下面的 C# 示例程序说明如何通过
该程序定义了两个供自己使用的类:一个是
allDone 属性包含 ManualResetEvent 类的一个实例,该实例发出信号表示请求已完成。
[C#]
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Threading;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
// The RequestState class passes data across async calls.
public class RequestState
{
const int BufferSize = 1024;
public StringBuilder RequestData;
public byte[] BufferRead;
public WebRequest Request;
public Stream ResponseStream;
// Create Decoder for appropriate enconding type.
public Decoder StreamDecode = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();
public RequestState()
{
BufferRead = new byte[BufferSize];
RequestData = new StringBuilder(String.Empty);
Request = null;
ResponseStream = null;
}
}
// ClientGetAsync issues the async request.
class ClientGetAsync
{
public static ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
if (args.Length < 1)
{
showusage();
return;
}
// Get the URI from the command line.
Uri httpSite = new Uri(args[0]);
// Create the request object.
WebRequest wreq = WebRequest.Create(httpSite);
// Create the state object.
RequestState rs = new RequestState();
// Put the request into the state object so it can be passed around.
rs.Request = wreq;
// Issue the async request.
IAsyncResult r = (IAsyncResult) wreq.BeginGetResponse(
new AsyncCallback(RespCallback), rs);
// Wait until the ManualResetEvent is set so that the application
// does not exit until after the callback is called.
allDone.WaitOne();
Console.WriteLine(rs.RequestData.ToString());
}
public static void showusage() {
Console.WriteLine("Attempts to GET a URL");
Console.WriteLine("\r\nUsage:");
Console.WriteLine(" ClientGetAsync URL");
Console.WriteLine(" Example:");
Console.WriteLine(" ClientGetAsync http://www.contoso.com/");
}
private static void RespCallback(IAsyncResult ar)
{
// Get the RequestState object from the async result.
RequestState rs = (RequestState) ar.AsyncState;
// Get the WebRequest from RequestState.
WebRequest req = rs.Request;
// Call EndGetResponse, which produces the WebResponse object
// that came from the request issued above.
WebResponse resp = req.EndGetResponse(ar);
// Start reading data from the response stream.
Stream ResponseStream = resp.GetResponseStream();
// Store the response stream in RequestState to read
// the stream asynchronously.
rs.ResponseStream = ResponseStream;
// Pass rs.BufferRead to BeginRead. Read data into rs.BufferRead
IAsyncResult iarRead = ResponseStream.BeginRead(rs.BufferRead, 0,
BUFFER_SIZE, new AsyncCallback(ReadCallBack), rs);
}
private static void ReadCallBack(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
{
// Get the RequestState object from AsyncResult.
RequestState rs = (RequestState)asyncResult.AsyncState;
// Retrieve the ResponseStream that was set in RespCallback.
Stream responseStream = rs.ResponseStream;
// Read rs.BufferRead to verify that it contains data.
int read = responseStream.EndRead( asyncResult );
if (read > 0)
{
// Prepare a Char array buffer for converting to Unicode.
Char[] charBuffer = new Char[BUFFER_SIZE];
// Convert byte stream to Char array and then to String.
// len contains the number of characters converted to Unicode.
int len =
rs.StreamDecode.GetChars(rs.BufferRead, 0, BUFFER_SIZE, charBuffer, 0);
String str = new String(charBuffer, 0, len);
// Append the recently read data to the RequestData stringbuilder
// object contained in RequestState.
rs.RequestData.Append(
Encoding.ASCII.GetString(rs.BufferRead, 0, read));
// Continue reading data until
// responseStream.EndRead returns –1.
IAsyncResult ar = responseStream.BeginRead(
rs.BufferRead, 0, BUFFER_SIZE,
new AsyncCallback(ReadCallBack), rs);
}
else
{
if(rs.RequestData.Length>0)
{
// Display data to the console.
string strContent;
strContent = rs.RequestData.ToString();
}
// Close down the response stream.
responseStream.Close();
// Set the ManualResetEvent so the main thread can exit.
allDone.Set();
}
return;
}
}
使用应用程序协议.NET 框架支持 Internet 上通用的应用程序协议。本节内容包括关于在 .NET 框架中使用 HTTP
HTTP.NET 框架使用 HttpWebRequest 和 HttpWebResponse 类来提供对 HTTP 协议的全面支持,而 HTTP 协议构成了大部分的 Internet 通信量。每当静态方法 WebRequest.Create 遇到以“http”或“https”开头的 URI 时,在默认情况下将返回这些从 WebRequest 和 WebResponse 派生的类。多数情况下,
以下示例显示如何访问 HTTP 特定的属性,在本例中为关闭 HTTP
[C#]
HttpWebRequest HttpWReq =
(HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.contoso.com");
// Turn off connection keep-alives.
HttpWReq.KeepAlive = false;
HttpWebResponse HttpWResp = (HttpWebResponse)HttpWReq.GetResponse();
// Get the HTTP protocol version number returned by the server.
String ver = HttpWResp.ProtocolVersion.ToString();
HttpWResp.Close();
可以通过将 AllowAutoRedirect 属性设置为
应用程序通过捕捉 Status 设置为 WebExceptionStatus.ProtocolError 的 WebException 来接收 HTTP 协议错误。Response 属性包含由服务器发送的