
                System.out.print(", First: " + first);
                System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
            }

            // Select all records having ID equal or greater than 101
            System.out.println("Fetching records with condition...");
            sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration" + " WHERE first LIKE '%za%' ";
            rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            while (rs.next()) {
                // Retrieve by column name
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");
                String first = rs.getString("first");
                String last = rs.getString("last");

                // Display values
                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
                System.out.print(", First: " + first);
                System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
            }
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

十二、排序

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample12 {
    // JDBC driver name and database URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS?serverTimezone=UTC";

    // Database credentials
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            // STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // STEP 3: Open a connection
            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
            System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");

            // STEP 4: Execute a query
            System.out.println("Creating statement...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            // Extract records in ascending order by first name.
            System.out.println("Fetching records in ascending order...");
            String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration" + " ORDER BY first ASC";
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            while (rs.next()) {
                // Retrieve by column name
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");
                String first = rs.getString("first");
                String last = rs.getString("last");

                // Display values
                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
                System.out.print(", First: " + first);
                System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
            }

            // Extract records in descending order by first name.
            System.out.println("Fetching records in descending order...");
            sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration" + " ORDER BY first DESC";
            rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            while (rs.next()) {
                // Retrieve by column name
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");
                String first = rs.getString("first");
                String last = rs.getString("last");

                // Display values
                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
                System.out.print(", First: " + first);
                System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
            }
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            // Handle errors for JDBC
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle errors for Class.forName
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // finally block used to close resources
            try {
                if (stmt != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            } // do nothing
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally try
        } // end try
        System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }// end main
}// end JDBCExample

这将产生如下所示结果：

测试工程：https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/jdbcbasics/test10/