Keepalived实现Redis Failover

一、环境说明

操作系统版本：RHEL 5.4_64

redis版本：2.8.17

keepalived版本：1.1.15

master：10.142.130.81

slave：  10.142.130.82

Virtural IP Address (VIP) ：10.142.130.83（对外提供服务）

 

redis安装路径：/app/tomcat/redis

redis端口：6379

keepalived安装路径：/etc/keepalived

 

二、设计思路

1、当master与slave均运作正常时，VIP绑定在master上，master负责对外提供服务，slave进行replication，作为备用。

2、当master挂掉，slave正常时，VIP漂移至slave，由slave接管服务，同时关闭主从复制功能。

3、当master恢复正常后，从slave上同步数据，但不继续接管服务，此时master作为备用。

4、当slave挂掉，master正常，master接管服务，关闭主从复制功能。与此同时，位于slave恢复正常后，从master上同步数据，作为备用。

5、依次循环。

注意：master和slave上均开启rdb快照持久化。

 

三、具体配置步骤

1、在master和slave上分别安装redis

# su - 

# tar zxf redis-2.8.17.tar.gz

# cd zxf redis-2.8.17

# make && make install

# cd ..

# mv redis-2.8.17 /app/tomcat/redis

# chown -R tomcat.app /app/tomcat/redis

 

2、配置redis

# su - tomcat

# cd /app/tomcat/redis

# mkdir bin rdb conf log

# mv  redis.conf  sentinel.conf ./conf/

# find /app/tomcat/redis/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -delete

# cd src

# mv mkreleasehdr.sh  redis-benchmark  redis-check-aof  redis-check-dump  redis-cli  redis-sentinel  redis-server ../bin/

 

编辑/app/tomcat/redis/conf/redis.conf文件，修改如下内容：

daemonize yes   

pidfile /app/tomcat/redis/redis.pid 

port 6376  

logfile  /app/tomcat/redis/log/redis.log 

dir /app/tomcat/redis/rdb

maxmemory 16106127360   #给redis设定最大使用内存，这里是15G，根据实际情况而定。

 

3、在master和slave上分别安装keepalived

 

# su

# tar zxf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz

# cd keepalived-1.1.15

# ./configure --sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-x86_64

# make

# make install

# cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /sbin/keepalived

 

4、master上的keepalived配置

 

# cd /etc/keepalived

# >keepalived.conf

# vi keepalived.conf  #添加如下内容

! Configuration File for keepalived

 

global_defs {

        router_id redis-master

}

 

vrrp_script Monitor_redis {

        script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_monitor.sh"

        interval 2

        weight 2

}

 

vrrp_instance VI_1{

        state BACKUP

        interface bond0

        virtual_router_id 51

        mcast_src_ip 10.142.130.81

        priority  100

        nopreempt

        advert_int 1

        authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 1122

        }

        track_script {

                Monitor_redis

        }

        virtual_ipaddress {

                10.142.130.83

        }

        notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh

        notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh

        notify_fault  /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh

        notify_stop   /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh

}

 

# mkdir scripts

# cd scripts

# vi redis_monitor.sh  #redis监控脚本

#!/bin/bash    

value=$(/app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-cli -h 10.142.130.81 -p 6379 get name)

 

if [ "${value}" == "test" ]; then

    exit 0

    else

    /etc/init.d/keepalived stop

    exit 1

fi            

 

# vi redis_master.sh #当状态为master时执行的脚本，用来关闭主从复制

#!/bin/bash    

REDISCLI="/app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-cli"  

LOGFILE="/app/tomcat/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"  

echo "[master]" >> ${LOGFILE}

date >> ${LOGFILE}    

echo "Being master...." >> ${LOGFILE} 2>&1    

echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..." >> ${LOGFILE}

${REDISCLI} SLAVEOF NO ONE >> ${LOGFILE} 2>&1

 

# vi redis_backup.sh #当状态为backup时执行的脚本，用于开启主从复制

#!/bin/bash    

REDISCLI="/app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-cli"  

LOGFILE="/app/tomcat/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"  

echo "[backup]" >> ${LOGFILE}

date >> ${LOGFILE}

echo "Being slave...." >> ${LOGFILE} 2>&1    

sleep 10    

echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> ${LOGFILE}

${REDISCLI} SLAVEOF 10.142.130.82 6379 >> ${LOGFILE}  2>&1

 

# vi redis_fault.sh

#!/bin/bash  

LOGFILE="/app/tomcat/redis/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"

echo "[fault]" >> $LOGFILE  

date >> $LOGFILE

 

# vi redis_stop.sh

#!/bin/bash  

LOGFILE="/app/tomcat/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"  

echo "[stop]" >> $LOGFILE  

date >> $LOGFILE

 

给脚本加上可执行权限

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/scripts/*.sh

 

 

