1.输出程序运行时间
#include <ctime> // 放在开头 printf("Time used = %.3fs. ", (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC); // 放在需要输出已运行时间的地方
2.生成随机数据
定义random(int n)函数生成随机数:
#include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> int random(int n){ return (long long) rand() * rand() % n; } int main(){ srand((unsigned)time(0)); // 调用random(n)可返回0~n-1范围内的随机数 // 如random(RAND_MAX)在Windows下随机返回0~32767-1内的数值 return 0; }
在此基础上可以随机生成整数序列,区间列,树,图.具体实现见<<指南>> P440.
3.输入输出到文件
使用重定向:
freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin); freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);
VScode代码片段:

{ "Print to console": { "scope": "cpp", "prefix": "qFI", "body": [ "freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);", ], "description": "A cpp freopen in template." } }

{ "Print to console": { "scope": "cpp", "prefix": "qFO", "body": [ "freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);", ], "description": "A cpp freopen out template." } }
4.手动开启O2
#pragma GCC optimize(2)