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  • 利用Expression实现DbReader到对象属性的绑定

    最近在工作中的一个项目使用了一种很小众的数据库:Vertica。小众的东西有很多缺点,比如它的.Net client没有实现LINQ。而这个项目有大量的读取数据库的操作,之前用惯了LINQ,现在却要回到原始社会,写command,从DbReader里把值读出来,写到对象的属性上,想想就各种不爽:大量的hard code的字段名称,不光容易写错,还容易写漏;赋值时,又要处理null值,又要处理各种数据类型的转换。不光代码写起来麻烦,还要写很多测试来保证这些代码的正确。而在LINQ的帮助下,这一切都是透明的。

    为了能心情愉悦的完成项目,指望HP能出个LINQ provider是没戏的了,我决定从LINQ中借鉴点东西来。由于项目中大部分查询都会比较复杂,把一个lambda表达式翻译成sql的实现太复杂了,根本没办法在一个很短的时间内完成,而写个sql语句,调用DbCommand对象执行下,也不是很麻烦的事,我真正在意的是诸如下面的代码,写起来很麻烦。

    obj.PropertyA = (int)reader.GetValue(reader.GetOrdinal("FieldA"))

    而如果可以按照下面的方式来写,就比较容易了,不光不容易写错,而且还有智能提示的帮助,在代码的输入速度上也会有很大的提升。

    reader.BindValue(obj, o => o.PropertyA);

    现在目标有了,问题是如何将其转换为我实际想要的功能。而要实现从DbReader里读取数据。将数据做适当的类型转换(如果需要的话),然后赋值到对应的属性上这一系列操作,需要从上面这个代码里获取到如下信息:

    • 属性名称
    • 属性类型
    • 数据库字段名称
    • 数据库字段类型
    • 属性的setValue方法

    所幸,这一切信息我们都能从上面代码中的lambda表达式中获取出来。

    首先,我们需要来定义BindValue方法:

    public static void BindValue<T>(this DbReader, T obj, Expression<Func<T, TProp>> prop)
    {
    }

    我们不能把prop参数定义成委托,而是Expression<TDelegate>类型。有了这个表达式对象,一切都变的很容易了:

                var memberExp = prop.Body as MemberExpression;
                var memberInfo = memberExp.Member;
                var fieldName = memberInfo.Name;
                var typeName = memberInfo.DeclaringType.FullName;
                var propType = (memberInfo as PropertyInfo).PropertyType;

    通过上面的代码,我们知道了字段的名称,字段的类型,以及字段的MemberInfo,有了这些,我们就可以通过反射将DbReader里的值获取出来,然后赋值到对象的属性上了。

    不过由于读取数据库是个频繁的操作,如果每次都通过反射的方式去赋值,在性能上有些损失。为了程序编写的方便而损失性能有些不太合适,因此,我们需要更近一步:动态的生成一个方法,而以后就可以直接调用方法,而不用通过反射的方法了。在以往,想动态的生成一些代码,只能通过System.Reflection.Emit命名空间下的类来实现,十分困难;而有了Expression这一利器以后,做这件事就容易多了。我们要做的事就是将obj.PropertyA = (int)reader.GetValue(reader.GetOrdinal("FieldA"))这一操作分解,将各个部分对应到相应的Expression对象上,然后将这些对象组合起来,得到一个LambdaExpression对象,最后编译一下,得到我们最终想要的方法,一个代理对象。最终效果如下:

                    var company = new CompanyEntity();
                    company.BindTo(reader)
                        .With(item => item.CompanyId)
                        .With(item => item.Name)
                        .With(item => item.CountryId)
                        .With(item => item.Address);

    下面给出完整的实现 (由于项目是3.5的,如果是在4.0下,实现则会更简单些):

        /// <summary>
        /// this class provides some functions about the data from the database, like convert the data to target's type.
        /// </summary>
        public static class DbDataHelper
        {
            readonly static object lockObj = new object();
            private static Dictionary<string, Delegate> propBinders = new Dictionary<string, Delegate>();
    
            /// <summary>
            /// bind the data from DbReader to the property in the expression.
            /// </summary>
            /// <typeparam name="TObj"></typeparam>
            /// <typeparam name="TProp"></typeparam>
            /// <param name="obj"></param>
            /// <param name="prop">to specify the property which you want to bind</param>
            /// <param name="reader"></param>
            /// <param name="colName"></param>
            /// <param name="customerConv"></param>
            private static void BindValue<TObj, TProp>(
                this TObj obj,
                Expression<Func<TObj, TProp>> prop,
                DbDataReader reader,
                string colName,
                Func<object, TProp> customerConv)
            {
                if (prop.NodeType != ExpressionType.Lambda) throw new ArgumentException("prop");
                if (prop.Body.NodeType != ExpressionType.MemberAccess) throw new ArgumentException("prop");
    
                var memberExp = prop.Body as MemberExpression;
                var memberInfo = memberExp.Member;
                var fieldName = memberInfo.Name;
                var typeName = memberInfo.DeclaringType.FullName;
                var propType = (memberInfo as PropertyInfo).PropertyType;
    
                if (!propBinders.ContainsKey(typeName + "-" + fieldName))
                {
                    lock (lockObj)
                    {
                        if (!propBinders.ContainsKey(typeName + "-" + fieldName))
                        {
                            if (colName == null)
                            {
                                colName = fieldName;
                                // if colName != fieldName, get colName from DbColumnAttribute
                                var colAttrs = memberInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DbColumnAttribute), false);
                                if (colAttrs != null && colAttrs.Length == 1)
                                {
                                    colName = (colAttrs[0] as DbColumnAttribute).Name;
                                }
                            }
    
