docker基础学习（一）

操作演示：

1、查看一个容器的版本

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.09.3
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.8
 Git commit:        774a1f4
 Built:             Thu Feb 28 06:33:21 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.3
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.8
  Git commit:       774a1f4
  Built:            Thu Feb 28 06:02:24 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker -v
Docker version 18.09.3, build 774a1f4

2、查找指定的镜像

3、查看已安装的镜像

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis               4.0-alpine          83944736833a        3 weeks ago         35.5MB
busybox             latest              d8233ab899d4        4 weeks ago         1.2MB
nginx               1.14-alpine         66952fd0a8ef        6 weeks ago         16MB

4、从hub.docker.com网站拉取镜像

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image pull nginx:1.14-alpine

5、拉取busybox

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
Digest: sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f
Status: Image is up to date for busybox:latest

6、删除一个镜像

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker rmi busybox
Untagged: busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox@sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f
Deleted: sha256:d8233ab899d419c58cf3634c0df54ff5d8acc28f8173f09c21df4a07229e1205
Deleted: sha256:adab5d09ba79ecf30d3a5af58394b23a447eda7ffffe16c500ddc5ccb4c0222f

7、查看已安装镜像的完整的IMAGE ID

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image ls --no-trunc
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED             SIZE
redis               4.0-alpine          sha256:83944736833a71a490d842a93ec192d78fbe61063ca8b38d5a2b786f477f20ca   3 weeks ago         35.5MB
nginx               1.14-alpine         sha256:66952fd0a8efa0598626fad89d3a0827bc24fc92c3adb576adbc9fd58606e1af   6 weeks ago         16MB

8、查看容器中运行了哪些服务（包含启动和停止的）

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
fdbb9c2cc7c8        redis:4.0-alpine    "docker-entrypoint.s…"   30 minutes ago      Up 30 minutes       6379/tcp            redis1
77f4d1bb8da9        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   34 minutes ago      Up 34 minutes       80/tcp              web1

还要关注STATUS的这个值，这个值显示为Up，表示服务处于启动状态。默认情况下不能看到停止状态的容器，所以需要加上-a参数，即“docker ps -a”来查看STATUS这个值为Exit，表示为关闭状态。

9、启动一个容器

一个容器中只能运行一个镜像，但是可以运行多个容器。

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container run --name redis2 -d redis:4.0-alpine
68d5b4f366afe5e731112dfb809c8669dd186dbbd6259b59056811345ab1cc4c

在docker run这个过程中，首先是去拉去本地的redis:4.0-alpine这个镜像image，我们刚刚是已经从互联网上拉取过并放在了本地，因此可以直接启动。但是如果docker没有找到本地的镜像image，则会去互联网上下载，然后再运行。其中--name是指定容器的名字，-d是指定运行的镜像，在运行容器之前还有创建容器这个过程。这就是他们启动的过程

10、查看此时运行的容器

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
68d5b4f366af        redis:4.0-alpine    "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        6379/tcp            redis2
77f4d1bb8da9        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   44 minutes ago      Up 44 minutes       80/tcp              web1

11、查看已运行的容器的详细信息

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker inspect redis2

12、交互式向容器发送指令

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker exec -it redis2 /bin/ls /etc
TZ              init.d          network         securetty
alpine-release  inittab         opt             services
apk             issue           os-release      shadow

-i表示交互式输入指令。

-t表示分配一个伪终端。

13、查看容器的日志

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker logs web1
172.17.0.1 - - [20/Mar/2019:02:29:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"

此容器中运行了一个web服务器，我们可以查看日志

镜像的介绍：

 

 

也就是说一个镜像可以有多个tag，但是一个tag只能对应一个镜像。

 

14、删除镜像

如果要删除镜像，此镜像必须是停止状态，然后需要先删除容器，再删除镜像，如下所示：

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
db8c95fc5ba8        chen/busybox/httpd:v0.2   "httpd -f -h /data/h…"   28 minutes ago      Up 28 minutes                           jolly_poitras
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker stop db8c95fc5ba8
db8c95fc5ba8

删除容器

[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    
db8c95fc5ba8        chen/busybox/httpd:v0.2   "httpd -f -h /data/h…"   32 minutes ago      Exited (137) 2 minutes ago
9fdca18c27b4        chen/busybox/httpd:v0.1   "httpd -f -h /data/h…"   33 minutes ago      Exited (1) 33 minutes ago 
68d5b4f366af        redis:4.0-alpine          "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 hours ago         Exited (255) About an hour
fdbb9c2cc7c8        redis:4.0-alpine          "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 hours ago         Exited (0) 6 hours ago    
77f4d1bb8da9        nginx:1.14-alpine         "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   6 hours ago         Exited (255) About an hour
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container rm 9fdca18c27b4
9fdca18c27b4
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
chen/busybox/httpd       v0.2                2a906703e3da        33 minutes ago      1.2MB
chen/busybox/httpd       v0.1                b17250b566ae        39 minutes ago      1.2MB
redis                    4.0-alpine          83944736833a        3 weeks ago         35.5MB
busybox                  latest              d8233ab899d4        4 weeks ago         1.2MB
nginx                    1.14-alpine         66952fd0a8ef        6 weeks ago         16MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel   v0.10.0-amd64       f0fad859c909        14 months ago       44.6MB
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image rm b17250b566ae
Untagged: chen/busybox/httpd:v0.1
Deleted: sha256:b17250b566aeeaa99a1e0850717d56b018d846cf6f27253a72ced90eb60912c3
Deleted: sha256:2b0eba4397e6216f884be40579b35e0e950211bf8a751552f889a6a3200b5ed4
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
chen/busybox/httpd       v0.2                2a906703e3da        33 minutes ago      1.2MB
redis                    4.0-alpine          83944736833a        3 weeks ago         35.5MB
busybox                  latest              d8233ab899d4        4 weeks ago         1.2MB
nginx                    1.14-alpine         66952fd0a8ef        6 weeks ago         16MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel   v0.10.0-amd64       f0fad859c909        14 months ago       44.6MB

删除镜像成功。