本文讲述在一个 django project 中使用多个数据库的方法, 多个数据库的联用 以及多数据库时数据导入导出的方法。
直接给出一种简单的方法吧,想了解更多的到官方教程,点击此处
代码文件下载:
project_name.zip(2017年05月01日更新)
1. 每个app都可以单独设置一个数据库
settings.py中有数据库的相关设置,有一个默认的数据库 default,我们可以再加一些其它的,比如:
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# Database# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databasesDATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), }, 'db1': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'dbname1', 'USER': 'your_db_user_name', 'PASSWORD': 'yourpassword', "HOST": "localhost", }, 'db2': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'dbname2', 'USER': 'your_db_user_name', 'PASSWORD': 'yourpassword', "HOST": "localhost", },}# use multi-database in django# add by WeizhongTuDATABASE_ROUTERS = ['project_name.database_router.DatabaseAppsRouter']DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = { # example: #'app_name':'database_name', 'app1': 'db1', 'app2': 'db2',} |
在project_name文件夹中存放 database_router.py 文件,内容如下:
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from django.conf import settingsDATABASE_MAPPING = settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPINGclass DatabaseAppsRouter(object): """ A router to control all database operations on models for different databases. In case an app is not set in settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING, the router will fallback to the `default` database. Settings example: DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = {'app1': 'db1', 'app2': 'db2'} """ def db_for_read(self, model, **hints): """"Point all read operations to the specific database.""" if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label] return None def db_for_write(self, model, **hints): """Point all write operations to the specific database.""" if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label] return None def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints): """Allow any relation between apps that use the same database.""" db_obj1 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj1._meta.app_label) db_obj2 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj2._meta.app_label) if db_obj1 and db_obj2: if db_obj1 == db_obj2: return True else: return False return None # for Django 1.4 - Django 1.6 def allow_syncdb(self, db, model): """Make sure that apps only appear in the related database.""" if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values(): return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(model._meta.app_label) == db elif model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return False return None # Django 1.7 - Django 1.11 def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model_name=None, **hints): print db, app_label, model_name, hints if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values(): return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(app_label) == db elif app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return False return None |
这样就实现了指定的 app 使用指定的数据库了,当然你也可以多个sqlite3一起使用,相当于可以给每个app都可以单独设置一个数据库!如果不设置或者没有设置的app就会自动使用默认的数据库。
2.使用指定的数据库来执行操作
在查询的语句后面用 using(dbname) 来指定要操作的数据库即可
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# 查询YourModel.objects.using('db1').all() 或者 YourModel.objects.using('db2').all()# 保存 或 删除user_obj.save(using='new_users')user_obj.delete(using='legacy_users') |