5、slave上的keepalived配置

# cd /etc/keepalived

# >keepalived.conf

# vi keepalived.conf  #添加如下内容

! Configuration File for keepalived  

 

global_defs {  

  router_id redis_backup

}  

 

vrrp_script Monitor_redis {  

  script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_monitor.sh"  

  interval 2  

  weight 2    

}  

 

vrrp_instance VI_1{  

  state BACKUP  

  interface bond0  

  virtual_router_id 51  

  mcast_src_ip 10.142.130.82

  priority  90  

  advert_int 1  

  authentication {  

  auth_type PASS  

  auth_pass 1122

 }  

  track_script {  

   Monitor_redis  

 }  

  virtual_ipaddress {  

   10.142.130.83

  }  

 notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh    

  notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh    

  notify_fault  /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh    

  notify_stop   /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh    

}

 

# mkdir scripts

# cd scripts

# vi redis_monitor.sh  #redis监控脚本

#!/bin/bash

value=$(/app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-cli -h 10.142.130.82 -p 6379 get name)

if [ "${value}" == "test" ]; then

    exit 0

    else

    /etc/init.d/keepalived stop

    exit 1

fi

 

# vi redis_master.sh

#!/bin/bash    

REDISCLI="/app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-cli"  

LOGFILE="/app/tomcat/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"  

 

echo "[master]" >> ${LOGFILE}

date >> ${LOGFILE}    

echo "Being master...." >> ${LOGFILE} 2>&1    

echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..." >> ${LOGFILE}

${REDISCLI} SLAVEOF NO ONE >> ${LOGFILE} 2>&1 

 

# vi redis_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash    

REDISCLI="/app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-cli"  

LOGFILE="/app/tomcat/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"  

echo "[backup]" >> ${LOGFILE}

date >> ${LOGFILE}

echo "Being slave...." >> ${LOGFILE} 2>&1    

sleep 10    

echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> ${LOGFILE}

${REDISCLI} SLAVEOF 10.142.130.81 6379 >> ${LOGFILE}  2>&1

 

# vi redis_fault.sh

#!/bin/bash  

LOGFILE="/app/tomcat/redis/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"

echo "[fault]" >> ${LOGFILE}

date >> ${LOGFILE}

 

# vi redis_stop.sh

#!/bin/bash  

LOGFILE="/app/tomcat/redis/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"  

echo "[stop]" >> ${LOGFILE}

date >> ${LOGFILE}

 

给脚本加上可执行权限

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/scripts/*.sh

 

四、启动

为方便后续管理，编写一个简单脚本重启redis

# vi restart-redis.sh

#!/bin/bash

ps -ef|awk '/app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-server/{print $2}'|xargs kill -9

/app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-server /app/tomcat/redis/conf/redis.conf

 

启动顺序

1、分别启动master和slave上redis

2、给master和slave上的redis设置检测的key和value

     # /app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-cli set name test

3、先启动salve上的keepalived，启动方法，用root用户执行命令/etc/init.d/keepalived start

4、用同样的方法启动master上的keepalived

 

注意事项：

执行ip addr show bond0命令查看VIP绑定在哪个主机上，执行redis-cli info查看主从关系，确保VIP绑定的机器一定要是redis中的master。

如果不是，通过手动关闭keepalived进行调整，一定要保证VIP和主从复制关系正确。首次使用前调整好，后续自动切换基本不会有问题。

 

 

五、监控

master挂了，slave会接管服务，那如何去恢复master，让他恢复之后成为slave的角色呢。这就需要要每台主机上部署一个监控脚本，定时每分钟监测一次。脚本如下：

# cat monitor_redis.sh

#!/bin/bash

num_proc=$(/bin/ps -fe|grep [k]eepalived|wc -l)

active=$(/app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-cli get name)

if [ "${num_proc}" != "3" ];then

        if [ "${active}" != "test" ];then

                /app/tomcat/bin/restart-redis.sh &>/dev/null

                if [ "$(/bin/ps -ef|grep [r]edis-server|wc -l)" == "1" -a "${active}" == "test" ];then

                        sleep 30

                        /usr/bin/sudo /etc/init.d/keepalived start &>/dev/null

                else

                        /app/tomcat/redis/bin/redis-cli set name test

                        [ "${active}" == "test" ] && /usr/bin/sudo /etc/init.d/keepalived start &>/dev/null

                fi

        else

                /usr/bin/sudo /etc/init.d/keepalived start &>/dev/null

        fi

fi

 

六、总结
1、keepalived的master与slave一般通过state和priority来指定，但是这两项设置满足不了我们上面的切换要求，这里是将state 都设置为BACKUP，然后以优先级riority的高低来决定     最初的master归属，另外优先级高的那台需要添加 nopreempt，这个参数的作用是keepalived恢复之后不主动抢占master的角色，等另一端挂掉之后会自动接管。

2、redis启动成功了之后并且能get设定的那个值后keepalived才能正常启动。

3、随着dump.rdb文件日益增大，redis重启后完全将数据加载进内存的时间会越来越长。monitor_redis.sh脚本中sleep 时间也需要作相应调整。