1.前言
(1).由于MIUI等部分国产定制系统也有权限管理，没有相关api，故无法判断用户是否允许获取联系人等隐私。在Android 6.0之后，新增权限管理可以通过官方api判断用户的运行状态；
(2).我们指定targetSdkVersion为23或者之后我们还需要在运行时请求这些所需的权限。这很重要，因为已经出现了很多开发者把targetSdkVersion飙到了最新，然后发现自己的app疯狂的崩溃，这是由于他们没有实现执行运行时权限请求的代码。当你已经把一个targeting API 为23或者之后的app发布到了Google Play上，这更是一个问题，你无法立即把那个apk的targeting API替换成更早的版本。
2.权限分析
从Android6.0开始，权限分为普通权限和许可权限。许可权限分类归组，一个权限授权之后，该组下的权限均可使用。
(1)普通权限
只需要在xml申请即可，使用方法和之前6.0以前的一样。在应用安装应用时，会默认获得许可。
(2)许可权限
可执行 $adb shell pm list permissions -d -g
| Permission Group | Permissions |
|---|---|
android.permission-group.CALENDAR |
|
android.permission-group.CAMERA |
|
android.permission-group.CONTACTS |
|
android.permission-group.LOCATION |
|
android.permission-group.MICROPHONE |
|
android.permission-group.PHONE |
|
android.permission-group.SENSORS |
|
android.permission-group.SMS |
|
android.permission-group.STORAGE |
|
同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。
源码中被用来检查和请求权限的方法分别是Activity的checkSelfPermission和requestPermissions，这些方法api23引入。
3.相关方法
(1).ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission()
检查应用是否拥有该权限，被授权返回值为PERMISSION_GRANTED，否则返回PERMISSION_DENIED
(2).ActivityCompat.requestPermissions()
将弹出请求授权对话框，这个方法在M之前版本调用，OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback 直接被调用，带着正确的 PERMISSION_GRANTED或者 PERMISSION_DENIED 。
(3).AppCompatActivity.onRequestPermissionsResult()
该方法类似于Activity的OnActivityResult()的回调方法，主要接收请求授权的返回值
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//版本判断if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) { //减少是否拥有权限 int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission); if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //弹出对话框接收权限 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, new String[]{permission}, id); return; }} |
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@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //TODO:已授权 } else { //TODO:用户拒绝 }} |
4.封装
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public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Map<Integer, Runnable> allowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>(); private Map<Integer, Runnable> disallowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); } /** * 请求权限 * @param id 请求授权的id 唯一标识即可 * @param permission 请求的权限 * @param allowableRunnable 同意授权后的操作 * @param disallowableRunnable 禁止权限后的操作 */ protected void requestPermission(int id, String permission, Runnable allowableRunnable, Runnable disallowableRunnable) { if (allowableRunnable == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("allowableRunnable == null"); } allowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, allowableRunnable); if (disallowableRunnable != null) { disallowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, disallowableRunnable); } //版本判断 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) { //减少是否拥有权限 int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission); if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //弹出对话框接收权限 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, new String[]{permission}, id); return; } else { allowableRunnable.run(); } } else { allowableRunnable.run(); } } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { Runnable allowRun = allowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode); allowRun.run(); } else { Runnable disallowRun = disallowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode); disallowRun.run(); } }}public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener{ private Button btCallPhone; private Button btContact; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); btCallPhone = (Button) findViewById(R.id.call_phone); btContact = (Button) findViewById(R.id.contact); btCallPhone.setOnClickListener(this); btContact.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { if(v == btCallPhone){ //拨打电话 requestPermission(1, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { callPhone(); } }, new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { callPhoneDenied(); } }); }else if(v == btContact){ //读取联系人信息 requestPermission(2, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS, new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { readContact(); } }, new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { readContactDenied(); } }); } } private void callPhone() { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "CALL_PHONE OK", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } private void callPhoneDenied() { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "CALL_PHONE Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } private void readContact() { ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); String str[] = {ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.PHOTO_ID}; Cursor cur = cr.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, str, null, null, null); int count = cur.getCount(); cur.close(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, String.format("发现%s条", count), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } private void readContactDenied() { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Contact Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }} |