                            var paraObjExp = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TObj), "obj");
                            var paraDbReaderExp = Expression.Parameter(typeof(DbDataReader), "reader");
    
                            var fldIdx = reader.GetOrdinal(colName);
                            var constFldIdxExp = Expression.Constant(fldIdx);
                            var fldType = reader.GetFieldType(fldIdx);
    
                            var getValueCallExp = Expression.Call(
                                Expression.Convert(paraDbReaderExp, reader.GetType()),
                                reader.GetType().GetMethod("GetValue"),
                                constFldIdxExp);
    
                            MethodCallExpression convValueExp = null;
                            if (customerConv != null)
                            {
                                convValueExp = Expression.Call(
                                    Expression.Constant(customerConv.Target),
                                    customerConv.Method,
                                    getValueCallExp);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                convValueExp = Expression.Call(
                                    typeof(DbDataHelper).GetMethod("GetValue", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static),
                                    getValueCallExp,
                                    Expression.Constant(fldType),
                                    Expression.Constant(propType));
                            }
    
                            var setValueExp = Expression.Call(
                                Expression.Convert(paraObjExp, typeof(TObj)),
                                (memberInfo as PropertyInfo).GetSetMethod(),
                                Expression.Convert(convValueExp, propType));
                            var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Action<TObj, DbDataReader>>(setValueExp, paraObjExp, paraDbReaderExp);
                            var action = lambda.Compile();
                            propBinders.Add(typeName + "-" + fieldName, action);
                        }
                    }
                }
                var setAction = propBinders[typeName + "-" + fieldName] as Action<TObj, DbDataReader>;
                setAction(obj, reader);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// type convert help function
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="input"></param>
            /// <param name="inputType"></param>
            /// <param name="outputType"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            private static object GetValue(object input, Type inputType, Type outputType)
            {
                if (inputType == outputType)
                    if (input == DBNull.Value) return null;
                    else return input;
    
                if (input == DBNull.Value
                    && (outputType.IsGenericType && outputType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>)
                    || outputType == typeof(string)))
                    return null;
    
                if (outputType.IsGenericType && typeof(Nullable<>) == outputType.GetGenericTypeDefinition())
                {
                    var argType = outputType.GetGenericArguments()[0];
                    if (argType == inputType)
                    {
                        return input;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        var val = Convert.ChangeType(input, argType);
                        return val;
                    }
                }
                return Convert.ChangeType(input, outputType);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// bind the data from DbDataReader to the property in the expression
            /// </summary>
            /// <typeparam name="TObj"></typeparam>
            /// <typeparam name="TProp"></typeparam>
            /// <param name="binder"></param>
            /// <param name="prop"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public static DataBinder<TObj> With<TObj, TProp>(
                this DataBinder<TObj> binder,
                Expression<Func<TObj, TProp>> prop)
            {
                binder.Obj.BindValue(prop, binder.Reader, null, null);
                return binder;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// bind the data from DbDataReader to the property in the expression
            /// </summary>
            /// <typeparam name="TObj"></typeparam>
            /// <typeparam name="TProp"></typeparam>
            /// <param name="binder"></param>
            /// <param name="prop"></param>
            /// <param name="colName"></param>
            /// <param name="custConv"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public static DataBinder<TObj> With<TObj, TProp>(
                this DataBinder<TObj> binder,
                Expression<Func<TObj, TProp>> prop,
                string colName,
                Func<object, TProp> custConv)
            {
                binder.Obj.BindValue(prop, binder.Reader, colName, custConv);
                return binder;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// create a binder between obj and DbDataReader
            /// </summary>
            /// <typeparam name="TObj"></typeparam>
            /// <param name="obj"></param>
            /// <param name="reader"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public static DataBinder<TObj> BindTo<TObj>(this TObj obj, DbDataReader reader)
            {
                return new DataBinder<TObj>(obj, reader);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// a container to keep the object and DbDataReader for BindTo function
            /// </summary>
            /// <typeparam name="TObj"></typeparam>
            public class DataBinder<TObj>
            {
                /// <summary>
                /// 
                /// </summary>
                public TObj Obj { get; private set; }
                /// <summary>
                /// 
                /// </summary>
                public DbDataReader Reader { get; private set; }
    
                internal DataBinder(TObj obj, DbDataReader reader)
                {
                    this.Obj = obj;
                    this.Reader = reader;
                }
            }
        }
    
        /// <summary>
        /// if the property name is not equals to the name in the database, use it to specify the name in database
        /// </summary>
        public class DbColumnAttribute : Attribute
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="name"></param>
            public DbColumnAttribute(string name)
            {
                this.Name = name;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 
            /// </summary>
            public string Name { get; set; }
        }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/FMax/p/3199694.html
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