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  • 装饰模式和Java IO

    装饰模式

    修饰模式(装饰模式),是面向对象编程领域中,一种动态地往一个类中添加新的行为的设计模式。就功能而言,修饰模式相比生成子类更为灵活,这样可以给某个对象而不是整个类添加一些功能。

    装饰模式的UML如下所示:

    装饰模式中有四个角色:

    • Component 抽象构件,最基本、最核心、最原始的接口或抽象类
    • ConcreteComponent 具体构件的引用
    • Decorator 装饰角色, 持有对构件的引用
    • ConcreteDecorator 具体装饰角色

    Java IO中的装饰模式

    Java IO流就是装饰模式的典型应用。

    与装饰模式中角色对应的类如下:

    • Component:InputStreamOutputStream
    • ConcreteComponent: FileInputStreamPipeInputStreamByteArrayInputStream ...
    • Decorator:FilterInputStreamFilterOutputStream
    • ConcreteDecorator: DataInputStreamBufferedInputStreamLineNumberInputStream...

    FilterInputStreamFilterOutputStream做的事情很简单,只是持有了一个Stream的引用并做了代理:

    package java.io;
    
    public
    class FilterInputStream extends InputStream {
        
        protected volatile InputStream in;
    
        protected FilterInputStream(InputStream in) {
            this.in = in;
        }
    
        public int read() throws IOException {
            return in.read();
        }
    
        //...省略掉一些方法
    }
    

    BufferedInputStream

    来看下BufferedInputStream的代码(当然只是一部分):

    package java.io;
    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater;
    
    public
    class BufferedInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
    	private static int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
    
        protected volatile byte buf[];
        
        protected int count;
        
    	protected int pos;
    
    	protected int markpos = -1;
    	
    	protected int marklimit;
    
    	public BufferedInputStream(InputStream in) {
            this(in, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
        }
        
        public BufferedInputStream(InputStream in, int size) {
            super(in);
            if (size <= 0) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Buffer size <= 0");
            }
            buf = new byte[size];
        }
    
    	private void fill() throws IOException {
            byte[] buffer = getBufIfOpen();
            if (markpos < 0)
                pos = 0;            /* no mark: throw away the buffer */
            else if (pos >= buffer.length)  /* no room left in buffer */
                if (markpos > 0) {  /* can throw away early part of the buffer */
                    int sz = pos - markpos;
                    System.arraycopy(buffer, markpos, buffer, 0, sz);
                    pos = sz;
                    markpos = 0;
                } else if (buffer.length >= marklimit) {
                    markpos = -1;   /* buffer got too big, invalidate mark */
                    pos = 0;        /* drop buffer contents */
                } else if (buffer.length >= MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
                    throw new OutOfMemoryError("Required array size too large");
                } else {            /* grow buffer */
                    int nsz = (pos <= MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - pos) ?
                            pos * 2 : MAX_BUFFER_SIZE;
                    if (nsz > marklimit)
                        nsz = marklimit;
                    byte nbuf[] = new byte[nsz];
                    System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, nbuf, 0, pos);
                    if (!bufUpdater.compareAndSet(this, buffer, nbuf)) {
                        
                        throw new IOException("Stream closed");
                    }
                    buffer = nbuf;
                }
            count = pos;
            int n = getInIfOpen().read(buffer, pos, buffer.length - pos);
            if (n > 0)
                count = n + pos;
        }
    
    	public synchronized int read() throws IOException {
            if (pos >= count) {
                fill();
                if (pos >= count)
                    return -1;
            }
            return getBufIfOpen()[pos++] & 0xff;
        }
    
    	public synchronized int read(byte b[], int off, int len)
            throws IOException
        {
            getBufIfOpen(); // Check for closed stream
            if ((off | len | (off + len) | (b.length - (off + len))) < 0) {
                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
            } else if (len == 0) {
                return 0;
            }
    
            int n = 0;
            for (;;) {
                int nread = read1(b, off + n, len - n);
                if (nread <= 0)
                    return (n == 0) ? nread : n;
                n += nread;
                if (n >= len)
                    return n;
                // if not closed but no bytes available, return
                InputStream input = in;
                if (input != null && input.available() <= 0)
                    return n;
            }
        }
    }
    
    • BufferedInputStream中有一个byte数组作为缓存,存放从制定的InputStream中读出的字节;
    • 它的read放回会先查看buf数组中是否还有可读的字节,如果没有就先调用一次fill()方法从指定的stream中读取字节到buf数组中(或者直接去stream中读取足够的字节,再调用fill()方法);
    • BufferedInputStream支持mark,fill()方法会在buf中保留markpos到pos的这个区间内(包括markpos,不包括pos)的字节,当然前提是markpos有效;
    • 当markpos为0,buf数组中没有空间,buf数组的长度小于等于pos并小于 marklimit和MAX_BUFFER_SIZE,buf将被一个长度为 marklimit、MAX_BUFFER_SIZE和 2 * p中较小值的数组代替(原数组中的字节会被拷贝)。

    关于mark的问题

    BufferedInputStreammark()方法是这样的:

        /**
         * See the general contract of the <code>mark</code>
         * method of <code>InputStream</code>.
         *
         * @param   readlimit   the maximum limit of bytes that can be read before
         *                      the mark position becomes invalid.
         * @see     java.io.BufferedInputStream#reset()
         */
        public synchronized void mark(int readlimit) {
            marklimit = readlimit;
            markpos = pos;
        }
    

    按照doc的意思,markpos应该在读取的字节数超过了readlimit的时候就应该失效。
    但是实际上,只有fill方法中的这一段代码让markpos失效了:

    if (buffer.length >= marklimit) {
      markpos = -1;   /* buffer got too big, invalidate mark */
      pos = 0;        /* drop buffer contents */
    }
    

    也就是说,如果marklimit小于buf数组长度,markpos是不会失效的:

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[]{0, 1, 2, 3};
        ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        BufferedInputStream bin = new BufferedInputStream(in);
        //如果制定了size为1,这段代码将会报错
        //BufferedInputStream bin = new BufferedInputStream(in, 1);
        bin.mark(1);
        bin.read();
        bin.read();
        bin.reset();
    }
    

    当然,之前也有提到,如果markpos为0, buf是有可能扩容的。

    参考资料

    JDK8源码
    《设计模式之禅》第二版
    修饰模式

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/FJH1994/p/9131484.html
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