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  • drf规范

    web接口

    # 请求工具:postman => https://www.getpostman.com/
    
    # 接口:url链接,通过向链接发生不同的类型请求与数据得到相应的响应数据
    
    # http://127.0.0.1:8888/test/
    # https://api.map.baidu.com/place/v2/search
    '''    
    ak: 6E823f587c95f0148c19993539b99295
    region: 上海
    query: 肯德基
    output: json
    '''

    RESTful规范

    # REST: 表征性状态转移(Representational State Transfer)
    # RESTful规范:web数据请求接口设计规范
    
    '''
    1)通常使用https请求
    2)域名:有api关键字出现
        -- https://api.example.com  (存在跨域问题)
        -- https://example.com/api
    3)版本:不同版本需要标注
        -- https://example.com/api/v1 | -- https://example.com/api/1
        -- https://example.com/api/v2 | -- https://example.com/api/2
    4)资源:请求的目标数据称之为资源,资源一般都有名词复数表示
        -- https://example.com/api/v1/books  (之前不规范的案例: /get_books/)
    5)操作方式:不从请求链接体现操作方式,从请求方式上决定操作方式
        -- get:https://example.com/api/v1/books  获取所有
        -- post:https://example.com/api/v1/books  新增一本
        -- put:https://example.com/api/v1/book/1  更新id=1的一本
        -- patch:https://example.com/api/v1/book/1  更新id=1的一本
        -- delete:https://example.com/api/v1/book/1  删除id=1的一本
    6)资源过滤:通过接口传递参数来过滤资源
        -- https://example.com/api/v1/books?limit=10  限制10条
    7)状态码:返回数据要标准状态码,通过在数据中 {"status": 200}
        -- SUCCESS("0", "查询成功")
        -- NODATA("1xx", "非正确,无数据,显示基本信息")
        -- FEAILED("2xx", "查询失败")
    8)错误信息:请求失败需要标注错误信息  {"message": "请求参数不合法"}
    9)操作结果:请求操作成功的返回结果 {"results": []}
        -- get:返回资源列表 | 返回单一资源
        -- post:返回单一新增资源
        -- put:返回更新的资源
        -- patch:返回更新的资源
        -- delete:返回空文档
    10)子资源返回资源接口:返回的资源如果有子资源,返回子资源的链接地址,如查找书,书的封面图片就可以url表示
    '''

    drf简易书写TESTful规范接口

    # 路由层
    from app import views
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
        url(r'^cbv/', views.CBVTest.as_view()),
        url(r'^books/', views.books),
        url(r'^book/(?P<id>d+)/', views.book),
    ]
    # 视图层
    from django.http import JsonResponse
    book_list = [{'id': 1, 'name': '红楼梦'}, {'id': 2, 'name': '水浒传'}]
    def books(request):
        if request.method == "GET":
            if 'ak' not in request.GET:
                return JsonResponse({
                    'status': '101',
                    'msg': 'ak不存在'
                }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
            ak = request.GET.get('ak')
            if ak != '123abc':
                return JsonResponse({
                    'status': '200',
                    'msg': 'ak非法'
                }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
            return JsonResponse({
                    'status': '0',
                    'msg': 'ok',
                    'results': book_list
                }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
        if request.method == 'POST':
            name = request.POST.get('name')
            id = len(book_list) + 1
            book = {'id': id, 'name': name}
            book_list.append(book)
            return JsonResponse({
                'status': '0',
                'msg': 'ok',
                'results': book
            }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})

    CBV源码分析

    # 视图层
    from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
    from django.views import View
    class CBVTest(View):
        # 通过调度(dispatch)分发请求
        def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            pass
            super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
            pass
    
        def get(self, request):
            return render(request, 'cbv.html')
    
        def post(self, request):
            return HttpResponse('cbv post method')
    <!-- 模板层 -->
    <form action="/cbv/" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <input type="text" name="usr">
        <button type="submit">提交</button>
    </form>
    # 路由层
    from app import views
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^cbv/', views.CBVTest.as_view()),
    ]

    drf安装与使用

    # 1)安装drf:pip3 install djangorestframework
    # 2)settings.py注册app:INSTALLED_APPS = [..., 'rest_framework']
    # 3)基于cbv完成满足RSSTful规范的接口
    # 视图层
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    from rest_framework.response import Response
    user_list = [{'id': 1, 'name': 'Bob'}, {'id': 2, 'name': 'Tom'}]
    class Users(APIView):
        def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            return Response({
                'status': 0,
                'msg': 'ok',
                'results': user_list
            })
        def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            # request对formdata,urlencoded,json三个格式参数均能解析
            name = request.data.get('name')
            id = len(user_list) + 1
            user = {'id': id, 'name': name}
            user_list.append(user)
            return Response({
                'status': '0',
                'msg': 'ok',
                'results': user
            })
    # 路由层
    from app import views
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^users/', views.Users.as_view()),
    ]

    request源码分析

    # as_view()
        # 核心走了父类as_view
        view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)
        # 返回的是局部禁用csrf认证的view视图函数
        return csrf_exempt(view)
        
    # dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
        # 二次封装request对象
        request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
        # 自定义request规则
        self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
        
    # initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
        # 原生request封装在request._request
        
    # initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
        # 认证
        self.perform_authentication(request)
        # 权限
        self.check_permissions(request)
        # 频率
        self.check_throttles(request)
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/HZLS/p/11347933.html
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