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  • Java日志第42天 2020.8.16

    转换流

    OutputStreamWriter

    java.io.OutputStreamWriter extends Writer

    OutputStreamWriter是字符流通向字节流的桥梁,可使用指定的charset将要写入流的字符编码成字节。

    继承自父类的共性成员方法:

    - void write(int c):写入单个字符

    - void write(char[] cbuf):写入字符数组

    - abstract void write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len):写入字符数组的某一部分,off数组的开始索引,len写的字符个数

    - void write(String str):写入字符串

    - void write(String str, int off, int len):写入字符串的某一部分,off字符串的开始索引,len写的字符个数

    - void flush():刷新该流的缓冲

    - void close():关闭此流,但要先刷新它

    构造方法:

    OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out):创建使用默认字符编码的OutputStreamWriter

    OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, String charsetName):创建使用指定字符集的OutputStreamWriter

    *参数:

      OutputStream out:字节输出流,可以用来写转换之后的字节到文件中

      String charsetName:指定的编码表名称,不区分大小写,可以是utf-8/UTF-8, gbk/GBK

    使用步骤:

    1.创建OutputStreamWriter对象,构造方法中传递字节输出流和指定的编码表名称

    2.使用OutputStreamWriter对象中的方法write,把字符转换为字节存储缓冲区中

    3.使用OutputStreamWriter对象中的方法flush,把内存缓冲区中的字节刷新到文件中

    4.释放资源

    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
    
    public class Demo01OutputStreamWriter {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
            write_utf_8();
            write_gbk();
        }
    
        private static void write_gbk() throws IOException{
            OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("E:\Java\Practice\src\Practice\demo15\GBK.txt"),"GBK");
            osw.write("你好GBK");
            osw.flush();
            osw.close();
        }
    
        private static void write_utf_8() throws IOException {
            OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("E:\Java\Practice\src\Practice\demo15\UTF-8.txt"), "utf-8");
            osw.write("你好UTF-8");
            osw.flush();
            osw.close();
        }
    }

    InputStreamReader

    java.io.InputStreamReader extends Reader

    InputStreamReader是字节通向字符流的桥梁,它使用指定的charset读取字节并将其解码为字符。

    继承自父类的共性成员方法:

    - int read():读取单个字符并返回

    - int read(char[] cnuf):一次读取多个字符,并将字符读入数组

    - void close():关闭该流并释放与之关联的所有资源

    构造方法:

    InputStreamReader(InputStream in):创建一个默认字符集的InputStreamReader

    InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName):创建使用指定的字符集的InputStreamReader

    *参数:

      InputStream in:字节输入流,用来读取文件中保存的字节

      String charsetName:指定的编码表名称,不区分大小写

    使用步骤:

    1.创建InputStreamReader对象,构造方法中传递字节输入流和指定的编码表名称

    2.使用InputStreamReader中的方法read读取文件

    3.释放资源

    注意事项:

    构造方法中指定的编码表名称要和文件的编码相同,否则会发生乱码

    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    public class Demo02InputStreamReader {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            read_utf_8();
            System.out.println();
            read_gbk();
        }
    
        private static void read_gbk() throws IOException {
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("E:\Java\Practice\src\Practice\demo15\GBK.txt"),"GBK");
            int len=0;
            while((len = isr.read()) != -1){
                System.out.print((char) len);
            }
         isr.close(); }
    private static void read_utf_8() throws IOException { InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("E:\Java\Practice\src\Practice\demo15\UTF-8.txt")); char[] cbuf = new char[1024]; int len = 0; while((len = isr.read(cbuf)) != -1){ System.out.println(new String(cbuf, 0, len)); }
         isr.close();
       
    }
    }

    结果如下:

    练习:文件编码的转换

    将GBK格式的文件GBK.txt转换为UTF-8格式的文件UTF-8.txt

    import java.io.*;
    
    public class Demo03Test {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("E:\Java\Practice\src\Practice\demo15\GBK.txt"),"GBK");
            OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("E:\Java\Practice\src\Practice\demo15\UTF-8.txt"),"UTF-8");
    
            char[] cbuf = new char[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while((len = isr.read(cbuf))!=-1){
                osw.write(cbuf, 0, len );
            }
    
            osw.close();
            isr.close();
        }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Gazikel/p/13511834.html
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