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  • Nginx负载均衡配置实例(转)

    1、轮询

    轮询即Round Robin,根据Nginx配置文件中的顺序,依次把客户端的Web请求分发到不同的后端服务器。
    配置的例子如下:

    http{
     upstream sampleapp {
       server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>;
       server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; 
     }
     ....
     server{
       listen 80;
       ...
       location / {
        proxy_pass http://sampleapp;
       } 
     }

    上面只有1个DNS入口被插入到upstream节,即sampleapp,同样也在后面的proxy_pass节重新提到。

    2、最少连接

    Web请求会被转发到连接数最少的服务器上。
    配置的例子如下:

    http{
      upstream sampleapp {
        least_conn;
        server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>;
        server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; 
      }
      ....
      server{
        listen 80;
        ...
        location / {
         proxy_pass http://sampleapp;
        } 
      }

    上面的例子只是在upstream节添加了least_conn配置。其它的配置同轮询配置。

    3、IP地址哈希

    前述的两种负载均衡方案中,同一客户端连续的Web请求可能会被分发到不同的后端服务器进行处理,因此如果涉及到会话Session,那么会话会比较复杂。常见的是基于数据库的会话持久化。要克服上面的难题,可以使用基于IP地址哈希的负载均衡方案。这样的话,同一客户端连续的Web请求都会被分发到同一服务器进行处理。
    配置的例子如下:

    http{
      upstream sampleapp {
        ip_hash;
        server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>;
        server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; 
      }
      ....
      server{
        listen 80;
        ...
        location / {
         proxy_pass http://sampleapp;
        } 
      }

    上面的例子只是在upstream节添加了ip_hash配置。其它的配置同轮询配置。

    4、基于权重的负载均衡

    基于权重的负载均衡即Weighted Load Balancing,这种方式下,我们可以配置Nginx把请求更多地分发到高配置的后端服务器上,把相对较少的请求分发到低配服务器。
    配置的例子如下:

    http{
      upstream sampleapp {
        server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>> weight=2; 
        server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>;
      }
      ....
      server{
        listen 80;
        ...
        location / {
         proxy_pass http://sampleapp;
        }
     }

    上面的例子在服务器地址和端口后weight=2的配置,这意味着,每接收到3个请求,前2个请求会被分发到第一个服务器,第3个请求会分发到第二个服务器,其它的配置同轮询配置。

    还要说明一点,基于权重的负载均衡和基于IP地址哈希的负载均衡可以组合在一起使用。

    我的配置,基于最简单的轮训:

    #user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        upstream testapp{
            server 192.168.20.50:8001;
            server 192.168.20.50:8002;    
        }
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
    
            #charset koi8-r;
    
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
                proxy_pass http://testapp;
            }
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ .php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
    
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ .php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
    
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
    
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl;
        #    server_name  localhost;
    
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
    
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    }

    说明:基于两台服务器8001和8002。这种方式真的是轮训,在服务器控制台输出轮流访问,并且不会访问出现故障的服务器。

    参考:

    http://www.jb51.net/article/60523.htm(以上大部分内容转自此篇文章)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/7809799.html
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