题目:
Square
Time Limit: 10000/5000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 15102 Accepted Submission(s): 4751
Problem Description
Given a set of sticks of various lengths, is it possible to join them end-to-end to form a square?
Input
The first line of input contains N, the number of test cases. Each test case begins with an integer 4 <= M <= 20, the number of sticks. M integers follow; each gives the length of a stick - an integer between 1 and 10,000.
Output
For each case, output a line containing "yes" if is is possible to form a square; otherwise output "no".
Sample Input
3
4 1 1 1 1
5 10 20 30 40 50
8 1 7 2 6 4 4 3 5
Sample Output
yes
no
yes
Source
University of Waterloo Local Contest 2002.09.21
解题心得:
1、一开始在看到这道题的时候真的很蒙蔽,不知道怎么递归,怎么判断是否可以拼成正方形,其实这道题只要利用正方形的性质就可以了,正方形有四条边并且四条边一样长,所以在递归的时候只需要递归拼成的边的长度和边的个数就行了,但是按照这种普通的思路会超时,这就很尴尬了,然后就剪枝呗。
2、这个题的剪枝比较复杂,给出的n小于4的直接剪去,给出的所有的和不是4的倍数的直接减去,最大的数超过了边长的直接减去,看似减得差不多了但是还是会超时,这里有一个小的技巧,在递归边长的时候是将几个数相加得到的边长,这个时候就可以先排一个序然后从小到大开始加,每一次递归的元素再加加在边长上排序好的那个数的位置就行了。
#include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int a[25]; bool flag,vis[25]; int n,ave; void dfs(int num,int len,int pos)//需要递归的元素以此是:边的条数,边的长度,加上的数的位置 { if(num == 3 || flag)//由于之前预处理了,直接得到三条边就好,第四条边自动就出来了 { flag = true; return ; } if(len == ave) { dfs(num+1,0,0); return; } for(int i=pos;i<n;i++) { if(!vis[i] && (len + a[i] <= ave)) { vis[i] = true; dfs(num,len+a[i],i+1); vis[i] = false; } } } int main() { int t; int Max = -1; int sum; scanf("%d",&t); while(t--) { memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis)); flag = false; sum = 0; Max = -1; scanf("%d",&n); for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { scanf("%d",&a[i]); sum += a[i]; } sort(a,a+n); if(n <= 3)//正方形有四条边 { printf("no "); continue; } ave = sum /4;//平均每一条边的边长 if(sum % 4)//不是4的倍数的直接减去 { printf("no "); continue; } if(a[n-1] > ave)//最大的一个数比平均边长还大的直接减去 { printf("no "); continue; } dfs(0,0,0); if(flag) printf("yes "); else printf("no "); } }
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <string> #include <cmath> #include <cstdio> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; int n,cnt,sum; struct node { int lenth; int mark; }stick[25]; int cmp(node a,node b) { return a.lenth>b.lenth; } int dfs(int len,int count,int l,int pos) { if(count==4)return 1; for(int i=pos;i<n;i++) { if(stick[i].mark)continue; if(len==(stick[i].lenth+l)) { stick[i].mark=1; if(dfs(len,count+1,0,0)) return 1; stick[i].mark=0; return 0; } else if(len>(stick[i].lenth+l)) { stick[i].mark=1; l+=stick[i].lenth; if(dfs(len,count,l,i+1)) return 1; l-=stick[i].lenth; stick[i].mark=0; if(l==0) return 0; while(stick[i].lenth==stick[i+1].lenth)i++; } } return 0; } int main() { int T; cin>>T; while(T--) { scanf("%d",&n); cnt=sum=0; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { scanf("%d",&stick[i].lenth); sum+=stick[i].lenth; stick[i].mark=0; } sort(stick,stick+n,cmp); if(sum%4||n<4) { cout<<"no"<<endl; continue; } cnt=sum/4; if(dfs(cnt,0,0,0)) { cout<<"yes"<<endl; } else { cout<<"no"<<endl; } } return 0; }