ansible简介绍
1.ansible是什么？
l ansible是一个基于Python开发的自动化运维工具 ！
l 其功能实现基于SSH远程连接服务！
l ansible可以实现批量系统配置、批量软件部署、批量文件拷贝、批量运行命令等功能
2.ansible软件特性
l 不需要单独安装客户端（no agents），基于系统自带的sshd服务，sshd就相当于ansible的客户端。
l 不需要服务端(no servers)。
l 需要依靠大量的模块实现批量管理。?
l 配置文件/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg,不用配置
3.ansible软件执行结果
l 输出内容显示绿色：表示执行成功，当没有任何改变
l 输出内容显示黄色：表示执行成功，蛋对被管理主机进行了改变
l 输出内容显示红色：表示执行失败！！！
4.ansible的官方文档
http://docs.ansible.com/
ansible的部署：
1.因为ansible基于ssh所以需要密钥对可参考http://www.cnblogs.com/ExzaiTin/p/7687410.html
2.被管理端需要安装libselinux-python
yum install libselinux-python -y
3.管理端安装ansible软件配置ansible的hosts文件（管理机和被管理机可以基于ssh免密钥，也可以在ansible的hosts文件中写入被管理机的密码）配置格式如下（仅供参考，可以不写密码和用户，[]里表示自己定义的主机组，如果域名可以解析的话ip也可以写为域名）
4.ansible命令格式
ansible <host-pattern> [-m module_name] [-a args] [options]
<host-pattern> 自己定义的主机组
[-m module_name] 指定模块
[-a args] 指定要执行的动作
ansible常用模块：
1.ping-测试模块
ansible test -m ping 172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } ##以上为可以正常链接字体会显示为绿色 172.16.1.41 | UNREACHABLE! => { "changed": false, "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: ssh: connect to host 172.16.1.41 port 22: Connection timed out ", "unreachable": true } ##以上为无法链接字体会显示为红色
2.setup-远程查看主机的配置信息
ansible test -m setup
3.command-远程执行命令
4.shell-远程节点执行模块
[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m shell -a "date" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> Sat Oct 21 12:00:38 CST 2017
5.script-在远程执行本地的脚本
[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m script -a "/sh/test.sh" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "rc": 0, "stderr": "Shared connection to 172.16.1.222 closed. ", "stdout": "hello word ", "stdout_lines": [ "hello word" ] }
6.copy-复制模块
##管理主机数据--远程主机 [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/sh/test.sh dest=/server/scripts mode=0755" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128", "dest": "/server/scripts/test.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "e87e71d1c410c5863aadc5b9a3fe209b", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "size": 30, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508560437.19-268270019190063/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } ##远程主机数据进行复制 [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "remote_src=true src=/server/scripts/test.sh dest=/tmp/" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128", "dest": "/tmp/test.sh", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "e87e71d1c410c5863aadc5b9a3fe209b", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 30, "src": "/server/scripts/test.sh", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } ##复制到目标后修改名称 [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hello.txt" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "545f587595b5c60d66243fca48e052ed34eed782", "dest": "/tmp/hello.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "fe08440ffebed54cab7a9b4cb3c3beda", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 371, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508560939.57-196389366869591/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } ##复制时会创建目录，包括多级目录 [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/a/b/c/" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "545f587595b5c60d66243fca48e052ed34eed782", "dest": "/tmp/a/b/c/hosts", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "fe08440ffebed54cab7a9b4cb3c3beda", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 371, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508561086.8-245628104704955/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 }
7.file-设置文件属性
创建目录（支持创建多级目录） [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m file -a "dest=/tmp/dir state=directory" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/dir", "size": 4096, "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } 创建文件 [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m file -a "dest=/tmp/hello state=touch" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/hello", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 创建软连接 [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m file -a "src=/tmp/test.sh dest=/root/test.link state=link " 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "dest": "/root/test.link", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "size": 12, "src": "/tmp/test.sh", "state": "link", "uid": 0 } 删除文件目录 [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m file -a "dest=/root/test.link state=absent" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "path": "/root/test.link", "state": "absent" }
8.fetch-远程获取
##从远程主机拉取文件 [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m fetch -a "src=/tmp/test.sh dest=/tmp" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128", "dest": "/tmp/172.16.1.222/tmp/test.sh", "md5sum": "e87e71d1c410c5863aadc5b9a3fe209b", "remote_checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128", "remote_md5sum": null } [root@m01 ~]# tree /tmp /tmp └── 172.16.1.222 └── tmp └── test.sh 2 directories, 1 file ##拉取时仅拉取目标文件或目录 [root@m01 tmp]# ansible test -m fetch -a "src=/tmp/test.sh dest=/tmp/ flat=yes" 172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128", "dest": "/tmp/test.sh", "md5sum": "e87e71d1c410c5863aadc5b9a3fe209b", "remote_checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128", "remote_md5sum": null } [root@m01 tmp]# tree /tmp /tmp └── test.sh 0 directories, 1 file
9.mount-挂载相关模块
10.cron-定时任务模块
11.yum-软件安装模块
12.service-服务启动或管理模块
13.filesystem-文件系统模块
14.user-用户管理
15.synchronize-rsync相关
